• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1996

수소액화를 위한 직접냉각장치를 개발하고, 이의 성능특성을 시험하였다. 직접냉각장치는 액화용기, 복사쉴드, 저온조와 GM냉동기 등으로 구성하였다. 개발된 액화장치의 cool-down 및 warm-up특성이 상세하게 규명되었다. 본 냉각장치에서 냉각이 시작된지 약 45분 후, 액화용기내의 수소가 액화되기 시작함을 확인하였다. 또한 동일한 실험을 기체헬륨에 대하여 수행하였으며, 기체헬륨은 주어진 작동조건에서 액화되지 않으므로 수소의 경우와는 다른 cool-down 및 warm-up 특성을 보였다. 충전된 기체의 자연대류현상의 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 액화용기내에 진공상태를 유지하면서 시험하였다. 이때 진공상태에서의 액화용기의 냉각시간은 현저히 증가함을 보였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1997

Thermal analysis has been performed to design a high-performance $LH_2$ vessel with about 1% per day evaporation loss. Analysis includes the combined insulations of MLI(Multi-Layer Insulation) and VCS (Vapor-Cooled Shield) under high vacuum. Combined insulation of MLI and VCS shows the existence of optimal location of VCS to minimize evaporation loss. Comparison of parallel-type DVCS (Double Vapor-Cooled Shield) and serial-type DVCS is also made to show the effectiveness of the system. The results indicate that the serial-type DVCS vessel is better than the parallel-type DVCS vessel with respect to overall evaporation loss. The combined insulation of SVCS (Single Vapor-Cooled Shield) with a partial MLI can give a similar performance characteristics compared to that with MLI and DVCS.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 가스압력을 고려할 때 수소가스 저장용기(Type 1)의 거동특성을 평가하기 위해 ISO 18119의 노치형상에 따라 수소가스 저장용기에서 발생한 VMS(von Mises stress)을 유한요소법으로 해석하였다. 해석결과에 따르면 길이방향 노치에서 발생한 최대 VMS가 원주방향 노치보다 높게 발생하였다. 또한, 저장용기의 거동시 발생한 응력을 VMS와 재료의 항복강도 비인 응력비로 분석하였다. 해석결과에 따르면 노치가 길이방향으로 형성된 저장용기의 경우 가스압력 50 MPa에서 저장용기 내부와 외부가 각각 0.85와 0.50로 증가하였으나 1보다 낮게 분석되었다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2021

Cryogenic vessels are special equipment that requires periodic evaluation of their thermal insulation performance. At the current standard, the test is considered as the loss product or heat leakage of cryogenic vessel, which takes over 72 h to evaluate; consequently, a large amount of working medium is discharged to the environment in the process. However, hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and the discharged gas may be dangerous. If liquid hydrogen is replaced with liquid nitrogen before testing, the operation then becomes complicated, and the loss product or heat leakage cannot respond to the thermal insulation performance of cryogenic vessels for liquid hydrogen. Therefore, a novel method is proposed to evaluate the heat leakage of cryogenic vessels for liquid hydrogen in self-pressurization. In contrast to the current testing methods, the method proposed in this study does not require discharge or exchange of working medium in all test processes. The proposed method is based on one-dimensional heat transfer analysis of cryogenic vessels, which is verified by experiment. When this method is used to predict the heat leakage, the comparison with the experimental data of the standard method shows that the maximum error of heat leakage is less than 5.0%.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.215-218
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• 2014

High combustion efficiency of hydrogen could make it an ideal source of green energy in the future. At this time, high pressure vessel is the most reasonable method of storing hydrogen. However, such a high pressurized vessel could pose a critical threat if ruptured. For this reason, it is important to understand the mechanism of hydrogen's self-ignition when a high-pressure hydrogen released into air. This paper presents several visualization images as experimental results using high-speed camera. From the visualization images, the ignition is initiated near rupture disk immediately after failure of disk. And the initial ignition and flame is stronger as a rupture pressure increases. However, this ignition region do not affect the general self-ignition mechanism when a high-pressure hydrogen is released into air through tue after failure of disk.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.617-648
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• 2009

Under the government supported long-term nuclear R&D program, the severe accident research program at KAERI is directed to investigate unresolved severe accident issues such as core debris coolability, steam explosions, and hydrogen combustion both experimentally and numerically. Extensive studies have been performed to evaluate the in-vessel retention of core debris through external reactor vessel cooling concept for APR1400 as a severe accident management strategy. Additionally, an improvement of the insulator design outside the vessel was investigated. To address steam explosions, a series of experiments using a prototypic material was performed in the TROI facility. Major parameters such as material composition and void fraction as well as the relevant physics affecting the energetics of steam explosions were investigated. For hydrogen control in Korean nuclear power plants, evaluation of the hydrogen concentration and the possibility of deflagration-to-detonation transition occurrence in the containment using three-dimensional analysis code, GASFLOW, were performed. Finally, the integrated severe accident analysis code, MIDAS, has been developed for domestication based on MELCOR. The data transfer scheme using pointers was restructured with the modules and the derived-type direct variables using FORTRAN90. New models were implemented to extend the capability of MIDAS.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2020

