• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 1976

Using modified technique of Schmidt et al, as described previously (Korean J. Pharmacol 9 : 17, 1973), the stomach of female rats were perfused with physiological saline under urethane anesthesia. The acid-secretory response of the perfused stomach to i.v. hypertonic glucose (50%), casein hydrolysate (20%) or saline (6%) solution were studied with or without histamine or methacholine stimulation. A significant decrease of acid secretion from the rat stomach was induced by i.v. hypertonic glucose or saline solution. The histamine-stimulated acid secretion was also decreased by simultaneous administration of the hypertonic glucose or saline. However, methacholine-stimulated acid response was not affected by the hypertonic glucose. Intravenous infusion of 20% casein hydrolysate solution resulted in an increase in acid output from the stomach under histamine stimuli. These results lead to the conclusion that the inhibitory responses of acid secretion due to i.v. hypertonic glucose solution are brought through the effect of histaminergic, not cholnergic mechanism(s) in the gastric secretion.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.239-242
• /
• 2006

To evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of various concentrations of hypertonic glucose, live protoscolices of sheep were exposed to 10%, 15%, 25% and 50% glucose solutions. Cetrimide (0.5%), silver nitrate (0.5%) and hypertonic saline (20%) were used as positive controls, while physiological saline was used as a negative control. After 1, 2 and 5 min, the protoscolicidal effects were determined by 1 % eosin. A 25% glucose solution had no significant protoscolicidal effect. However, a 50% glucose solution revealed higher protoscolicidal effect than 0.5% silver nitrate but weaker effect than 0.5% cetrimide; the effect was comparable with that of 20% hypertonic saline. The results showed that hypertonic glucose solution is highly effective in killing protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 1977

Effects of 50% glucose solution on pancreatic exocrine function were studied in rat, rabbit and cat. The alterations during the resting state, the continuous intravenous infusion of secretin and the infusion of secretin with CCK-PZ were determined. 1) No change of pancreatic secretion in rat was observed by intragastric administration of the hypertonic glucose solution. 2) Intragastric administration of the hypertonic glucose solution in rabbit produced the inhibitory effect on pancreatic secretion during secretion infusion. 3) While secretin with CCK-PZ were infused continuously, intragastric administration of the hypertonic glucose solution revealed the marked inhibitory effect on pancrcreatic secretion in cat. Oral administration of the hypertonic glucose solution produced no significant inhibition in the resting gland but markedly depressed the pancreatic flow and enzyme concentration in the secretin or CCK-PZ stimulated gland. It is felt that the inhibitory response of exocrine pancreas induced by intragastric hytertonic glucose solution is resulted in interaction between secretory hormone and gastric mucosal factor possibly enteroglucagon.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to quantify the risk of mortality linked to various regimens of hypertonic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients using home-based PD was carried out. The prescribed regimen of glucose-based PD solution for all patients, determined on the basis of their individual conditions, was extracted from their medical chart records. The primary outcome was death. The treatment regimens were categorized into 3 groups according to the type of PD solution used: original PD (1.5% glucose), shuffle PD (1.5 and 2.5% glucose), and serialized PD (2.5 and 4.5% glucose). Multivariate analysis (using the Weibull model) was applied to comprehensively examine survival probabilities related to the explanatory variable, while adjusting for other potential confounders. Results: Of 300 consecutive patients, 38% died over a median follow-up time of 30 months (interquartile range: 15-46 months). Multivariate analysis showed that a treatment regimen with continued higher-strength PD solution (serialized PD) resulted in a lower survival rate than when the conventional strength solution was used (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.6, p<0.01). Five interrelated risk factors (age, length of time on PD, hemoglobin levels, albumin levels, and oliguria) were significant predictors contributing to the outcome. Conclusions: Frequent exposure to high levels of glucose PD solution significantly contributed to a 2-fold higher rate of death, especially when hypertonic glucose was prescribed continuously.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1995

After oral administration of various drinking solutions, the initial absorption rate of water through gastrointestinal tract of the rabbits was evaluated using tritinated water $(^3H_2O)$ as a marker to develop the sports drinking beverage for Korean people. The polynomial curve fitting over 20 min was performed using computer program to obtain the initial absorption rate of water from the tangent line of the fitted equation because initial absorption rate of water was more critical compared to elimination rate during exercise. The amount of water absorbed was increased but a large variation was observed among testing preparations in a small study group $(2{\leq}n{\leq}6)$. The initial absorption rate of water from isotonic sports drinking beverages was statistically significant when compared to hypertonic cola but was not significant when compared to hypotonic solutions (potable water and barley water). In case of hypertonic sports dringking beverages (i.e. Takeda), initial absorption rate of water was not improved and efficient when compared to other isotonic sports dringking beverages. The initial absorption rate of water from prescribed isotonic sample solution containing electrolytes, carbohydrates, and vitamins was not statistically significant when compared to other isotonic drinking beverages but showed similar absorption profile. It was obvious that isotonic solutions simultaneously containing electrolytes, vitamins and carbohydrates (sugar and glucose) had a tendency to increase the initial absorption of water compared to hypotonic (potable water and barley water) and hypertonic preparations (orange juice and cola). Although statistical significance of initial absorption rate of water between isotonic sports drinking beverages and hypotonic potable and barley water was not observed, unlike the hypertonic solutions, isotonic sports drinking beverages may aid not only to replenish loss of water, electrolytes and other nutrients during the exercise but also to prevent dehydration and muscle fatigue, resulting in improved physical performance in an exhausted condition.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2000

