• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

Appendicitis is a common cause of acute abdomen in pediatrics. Periappendiceal abscesses are frequently found in the pediatric population. Acute appendicitis in children can, at times, be a difficult clinical diagnosis because of its highly variable history? and physical manifestations and its unpredictable course. Despite the uncertainty of the diagnosis, appendicitis demands prompt treatment because of the risk of perforation, which occurs in approximately one third of cases. Urological manifestations of appendicitis and appendiceal abscess can vary. Acute appendicitis presenting with ureteral stenosis and hydronephrosis is very rare. Here, we report a case of acute appendicitis with perforation and left hydronephrosis in a 3-year-old female. This case presents a 3-year-old girl with dysuria having hydronephrosis that originated from a perforated appendix.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.66-69
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• 2022

Patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the kidney, are known to experience renal scarring; this results in the worsening of renal function. Reflux nephropathy is a cause of chronic kidney disease, and VUR has also been observed in dialysis patients. VUR is a major underlying precursor condition of urinary tract infection (UTI) and is sometimes accompanied by hydronephrosis. However, there are no guidelines for the management of UTI due to VUR-associated hydronephrosis in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Herein, we report a case of UTI caused by VUR-associated hydronephrosis in a dialysis patient treated with percutaneous nephrostomy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2000

목 적 : 신우요관이행부 폐색에 의한 신생아 편측수신증의 치료는 수술요법과 대기요법 사이에서 여전히 논란의 여지를 제공하고 있다. 이는 자연경과에 대한 불확실성과 정확한 진단방법의 부재에 기인하고 있다. 이에 저자들은 수신증의 정도가 심하고 폐색이 의심되나 신기능을 잘 유지하고 있는 편측 수신증의 신장을 전향적으로 관찰하여 이의 자연경과를 이해하고자 하였다. 방 법 :지난 3년간 산전초음파로 진단된 편측수신증 환아 중, 수신증의 정도가 3등급 이상이고 이뇨성 DTPA신주사상 요로폐색을 나타내지만, 분리신기능이 $40\%$이상인 환아 5례를 대상으로 3개월마다 뇨검사, 초음파검사와 이뇨성신주사를 시행하며 추적 관찰하였다. 결 과 :평균 추적관찰 기간 15개월 동안 5례 모두에서 분리신기능의 저하 없이 추적이 가능하였으며, 수신증의 정도는 약간의 호전을 보였으며, 배설지연의 정도 또한 호전 내지는 그대로 유지가 되었다. 결 론 :중증 수신증의 신우요관이행부 폐색 환아에서 분리신기능이 좋을 경우 수신증의 정도나 배설지연의 정도에 의존한 성급한 수술적 치료는 지양되어야 하며, 분리신기능이 유지되는 한 지속적인 추적관찰을 할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.28-31
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• 2018

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is one of the common causes of hydronephrosis in infancy and childhood. Most cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction are diagnosed prenatally and are usually asymptomatic. Although less common, older children can experience ureteropelvic junction obstruction that presents with symptoms including flank or abdominal pain. Here, we present the case of a nine-year-old healthy girl who had repeated flank pain and abdominal symptoms, with mild left hydronephrosis, for several months. Computed tomography that was performed during the period of acute flank pain revealed aggravated hydronephrosis on her left kidney, which was secondary to an ureteropelvic junction obstruction. She underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty, and a crossing vessel that passed the ureteropelvic junction was identified. In addition, we reviewed the current literature of this rare entity.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2015

Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is one of the most common abnormal findings detected on prenatal ultrasound (US), and it has been reported in 1-5% of all pregnancies. The likelihood of significant postnatal pathologic abnormality in the urinary tract correlates with the degree of anterior-posterior diameter (APD) according to the gestational age. Detection of urologic anomalies prenatally permits fetal interventions that avoid complications in rare cases of bladder outlet obstruction with oligohydramnios even though their final benefits still remain controversial. There is no clear consensus on the extent and mode of postnatal imaging after a diagnosis of ANH. US is the mainstay of the postnatal evaluation and helps guide further testing with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and diuretic renography. Although most algorithms continue to recommend generous VCUG for identification of lower urinary tract anomalies, VCUG may be safely reserved for high grade ANH cases or any grade of ANH with dilated distal ureter without increasing the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). There are conflicting studies about efficacy of postnatal prophylactic antibiotics. It still seems reasonable to consider use of a prophylactic antibiotic to prevent infant UTIs in high-risk populations, such as females and uncircumcised males with high grades of hydronephrosis, hydroureteronephrosis, or vesicouretral reflux.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Purpose: Although the American Academy of Pediatrics provides clinical guidelines for urinary tract infection (UTI) infants, guidelines are not appropriate for neonates and infants less than 2 months of age due to insufficient data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of neonates and young infants less than 2 months old (group 1) with UTI compared to older infants from 2 to 12 months old (group 2). Methods: We reviewed UTI patients aged 0 to 12 months admitted to the pediatric department in the last 5 years. Clinical characteristics such as age, sex, fever duration, recurrence, progression to acute pyelonephritis (APN), malformations like hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and laboratory results were compared between group 1 and group 2. Results: 615 patients were included in this study. Group 1 had 94 cases and group 2 had 521 cases. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated pathogen in urine cultures. Fever duration was shorter in group 1 (vs.) 2 ($1.91{\pm}1.43$ days vs. $3.42{\pm}2.40$ days, P<0.05). As compared to group 2, group 1 had a higher proportion of patients with antenatal hydronephrosis and hydronephrosis found after admission (10.6% vs. 3.6% and 75.5% vs. 55.9%, P<0.05). There were differences between two groups in white blood cell (WBC) count (Group 1: $13,694{\pm}5,315/{\mu}L$, Group 2: $15,271{\pm}6,130/{\mu}L$, P<0.05) and C-reactive protein (Group 1: $32.02{\pm}35.17mg/L$, Group 2: $46.51{\pm}46.63mg/L$, P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared to older infants, UTI in neonates and young infants shows milder clinical manifestations except higher rates of hydronephrosis but outcome is alike.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.146-149
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• 2012

평소 건강했던 아이들에서 육안적 혈뇨는 드물게 나타나며, 수신증과 동반된 경우 또한 드물다. 3세 남아가 육안적 혈뇨와 배뇨통을 주소로 내원하였다. 소변검사에서 농뇨, 혈뇨 보였으나 소변 배양 검사에서 균이 배양되지 않았으며, 혈액검사와 신체 검진상에서는 특이 소견 관찰되지 않았다. 초음파 검사상 양쪽 수신증과 함께 방광 벽이 두꺼워진 소견 보였다. 배뇨 요도 방광 조영술상 방광 요관 역류는 관찰되지 않았으나 방광 벽 비후가 심했으며, 방광 용적이 줄어들고 모양이 찌그러져있었다. 진단 후 ceftriaxone을 2주간 치료하였다. 항생제 치료 일주일 후 혈뇨 소실되어 초음파 검사를 다시 시행하였고 양쪽 수신증의 호전과 방광 용적 및 모양이 정상으로 호전됨을 관찰하였다. 환아의 배뇨통 증상도 호전되어 퇴원하였다. 외래 추적 관찰 중에 역류 검사 재 시행하였으며 정상 소견 보였다. 육안적 혈뇨 및 현미경적 혈뇨는 더 이상 관찰되지 않았다. 본 저자들은 육안적 혈뇨를 보인 소아에서 양측성 수신증을 동반한 방광염 1례를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2005

