• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2021

Background: To identify the factors that affect the current status and satisfaction of people with disabilities at community oral care centers. Methods: A structured self-administered survey, including five questions on facility environment, five on usage procedure, four on medical skill, four on care cost, three on friendliness, and three on satisfaction, was administered to 218 residents of the G-disabled community care center. It comprised a Likert 5-point scale (strongly agree, 5 points; agree, 4 points; moderate, 3 points; disagree, 2 points; not at all, 1 point). The reliability of the measurement tool was 0.932 for Cronbach's α. Results: The evaluation of community oral care centers for the disabled showed that the environment was hygienic (4.42±0.73), reservation system was well maintained (4.18±0.95), and the dentist-in-charge was satisfied with the treatment (4.37±0.62). The participants agreed that the details were sufficiently explained (4.29±0.71). However, in terms of medical expenses, the score of "have fully heard the explanation of medical expenses and reductions" was 3.88±0.92. The factors affecting satisfaction were sex, final educational background in the facility environment, usage procedure, and medical skill. Conclusion: To increase the satisfaction of people with disabilities at community oral care centers, it is necessary to establish a facility environment and service according to the patients' need and increase the reduction or exemption benefits between different treatment cost categories. Oral health management policies for the disabled should be developed based on these factors, so that the oral care of vulnerable groups in blind spots can be maintained.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.36-44
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for healthy and effective dental management by providing the knowledge and information on periodontal health promotion as well as high dental health interests, by doing a comparative analysis of the effect of dental health knowledge and oral hygiene management skills of people in their 20s on periodontal health status assessment, to find periodontal disease early and prevent it targeting 130 adults in their 20s who visited dental hygienic lab for comprehensive dental hygiene care and treatment from September 25 to October 30. The data collected used SPSS 18.0. To present the technical characteristics of the data, frequency was used and chi-squared test through cross-analysis was conducted to investigate dental health knowledge and the relevance between the variables of oral hygiene management skills of general characteristics. To examine periodontal health status assessment, t-test and One-way ANOVA and Turkey post-hoc tests were carried out at the 5% significance level. Regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of dental health knowledge and oral hygiene management skills on dental health status assessment. As a result of this study, as dental health knowledge on tooth brushing of people in their 20s increased, plaque index reduced, as dental health knowledge on periodontal disease increased, plaque index reduced. Dental health status assessment according to a total number of times tooth brushing, tooth brushing methods, whether to use dental hygiene devices, smoking status, drinking frequency per week, whether to have oral health education was statistically significant. To improve the level of dental health knowledge and oral hygiene management skills, oral health education should be strengthened as well as the publicity through the media to have the information on oral health and learn it.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2004

For a month of September, 2004, a questionnaire regarding dental hygiene was distributed to 165 workers of Ulsan area. A total of 125 questionnaire were analyzed: 102 collected of the distributed 165 pieces, and 23 questionnaires reported by patients of a dental clinic in Dong-gu, Woolsan. The result is as follows; (1) Labor workers of Ulsan have thought that they are in good dental health, 44.1% of respondents, following by those who they believe they are in moderate health and those who they think are in poor condition. 89.0% of total workers have experienced dental treatment. (2) Regarding the location of dental treatment, 85.0% of respondents have pointed out dental hospitals and clinics, while 3.9% have indicated that they had treatment from unlicensed dentists. Specifically, workers in their 40s over have ever experienced dental treatment by unlicensed dentists. Those who think they are in poor dental condition have tended to have more dental treatment by unlicensed dentists. (3) Regarding the reason that they put off the treatment, 59.1% of respondents have indicated that they have no time to have the treatment, following by economic burden and the lack of confidence in dentists. When they have tooth aches or the gum ache, 60% of respondents have suggested that they endure the ache or take a medicine to alleviate the pain, showing a lower understanding of early dental treatment. (4) Regarding the reason why they are unwilling