삼투질농도가 감성돔(Acanthopagrus schlegeli) 정자의 운동성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 감성돔 정자는 정장과 등장인 삼투질농도에서 운동성이 억제되었으나, 전해질(NaCl, KCl, $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$) 및 비전해질(mannitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose) 희석액의 삼투질농도가 증가할 때, 운동성을 획득하였다. 희석액의 삼투질농도에 의한 정자운동지수(SMI)의 변화는 포물선을 그렸다 모든 희석액에서 SMI는 해수의 삼투질농도와 유사한 약 1,000 mOsm/kg에서 가장 높았고 그 이상에서는 다시 낮아졌다. 비록 정자의 운동성이 희석액의 삼투질농도에 의해 유발되고 해수와 비슷한 농도의 고장인 희석 액에서 SMI가 가장 높았지만, 고장이나 저장의 희석액에 정자를 노출시키는 것은 정자의 운동성 감소를 유발하였고 생존에 유해하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 1990

Effects of oral administration of electrolyte solutions were studied in experimentally dehydrated adult sheep. By the latin square method five ruminal fistulated sheep were examined and dehydrated by deprivation of feed and water for 72 hours. Tap water, physiological saline, 0.45% NaCl+120 mM/L glucose and 0.9% NaCl+1% propylene glycol solution were orally administrated after dehydration, respectively. Rehydration effect and modification of the rumen function were compared. 1. After 72 hours of deprivation of feed and water, sheep were hypertonic dehydrated and blood acid-base parameters were not significantly changed. And there was marked increase in ruminal pH and decrease in ruminal total volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentration. 2. After the fluids administration the changes in blood acid-base parameters were not significant in all groups. 3. Although glucose fermentation in the rumen was observed, 0.45% NaCl+120 mM/L glucose was more effective in rehydration than physiological saline and tap water. But it was difficult to know the rehydration effect of 0.9% NaCl+1% propylene glycol solution exactly because of excessive increase in plasma osmolality. 4. After refeeding, total concentration and proportions of ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) were not significantly different among groups and recovered to normal concentration but not in proportions after 2 days in all groups. 5. In vitro cultured ruminal protozoa were susceptible to the decrease of the pH and osmolality.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.128-137
• /
• 1991

신생아나 영아의 급성신부전증의 치료를 위하여서 복막투석이 매우 유효한 방법으로 알려져 있지만 혈역학적으로 불안정한 상태에서 저용량, 고농도의 투석액으로 자주 교환하는 방법이 통상적인 투석방법과 마찬가지로 효율적인지를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시도하였다. 대상환아는 신생아와 영유아에서 혈역학적으로 불안정하리라 추정되는 7례의 급성신부전증 환아를 대상으로 저용량($14.2{\pm}4.2ml/kg$), 고농도(4.25% dextrose)의 투석액을 30-45분의 짧은 간격으로 교환하는 복막투석을 실시하여 통상적인 방법을 사용한 4례의 환아와 비교하였다. 환아의 연령은 $1.9{\pm}1.3$개월이었고, 체중은 $4.6{\pm}1.6kg$이었으며 신부전증을 일으킨 원인은 패혈증과 이에 동반한 쇽 5례와 심장수술 후 과다혈량 상태가 생긴 2례였다. 도관은 경피적으로 pigtail 도관이나 Tenckhoff 도관을 삽입하였다. 유효한외과여과율은 $0.27{\pm}0.09ml/min$로서 통상적인 방법에 의한 $0.29{\pm}0.09ml/min$와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 투석 24시간 후 혈중 BUN은 $95.6{\pm}37.5mg/dl$에서 $ 75.7{\pm}25.9mg/dl$로 감소하였고, 혈중 pH는 $7.122{\pm}0.048$에서 $7.326{\pm}0.063$으로 증가하였다. 투석중의 부작용으로는 2례의 고혈당증, 2례의 도관 주위 누출, 1례의 경한 저나트륨혈증과 1례의 복막염이 발생하였으나 비교적 용이하게 교정이 가능하였다. 이들 환아중 2례의 환아가 선행질환의 악화로 사망하였다.