• Title/Summary/Keyword: hygiene management standard

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Toxin Gene and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus Isolated from Indoor Air in Cafeteria (급식실 실내공기에서 분리된 황색포도상구균과 바실러스 세레우스의 독소 유전자 및 항생제 내성)

  • Oh, Do-Gyung;Jo, Ah-Hyeon;Kim, Chan-Yeong;Jeong, Eun-Sun;Kim, Jung-Beom
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.520-527
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    • 2021
  • In this study, toxin gene and antibiotic resistance of food poisoning strains isolated from indoor air in the cafeteria were analyzed to prevent food poisoning. Staphylococcus aureus (16 strains) and Bacillus cereus (37 strains) isolated from indoor air in child care center were tested. The toxin genes of S. aureus and B. cereus were detected by PCR assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility test followed the disc diffusion method described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The seg and sei toxin genes were detected in 11 of 16 S. aureus strains (68.6%). The nheA and nheB toxin genes were detected in 37 B. cereus strains. In this study, a total of 12 toxin gene patterns of B. cereus were found, among which the nheA-nheB-nheC toxin gene was found to be the most frequent pattern. The result of the antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. aureus revealed 93.8% and 87.5% resistance to ampicillin and penicillin antibiotics, but methicillin resistance S. aureus and vancomycin resistance S. aureus were not detected. All 37 B. cereus tested in this study were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin antibiotics. Based on the result of this study, it was judged that regular ventilation and air quality management were necessary to prevent food poisoning caused by S. aureus and B. cereus contaminated in the indoor air of child care centers.

Exposure of Carcinogens in Electronics Industries and Strategy for Control of Carcinogens: Using Work Environment Measurement Database (2013-2017) in Korea (한국 전자산업에서 작업환경측정을 통해 파악된 발암물질들 노출 특성과 발암물질관리 방안: 작업환경측정자료(2013-2017)를 중심으로)

  • Mia, Son;Jaewon, Yun;Yu Seoung, Hwang;Mijin, Park;MinSeo, Choi;Mi-Young, Lee;Domyung, Paek
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.302-324
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate exposure to occupational carcinogens in the nationwide electronics industries and to establish a strategy for control of occupational carcinogens in South Korea. Methods: We evaluated occupational carcinogens as defined by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) using a nationwide work environment measurement database on the electronics industry in South Korea measured between 2013 and 2017 in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Results: The number of occupational carcinogens found in the electronics industry in South Korea were: 20 for IARC Group 1, 14 for Group 2A, and 30 for Group 2B. The occupational carcinogens (Group 1) most frequently exposed were strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid (sulfuric acid), welding fumes, mineral oils (untreated or mildly treated), nickel compounds, silica dust, crystalline substances in the form of quartz or cristobalite, formaldehyde, arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds, chromium (VI) compounds, trichloroethylene, cadmium and cadmium compounds, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, wood dust, beryllium and beryllium compounds, 1,3 butadiene, benzene, and others. Among them, the carcinogens (Group 1) exceeding the acceptable standard were trichloroethylene, formaldehyde, and ethylene oxide. The working environment measurement system as regulated by Occupational Safety and Health Act is not properly assessed and managed for occupational carcinogens in South Korea. A component analysis for all materials used should be set up to practically reduce occupational carcinogens. A ban on the use of occupational carcinogens and the development of alternative materials are needed. The occupational carcinogens below the acceptable standards should be carefully examined and a new standard for exposure needs to be established. Conclusions: The Occupational Safety and Health Act should be improved to identify and monitor occupational carcinogens at work sites. A strategy for occupational safety and health systems should be provided to give direction to workers' needs and right to know.