This study was performed to validate the procedure of transarterial embolization of the renal artery (TAE-RA) and sclerotherapy of renal pelvis using iohexol-ethanol solution in dogs with unilateral experimental hydronephrosis. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced by unilateral ureter ligation for 20 days in five Beagle dogs. Renal artery embolization with iohexol-ethanol solution was performed using selective catheterization technique in the hydronephrotic kidney and sclerotherapy was done by injection of the iohexol-ethanol solution through percutaneously placed pig-tail catheter. EKG, $SpO_2$ body temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were within normal ranges during procedures. Average pure ethanol dose for renal artery embolization was $1.1\pm0.3ml/kg$. Renal artery embolization was confirmed by the detection of no blood flow signal at the interlobar and arcuate artery using color Doppler ultrasonography. There were no dogs expired after TAE-RA and sclerotherapy and no side effects associated with regurgitation of iohexol-ethanol solution. The value of BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, Ca, P in five dogs were within normal range during the experiment period. Ultrasonographically, the mean longitudinal and transverse length and the depth of the embolized kidney significantly decreased at 28 days after TAE-RA. We may conclude that TAE-RA and sclerotherapy with iohexol-ethanol solution is an effective methods for the treatment of unilateral hydronephrosis in dogs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1213-1218
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• 2002

목 적: 산전초음파 검사로 진단되는 태아기 기형 중 수신증이 많은 비율을 차지하고 있으나, 출생 후 대부분이 무증상이나 이에 대한 예후의 판단에 자연 경과의 관찰은 중요하다. 이에 저자들은 산전 초음파로 진단된 신생아 수신증의 추적 관찰을 통하여, 그 원인 질환의 빈도와 그에 따른 자연 경과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1992년 4월부터 11월까지 경희대학교병원에서 산전 초음파 검사로 수신증으로 진단 받고 출생 후 3-7일 내에 실시한 초음파 검사에서 수신증으로 진단된 23명의 신생아(36 renal units)를 대상으로 수신증의 원인을 분석하고, 이중 신우요관이행부 폐색과 기질적 병변이 없었던 경우의 수신증은 12-24개월 동안 추적 관찰하여 경과를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 23명의 신생아 중 수신증은 양측인 경우가 12명, 우측 4명, 좌측 7명이었으며, 그 원인 질환으로는 기질적 병변이 없는 경우가 16례(44%), 신우요관 이행부 폐색이 14례(39%), 방광요관역류가 3례(8%) 였으며, 다낭성이형성신, 방광요관 역류와 요관협착을 동반한 신우요관이행부 폐색, 방광요관역류를 동반한 요관방광이행부 폐색이 각각 1례씩이었다. 추적 관찰한 출생 후 수신증의 정도는 이환 된 30개의 신장 중 경증인 경우가 26례(87%), 중등증인 경우가 4례(13%)로 대부분이 경증으로 나타났으며, 추적 관찰기간 12-24개월 동안 수신증이 자연 소실된 예는 6례(20%), 수신증이 호전중인 경우는 15례(50%), 수신증이 악화되어 기저 질환 수술 후 호전된 경우는 2례(7%), 추적 관찰 실패한 경우는 7례(23%)였다. 자연 소실되거나 호전 중인 수신증은 처음 진단 시 경증 19례, 중등증 2례였으며, 악화되어 수술을 시행한 경우는 처음진단 시 경증 1례, 중등증 1례였다. 결 론 : 산전 초음파 진단으로 수신증을 보인 경우, 기질적 원인으로 가장 많은 원인은 신우요관이행부 폐색 이었으며, 출생 시 경증으로 진단된 수신증은 자연 호전되거나 소실되는 경우가 많으나, 추적 관찰 시 악화되어 수술이 필요한 경우도 있으므로 장기간에 걸친 주의 깊은 추적 관찰이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2017

A 21-year-old male visited our emergency room. He could not remember the mechanism of injury. He was found beside a motorcycle. Initial vital sign was stable. Observation and conservative treatment were planned at the intensive care unit (ICU). On the third day at ICU, he complained sudden flank pain. It was colicky and hard to control. Without the pain, he had no specific symptom, sign, or laboratory findings. On computed tomography, renal pelvis was filled with hematoma which induced hydronephrosis. Double-J catheter and percutaneous nephrostomy was implemented by an intervention radiologist. Hematome in the renal pelvis was aspirated during the procedure. Symptom of the patient was subsided after the procedure. He was discharged without specific complications.