to go to dentists, respondents have revealed the anxiety against pain, 50.4%, following by the difficulty of scheduling and unsatisfied services. (5) 47.2% of respondents have brushed their teeth 3 times everyday, following by those who have done it 2 times a day and those one a day. Regarding how to brush the teeth, most of respondents have brushed their teeth in the upper, lower, and the both side, 61.4%. The younger respondents and those who think they are in good dental health have tended to brush their teeth up and down. (6) Regarding the cause of the gum disease, 67.7% of respondents have thought that it is caused by poor dental hygiene, following by natural occurrence due to age, hereditary nature, and physical predisposition. (7) 67.7% of respondents have experienced dental scaling, while 32.3% of them have had no experience in it. 53.5% of workers have thought that scaling may not be recommended since they have the teeth scaled periodically once they had dental scaling, a higher rate than 46.5% who think scaling is good for the gum health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.402-413
• /
• 2001

Food safety is a term broadly applied to food quality that may adversely affect human health. These include zoonotic diseases and acute and chronic effects of ingesting natural and human-made xenobiotics. There are two major areas of concern over the presence of residues of antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuffs with regard to human health. The first is allergic reactions. Some antibiotics, such as penicillins can evoke allergic reactions even though small amounts of them are ingested or exposed by parenteral routes. The second is development of antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria of human. Recently multi-resistant pneumococcal, glycopeptide-resistant enterococci and gram negative bacteria with extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamases have spread all over the world, and are now a serious therapeutic problem in human. Although it is evident that drugs are required in the efficient production of meat, milk and eggs, their indiscriminate use should never be substituted for hygienic management of farm. Drug should be used only when they are required. In addition to veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants that were contaminated in feed, water and air can make residues in animal products. Mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals derived from industries can be harmful both to animal and human health. Most of organic contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, and metals are persistent in environment and biological organisms and can be accumulated in fat and hard tissues. Some of them are suspected to have endocrine disrupting, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunodepressive and nervous effects. The governmental agencies concerned make efforts to prevent residue problems; approval of drugs including withdrawal times of each preparation of drugs, establishment of tolerances, guidelines regarding drug use and sanitation enforcement of livestock products. National residue program is conducted to audit the status of the chemical residues in foods. Recently HACCP has been introduced to promote food safety from farm to table by reducing hazardous biological, chemical and physical factors. Animal Production Food Safety Program, Quality Assurance Programs, Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank are para- or non-governmental activities ensuring food safety. This topic will cover classification and usage or sources of chemical residues, their adverse effects, and chemical residue status of some countries. Issues are expanded to residue detection methodologies, toxicological and pharmacokinetic backgrounds of MRL and withdrawal time establishments, and the importance of non-governmental activities with regard to reducing chemical residues in food.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study of oral health problems was conducted to 311 students in Special Schools in order to inquire into the state of their oral health behaviors, to find out the main obstacles against dental services, to secure dental reasonable basis for oral health promotion. Methods : A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Special School of the 311 students in the area of the metropolitan Seoul. By means of Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test, oral hygiene habits for each type of the subjects, the contents of dental care services, the prerequisites to improve oral health, were inquired. To evaluate the effects to the current oral health status of types of disability, 2-way ANOVA was practiced. Results : The handicapped with Visual impairment, mental retardation, multiplicity with disabilities, answered negatively in their own oral health status. 