3D Face Dimensions and New Fit Test Panels for the Labor Population Using Respirators in South Korea (호흡보호구 사용 노동인구의 3차원 얼굴사이즈 특징 및 한국형 밀착도 검사 패널 개발)

  • Jung-Keun Park;Se-Dong Kim;Hyoun-Min Cho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.247-264
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: The study was to examine the features of three-dimensional(3D) face dimensions and to develop fit test panels for the labor population using respirators in South Korea. Methods: This study was part of the first-year work of a two-year-project conducted at Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute in 2021. After 3D head dimensions data were collected from Size Korea Center managing Sixth Size Korea databases, 3D face dimensions DB for the South Korean labor population was established for 21 items of face dimensions in line with the ISO/TS 16976-2 and KS A ISO 15535. With the South Korean labor population 3D face dimensions DB, in accordance with the ISO/TS 16976-2, the descriptive statistics of 3D face dimensions were calculated and two fit test panels were developed. Results: A total of 2,752 subjects were finally determined and they were 52.9% for male, 41.2% for the highest age-group of 15-29, and residents in the capital area. Mean and standard deviation were obtained for each of the 21 3D face dimensions items for the South Korean labor population. Among the items, male and female face widths were 137.6±5.7 mm, 133.2±5.0 mm, respectively. Male and female face lengths were 116.6±7.0 mm, 107.8±6.8 mm, respectively. Two new South Korean fit test panels, a bivariate test panel and a principal component analysis test panel, were developed using the 3D face dimensions DB as well. Conclusions: Using the 3D face dimensions DB, the mean and standard deviation were featured for each of the 21 items and also the two fit test panels were newly developed in the study. It is suggested that the study outputs should be utilized practically and effectively in selection, use, and management of respirators at work, expecting that respiratory protection can be furthermore improved for respirator users including labor population across the country.

Investigation of Acrylamide Contents in Frozen Foods According to the Cooking Method (가열조리에 따른 냉동식품의 아크릴아마이드 함량조사)

  • You-Jin Lee;Myung-Gil Kim;Hye-Jung Kwon;Ho-Jeong Bae;Kyong-Suk Lim;Eun-Jin Baek;Myung-Jin Lee
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.476-482
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    • 2023
  • This study aimed to investigate the acrylamide content in frozen food products after cooking. Twenty samples of bread (Group 1) and 30 samples of processed tuberous and corn vegetable products (Group 2) were selected. Acrylamide levels were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The frozen food samples were heated using the air fryer cooking method according to the product packaging and were compared to ready-to-eat French fries (Group 3). The results showed that the acrylamide content was the highest in group 3, followed by that in group 2 and group 1. The acrylamide content of all the samples was found to be within the domestic recommended standard of 1 mg/kg. However, when the samples that exceeded EU benchmark level (0.5 mg/kg) were selected and cooked using the deep-fat frying method according to the product packaging, one of them showed the acrylamide content of 1.83 mg/kg, which exceeded the domestic recommended standard. The present study highlights the need for continued evaluation and management to reduce acrylamide contents in frozen foods, as increasing domestic exposure to acrylamide is concerning.

Convergence study on anti-caries effect of chlorhexidine and essential oils (클로르헥시딘과 에센셜 오일의 항우식 효과에 대한 융합 연구)

  • Lee, Su-Young
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.10
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    • pp.367-373
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    • 2016
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-caries effect of the essential oils and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. 42 subjects were randomized allocated to the chlorhexidine (n=22) and essential oils group (n=20). Subjects were instructed to rinsing each mouthwash by 15 ml once a day during the 7 days. The CRT and Cariview scores were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. Data was analysed by using PASW 18.0 program with independent t-test and paired t-test. After 1 month, Cariview score was shown reducing compare to baseline. However, there were no significant differences between the groups. High risk level of MS and LB was decreased to 9~15% after treatment in two groups. Both of the chlorhexidine and essential oils mouth wash showed an antiplaque effect. Although chlorhexidine continues to be the "gold standard" in terms of antiplaque effect, essential oils could be considered a reliable alternative antimicrobial agent.