A reformer is a device for producing hydrogen used in fuel cells. Among them, methanol steam reformer uses methanol as fuel, which is present as a liquid at room temperature. It has the advantage of low operating temperature, high energy density, and high hydrogen production. The purpose of this study is to improve the internal flow of the pressure vessel when a bundle of methanol steam reformer in the pressure vessel goes out to a single outlet. An analysis of equilibrium reaction to methanol steam reforming reaction was conducted using Aspen HYSYS^® (Aspen Technology Inc., Bedford, USA), and based on the results, computational analysis was conducted using ANSYS Fluent^® (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, USA). For comparison of the results, the height of the pressure vessel, outlet diameter, and fillet was set as variables, and the optimum geometry was selected by comparing the effects of gravity and the amount of negative pressure.

• Composites Research
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2022

수소가스용 압력용기의 안전성 평가를 위해 다양한 내구성 시험이 요구된다. 고온 정압 시험은 고압(875 bar) 하에 고온(85℃ 이상)에서 장시간(1,000시간) 유지하여 수소 용기의 내구성을 시험하는 방법이며 승용차용 용기에 한정되어 있다. 하지만 대용량 수소버스용 용기와 관련된 고온 정압 시험의 국제 기준은 논의 초기 단계이며, 시험의 효율성 및 신뢰성 측면에서 가속시험 기준 제시 등의 현실적 보완이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수소버스용 내압용기의 고온 정압 시험 기준을 정립하기 위해 열적환경에 노출된 내압용기 복합재의 기계적 물성평가를 진행하였다. 복합재의 인장강도는 수지의 유리전이온도에 가까워질수록 수지의 열화로 인해 강도가 감소한다. 또한 장시간 유지 시 수지의 후경화로 인해 인장강도의 재상승을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 대용량 수소버스용 압력용기의 고온 정압 시험은 탄소섬유 복합재의 에폭시 수지 물성을 바탕으로 시험 조건을 설정해야 한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

The diffusion effect of simulated gastric juices into the various alginate vessel containing each biopolymer such as 0.3% soluble starch, whey, corn starch, agar, locust bean gum, guar gum, gum arabic, pectin, gelatin and 0.15% xanthan gum was tested by measuring the change of pH in the vessel. The degree of viability of bifidobacteria entrapped in each bead containing biopolymers was corresponded with the degree of diffusion inhibition of hydrogen into the each vessel. Therefore, The determination of diffusion inhibition of simulated gastric juices into the various vessel by measuring the change of pH in the vessel may be effectively used as the simple method to select the optimal entrapment lattice for the improvement of bifidobacteria viability. Bifidobacteria entrapped in alginate bead containing 0.15% xanthan gum whose lattice showed the lowest hydrogen diffusion were more significantly tolerant against bile salts and hydrogen peroxide than untrapped bifidobacteria. It was also observed that the viability of bifidobacteria entrapped in bead was nto nearly changed in milk adjusted pH 4.5 with organic adids at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Therefore, use of alginate containing 0.15% xanthan gum as a cell matrix for entrapping bifidobacteria was expected to improve the viability of bididobacteria in fermented milk products and develop the high value-added products.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2021

수소충전소의 빠른 확장 및 설치와 동시에 수소충전소의 고압수소 충전 압력용기에 대한 안전 검사가 매우 중요하게 이루어져야 한다. 이 중 ASME에 따르면 일정 압력 이상의 수소를 보관하는 용기에 대해서는 수소 취성 검사를 반드시 해야 한다. 수소취성 검사의 주된 시험방법으로 고압의 수소분위기에서 파괴시험 및 피로 파괴시험을 실시해야 하며, 이를 통해 수소 분위기에서 압력용기의 내구한계를 측정하고, 사용한계를 결정하도록 되어 있다. 세부적으로 stress intensity factor(K)로부터 한계균열깊이를 계산하고, da/dN(피로성장율)로부터 사용수명을 결정할 수 있다. API579-1/ ASME FFS-1 part 9에서 crack-like flaws의 모드에 따른 계산방법을 예시하고 있으나, 플레이트, 실린더 등 다양한 형태의 형상에 대하여 균열의 형상, 위치 등에 의하여 대략 55개 모드가 있고, 상당히 복잡한 수식으로 인하여 쉽게 접근을 못한다. 본 연구에서는 엑셀 및 VBA를 통하여 수치해석적으로 파괴역학계산하는 방법을 소개하고자 한다. 또한, 이를 적용하여 압력용기의 두께와 내경이 수명에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보았다.