47.4% of the deaf can do brush for theirselves without the inconvenience, but in other types of disability they showed that they were helped by others. Subjects did not use the secondary oral hygiene necessaries because, except brain damage, almost of types of disability impeded the convenient use. 60 to 88.2 percent of the total respondents were the recent visitors to dental clinique within 1 year, and the most common motives of the visiting dentist, is a routine medical examination, their movements to the dentist in all types of disabilities, needed helps of others. Most of them received medical treatment at a private dentist, the handicapped preferred the private care and place(49.8%). Only in the case of the brain disorders, extremely much of the disabled answered that they were needed the preventive treatment, and the another cases of disability were largely needed the treatment of the decayed teeth. To improve the oral health of the people with disabilities, at the opening of the clinics and hospitals over a certain size, the mandatory medical facilities for the care of the disabled should be preceded and followed by the improvement of dental insurance system so as to reduce the burdens of the cost of dental care. Conclusions : The improvement of oral health policy for the disabled are needed inevitably: Development of secondary oral hygienic easy to use for the disabled, the building systems of medical dental hospital with the disabled facilities, by the improvement of the insurance system, the reduction of the burden of payments.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.174-184
• /
• 2005

For the purpose of investigating the etiologic factors of early childhood caries in 18-month old infants which is an important period in pediatric dentistry, 234 infants of 18-month age and their first care-givers (mothers in most cases) who visited Ilsin Christian Hospital in Busan for the baby-care counseling and vaccination were examined. The oral examination was performed on the infants and their care-givers were individually interviewed about various items, and the data was statistically processed to yield the results as follows : 1. The prevalence rate of early childhood caries was 27.4%. 2. The percentage of the eldest child, the education level of the mother and monthly income were revealed lower in caries group infants. 3. The percentage of prolonged breast-feeding and the frequency of daily nursing was higher in early childhood caries group. 4. In early childhood caries group, the between-meal snacks were tend to be provided irregularly without predetermined time, and sugar containing snacks such as chocolates and candies were ranked in higher order whereas the fruits and milks were in lower ranks. 5. In early childhood caries group, the percentage of those performing the oral hygienic care was lower and the timing to start the toothbrushing was comparatively later. From the above results, it can be concluded that prolonged breast-feeding, poor snack habits and lower socioeconomic status act an important role in early childhood caries in 18-month old infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.188-192
• /
• 1984

In order to investigate the hygienic status of commercial red pepper powder, one sample was directly prepared from raw red pepper which was purchased at market and the other one was a commercial red pepper powder. They were used for the investigation upon the status of microbial contamination, effect of irradiation for sterilization and physicochemical changes during 3 months of storage. Total bacterial counts of commercial red pepper powders were 3.83 to $6.68{\times}10^6$ per gram and coliform group was shown to be positive in some products. Total bacteria and coliform group were sterilized by the irradiation of 9 kGy and 3 kGy, respectively and no microorganisms were grown up until 3 months of storage at room temperature. The $D_{10}$ values of total viable bacteria in red pepper powders were 1.52 to 1.58 kGy. Chemical components such as moisture, total and reducing sugars were slightly decreased during the storage period. The contents of capsanthin and capsaicin were partly affected by the high dose irradiation but the difference between unirradiated and irradiated groups was diminished with the elapse of storage period.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2021

Along with the rapid growth of the food service industry, food safety requirements and hygiene are increasing in importance in restaurants and hotels. Accordingly, there is a need for quick and practical monitoring techniques to determine hygiene status in the field. In this study, we investigated 5 domestic 5-star hotels specifically, personal hygiene (hands of workers), cooking utensils (knife, cutting board, food storage container, slicing machine blade, ice-maker scoop) and other facilities (refrigerator handle, sink). In addition, we examined the hygiene management status of customer contact points (tongs for buffet, etc.) to derive the correlation between the ATP values as a, a verification method. As a result of our five-hotel survey, we found that cooking utensils and personal hygiene were relatively sanitary compared to other inspection items (cookware 92.2%, personal hygiene 91.4%, facilities and equipment 76.19%, customer contact items 88.6%). According to our ATP-based mothod, kitchen utensils (51 ± 45 RLU/25㎠) were relatively clean compared to other with facilities and equipment (167 ± 123 RLU/25㎠). In the present study, we also evaluated the usefulness of the ATP bioluminescence method for monitoring surface hygiene at hotel restaurants. After correlation analysis of surveillance of hygienic status points and ATP assay, most results showed negative and high correlation (-0.64--0.89). Our ATP assay (92 ± 67 RLU/25㎠) of each item after cleaning showed signigicantly reduced results compared to the ATP assay (1020 ± 1254 RLU/25㎠) for normal status, thereby indicating its suitability as a tool to verify the validity of cleaning. By our results, ATP bioluminescence could be used as an effective tool for visual numerical evaluation of invisible contaminants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.589-597