The Benefit of Supplemental Cough Suppression Therapy for Chronic Refractory Cough (만성 난치성 기침에 대한 기침 억제 요법의 효과)

  • Yoo, Yong Jun;Park, Hye Jin;Han, Myung Woul;Kim, Ji Won
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.26-30
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    • 2022
  • Background and Objectives Cough suppression therapy (CST) is a physiotherapy that can be used for patients with chronic refractory cough (CRC). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of CST for CRC. Materials and Method A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in 27 patients with CRC. Participants were randomized to receive either standard mucolytic medications for CRC combined with supplemental CST (CST group) or standard medications alone (control group). CST consists of laryngeal hygiene management, humidification, cough suppression technique, breathing method, and counseling. We assessed the symptoms change at baseline and week 4 with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Secondary efficacy outcomes included the degree of cough Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score (0 to 100 scale). Results From 2019 to 2021, 14 CST group patients and 13 control group patients were included. The improvement was significantly greater in the CST group than in the control group for cough VAS score (36.67 to 13.33 vs. 74.29 to 16.43, p<0.001). Patients in the CST group had a significant improvement in total (70.14 to 107.71, p=0.005), physical (31.42 to 43.86, p=0.015), psychological (23.57 to 40.14, p=0.003), and social (15.14 to 23.71, p=0.005) LCQ scores. However, there was not a significant pre- to post-treatment LCQ score improvement in control group. Conclusion CST might be an effective supplemental intervention for CRC.

A Study on the Environmental Condition and Safety in Dental Radiographic Room (치과 방사선 촬영실의 촬영실태와 방사선 안전관리 실태에 관한 조사 연구)

  • Kang, Eun-Ju;Lee, Kyung-Hee;Ju, On-Ju
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2005
  • In spite of relatively low level of radiation dose used at dental clinics, long term exposure may be harmful, so radiation workers at dental clinics must be well aware of its danger. This study was radiation safety management by dental hygienists in order to take preventive measures for dental hygienists and suggest ideas to develop radiation safety training programs. For this, we contacted dental hygienists working at the local dental clinics for 4 months from December of 2003 to march of 2004 and obtained the following findings. 1. Regarding the intraoral radiographic method, the average daily photographing frequency of standard films stood at one to five pieces (47.5%), and the average weekly photographing frequency of digital radiation medicine stood at less than one piece (69.8%), and the average weekly photographing frequency of bitewing films stood at less than one piece (67.7%), and and the average weekly photographing frequency of occlusal films stood at less than one piece (95.5%), and the dentistries whose average weekly photographing frequency of pediatric films stood at one to five pieces accounted for 47.1 percent. 2. Regarding the extraoral radiographic method, the average weekly photographing frequency of panorama film stood at one to five pieces (63.7%), and less than one piece (20.9%), the average weekly photographing frequency of cephalometric film stood at less than one piece (72.3%), and one to five pieces (20.1%). 3. Concerning the radiation safety management training program, only 18.7% of total 278 surveyed attended the training progra., Attendance tendency of the training program by general characteristics showed statistically significant difference according to age (p<0.01), working experience (p<0.001), and marital status (p<0.01). 4. When asked about the protective equipments against radiation exposure, 40.6% of them said "modest", and 71.1% appeared equipped with led apron as a protective tool.

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Hygienic Consideration on the Quality Change of Perilla Oil (들기름의 품질변화에 대한 위생적 고찰)

  • Park Geon-yong;Cho Sung-ja;Jung Bo-kyung;Kim Tea-rang;Lee Chan-soo;Chough Nam-joon
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.185-190
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    • 2005
  • Perilla oil was measured on hygiene state and quality change for oil press condition. All sample .was commercially salted perilla oil, and was tested standard items. The result showed violative rate of $23.1\%$, and violative items were acid value and iodine value. Relationship between D.B.I. and iodine value was 0.78, so that unsuitability of iodine value should be caused of oxidation factor. But acid value was not relationship comparatively. The quality change appeared very small by roasting conditions, but quality of perilla seed gaye many influence on quality of oil. Therefore use of fresh perilla seed is a matter of great importance to quality of perilla oil. Perilla oil was demanded many attention on Quality management for stage and sold period because of high possibility of quality change.