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to arrange for the systematic execution of safety control in children's foods through nutrition and hygiene standard suggestions and guidelines for quality certification system in children's preferable food. Aiming to achieve this objective, the study researched the present status of children’s preferable food sold near elementary schools, elicited the hazards and problems of those foods and selected nutritional and hygienic hazard components in those foods. To suggest the standards and guidelines for quality certification in children's preferable food, the study referred to sundry records, surveyed the practical cases of relevant policies and standards at home and abroad. We studied the standard of nutrition for the quality certification in those foods for sugar, fat, sodium, and additives (tar color: red No. 2 in a ban on use, caffeine), microorganism (aflatoxin $B_1$ (${\mu}g$/kg) and pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp.), which are the nutrients that may hamper health when taken in a large amount, and the standard for a diet restricted to under 200 kcal per one serving size. Results of distribution of processed foods (242 samples) by nutrition standards were as follows. In case of all ‘low’ level in total sugar, total fat and sodium, 0.4% of total samples was possible to be certified, In case of all ‘medium’ level in total sugar, total fat and sodium, maximumly 22.3% of total samples was possible to be certified. In case of all medium level in nutrients and $\leq$200 kcal/serving, 17.8% of total samples was possible to be certified. Certified food types was milk products and beverages.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study is to make basic materials for an effective human resource management plan by understanding relationship between self-esteem and intention of transfer of dental hygienists who are working in dental diagnostic institutions and to contribute to human resource program development for promoting development into a dental hygienic profession. Methods : This survey was carried out for dental hygienists who are engaging in dental diagnostic institutions in part of Cheonbuk Area by survey researchers for 10 days from September 14 to September 24, 2011 by visiting dental clinics after respondents replied to a questionnaire after listening to explanations of study purposes. Total 210 copies of questionnaire were retrieved and 201 copies were used as materials for the final analysis excluding 9 copies with insincere replies. Results : 1. The total average grade for self-esteem of study objects was 32.83(${\pm}3.08$) points. The total average of intention of transfer was found to be 32.91(${\pm}7.50$) points. 2. Self-esteem by satisfaction on the current workplaces was shown to be high with 'very satisfactory'(p=0.028), which has significant difference statistically (p<0.05). 3. In the intention of transfer by general characteristics, 20-25 years ($35.15{\pm}7.17$) was higher than over 40 years old ($23.44{\pm}3.47$) by age to show significant difference statistically (p=0.000). As for married status, single ($34.42{\pm}6.64$) was found to have higher intention of transfer than married ($30.28{\pm}8.11$), which showed significant difference statistically (p=0.018). As for the education background, 3 year course college graduates ($33.49{\pm}7.25$) showed more intention of transfer than over undergraduate students ($22.75{\pm}9.43$) to show significance statistically (p=0.002) and in the working years 1~3 years ($34.40{\pm}7.07$) was found to have more intention of transfer than over 10 years ($25.13{\pm}5.08$) to be significant statistically (p=0.000). The annual income less than 25 million won ($34.10{\pm}6.54$) showed more intention of transfer than over 40 million won ($21.00{\pm}0.00$) (p=0.000). 4. Intention of transfer by satisfaction of current workplaces was found to be high in 'very unsatisfactory', which showed significant difference statistically (p<0.001). 5. Pure correlation between self-esteem and intention of transfer came into existence and intention of transfer was found to be higher as self-esteem is higher. Conclusions : Through results as above, intention of transfer of dental hygienists was found to be higher as self-esteem is higher. Various follow-up studies which are to perform empirical verification by analyzing various factors which can affect intention of transfer based on this and using them as control variables are thought to be tried.