A Study on the Weight Length Index and Dental Caries of Elementary School Students (초등학생들의 체중신장지수(WLI)와 치아우식증에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sun-Mi;Kim, Song-Chon
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.25-43
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    • 2003
  • In Korea, changes in children's diet patterns accelerate their physical growth and development: frequent snacking has been presumed to be a major cause of increasing dental caries. The present study attempts to clarify the relationship between the physical development of growing children and their tooth decay. For this purpose, 632 six-grade children in 4 elementary school located in Urban(Seoul) and Rural(Po-gok, Yang-In) were classified into three groups based on the Weight Length Index(WLI), known to reflect the nutritional conditions of school-age children, and the relationship was analyzed between each group and the variables considered to be related with dental caries. The result is as follows: The average weight and height of the male is $44.88{\pm}10.89$ kg, $148.49{\pm}7.33$ cm and female is $43.35{\pm}9.60$ kg, $149.23{\pm}6.73$ cm, respectively, which are in the similar level with the Korean Physical Standard. The classification of the children by the WLI reveals a relatively high distribution of over-weighted child ren - 212 persons, 335% of the entire population. The DMFT Index was a little high in the rural area(3.15 teeth in urban and 3.31, in rural). Among the groups of children classified by the WLI, the over-weight group have the highest DMFT index(3.69 teeth). The relationship between the frequency of taking in basic nutrients and the DMFT index is also found: the relationship is not evident in case of the foods containing rich calcium, protein, as well as fruits and vegetables. But, in the protein-rich food, higher frequency of its intake means significantly lower DMFT index in the normal-weight group of the urban children. In case of carbohydrate, higher frequency of its intake means significantly higher DMFT index in all the groups of the rural children. The DMFT index has some correlations with the relevant variables: the index has a positive correlation with the frequency of snacking, and a negative correlation with the economic status. That is, the higher the frequency of snacking is, and the lower the economic status is, the higher the DMFT index may be. In the logistic multiple regression analysis conducted with the presence of DMFT as a dependent variable, only the frequency of tooth brushing is turned to be a variable affecting the presence of either decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Based on the above result, the variables affecting the DMFT index are a time spent on eating, frequency of intake of protein and carbohydrate for a week, frequency of snacking, regular dental check-ups, preventive behaviors for oral health(fluoride gargling, tooth brusing after each meal, proper tooth brushing method). These variables have a relationship with the DMFT index, but the degree is somewhat different between the groups classified either by the region or by the WLI. Therefore, appropriate nutrition management should be conducted according to the individual's nutritional conditions when the services like nutritional education are provided based on the closely-examined characteristics of each target group. And, at the same time, oral health education should be strengthened, and its importance should also be emphasized so that people can pay attention to their own oral health.

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Microbial Risk Assessment for Mixed Vegetable Salad and Fresh and Frozen Fruits Distributed in Korea (국내 유통 중인 혼합채소샐러드 및 신선·냉동과일의 미생물 오염실태 조사)

  • Park, Hyun-Jin;Lee, Jeong-Eun;Kim, Sol-A;Shim, Won-Bo
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.324-330
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    • 2021
  • In this study, the microbial levels on mixed vegetable salads, fresh fruits, and frozen fruits distributed in Korea were comparatively analyzed by food group, region, and quarter. Samples were collected from big markets in large cities from 2018 to 2019 and used for microbiological analysis. The levels of aerobic bacteria for mixed vegetable salads, fresh fruits, and frozen fruits were 6.48, 5.07, and 3.78 log CFU/g, respectively. As a result of analyzing the quarterly contamination levels of aerobic bacteria, the first quarter contamination level was 5.12 log CFU/g while the second quarter showed 6.26 log CFU/g, the third quarter 5.73 log CFU/g, and the fourth quarter 4.42 log CFU/g. A higher number of aerobic bacteria was observed in the second and third quarters when the temperature was higher. There was no difference in the number of bacteria by region. The levels of the coliform group were 1.98 - 3.93 log CFU/g in all samples, and Escherichia coli was detected at 1.38 log CFU/g in 3 out of 27 mixed vegetable salads. Since the mixed vegetable salad and fresh fruit used in this study exceeded the standard (3 log CFU/g) for unheated foods and E. coli was detected in three fresh fruits, stricter hygiene management in the manufacturing stage of salads and fresh fruit is required.