• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2020

The present and future cities are expanding, and the noise and environmental pollution in cities are getting worse day by day, causing saturation of road and subway traffic. As a result, citizens are spending a great deal of time and money. The use of the sky as a measure to solve this problem has become a reality. However, airplanes that require airstrips and noisy helicopters are difficult to use in cities. As a solution, PAVs and UAMs that generate low noise and enable vertical takeoff and landing using electric energy, motor, hybrid, and hydrogen energy, are attracting attention, with its practicality being promoted in many countries. The development of urban environment and technology has led to the emergence of Personal Air Vehicle (PAV), Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL), and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) for shipping. Though currently at the level of testing, general commercialization of these air transport means is expected in the next five to fifteen years. This study suggests a plan on the application of human factors to the introduction of PAV and UAM.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.514-524
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• 2022

Carbon emissions from fuel consumption have been pointed by scientists as the cause of global warming. In particular, fossil fuels are known to emit more carbon when burned than other types of fuels. In this regard, International Maritime Organization has announced a regulation plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, recently, Liquefied Natural Gas propulsion ships are responding to such carbon reduction regulation. However, from a long-term perspective, it is necessary to use carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Nitrogen oxides might be generated during ammonia combustion. There is a possibility that incompletely burned ammonia is discharged. Therefore, rather than being used as a direct fuel, Ammonia is only used to reduce NO_X such as urea solution in diesel vehicle Selective Catalyst Reduction. Currently, LPG vehicle fuel feed system studies have evaluated the durability of combustion injectors and fuel tanks in ammonia environment. However, few studies have been conducted to apply ammonia as a ship fuel. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate corrosion damage that might occur when ammonia is used as a propulsion fuel on ships.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

최근 무인기에 대한 관심과 수요가 높아지고 있는 가운데, 가동범위가 넓고 전략적으로 활용이 많은 고고도장기체공 무인기의 동력원개발이 연구 목표로 검토되었다. 기존 왕복동 엔진에 수소 연료를 적용하는 기술은 현행으로써 적용성이 용이하고 경제적이다. 수소는 중량당 에너지 밀도가 높아서 한 번 충전으로 장시간 운항을 지속할 수 있고 환경적인 측면에서도 무공해 연료라는 긍정적인 부분이 존재하기 때문에 적합하다고 평가된다. 하지만 현재 수소연료를 왕복동 엔진에 적용한 개발사례가 적은 편이라 향후 기술적으로 많은 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 항공기는 운항고도에 따라 공기밀도 저감으로 인한 냉각성능 저하 또는 복사열 감소에 의한 주변온도 강하로 과냉각이 될 수 있는 요인들이 존재한다. 따라서 본 실험은 냉각수온을 변화시켜서 이러한 주변온도 변화가 수소연료 엔진에 미치는 연소특성에 대해 살펴보았다. 역화에 의한 안정적인 운전 영역의 제한은 냉각수 온도변화에 의한 영향보다 공기과잉률에 의한 영향이 지배적으로 나타났으며, 냉각수 온도가 증가할 경우 충진효율이 감소하여 토크가 감소하고 냉각수 온도가 감소할 경우 열손실이 증가하여 열효율이 감소하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

This study was aimed at determining the changes in heavy metal removal efficiency at different acid concentrations in a micro-nanobubble soil washing system and pickling process that is used to dispose of heavy metals. For this purpose, the initial and final heavy metal concentrations were measured to calculate the heavy metal removal efficiency 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min into the experiment. Soil contaminated by heavy metals and extracted from 0~15 cm below the surface of a vehicle junkyard in the city of U was used in the experiment. The extracted soil was air-dried for 24 h, after which a No. 10 (2 mm) was used as a filter to remove large particles and other substances from the soil as well as to even out the samples. As for the operating conditions, the air inflow rate in the micro-nano bubble soil washing system was fixed at 2 L/min,; with the concentration of hydrogen peroxide being adjusted to 5%, 10%, or 15%. The treatment lasted 120 min. The results showed that when the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 5%, the efficiency of Zn removal was 27.4%, whereas those of Ni and Pb were 28.7% and 22.8%, respectively. When the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 10%, the efficiency of Zn removal was 38.7%, whereas those of Ni and Pb were 42.6% and 28.6%, respectively. When the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 15%, the efficiency of Zn removal was 49.7%, whereas those of Ni and Pb were 57.1% and 42.6%, respectively. Therefore, the efficiency of removal of all three heavy metals was the highest when the hydrogen peroxide concentration was 15%.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2024

연구목적: 이 연구는 서울시 10개 수소충전소의 공간적 접근성 분석을 실시하고, 접근이 어려운 지역을 식별하였다. 입지의 형평성과 안전성 측면에서 신규 입지를 추가하여 접근성을 분석을 다시 수행한 후, 개선 효과 비교를 통해 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: ArcGIS 프로그램의 네트워크 분석 기반의 입지배분(Location-Allocation) 모형과 이용권역(Service Area) 모형을 적용하여 접근이 취약한 지역을 식별하였다. 입지선정 방분석 기반의 입지배분(Location-Allocation) 모형과 이용권역(Service Area) 모형을 적용하여 접근이 취약한 지역을 식별하였다. 입지선정 방법은 부족한 수소충전소에 신속한 도착이 필요한 점을 고려하여 '최소시설 수로 최대수요를 확보하도록 함(Minimize Facilities)' 방법을 적용하였다. 특정한 시간 내의 도착을 위한 한계 거리는 서울시 2022년 평균 차량통행속도(23.1km/h, 서울시 열린데이터 광장)를 적용하여 10분 이동가능 거리인 3,850m과 5,775m(15분) 그리고 7,700m(20분)의 세 가지로 분하여 분석하였다. 신규 입지는 수소충전소 설치에 대한 갈등을 최소화하기 위하여 산업통상자원부의 특례기준1)을 적용하여 기존의 주유소, LPG/CNG 충전소 중에서 수소충전소 추가 설치가 가능한 후보지를 도출하였다. 연구결과: 분석 결과, 최종적으로 상세 현황 검토를 통해 추가 후보지 5개소가 도출되었다. 기존 10개의 수소충전소에 20분 이내 접근이 취약한 지역을 중심으로 상대적으로 안전한 기존 주유소와 LPG/CNG 충전소에 신규 수소충전소 5개소를 설치하면 접근성이 크게 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 접근이 어려운 지역이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 입지배분모형을 이용하여 수소충전소 접근이 어려운 지역을 식별하고, 설치의 우선순위를 부여한다면 과학적 근거 기반 수소충전소 입지 선정을 위한 의사결정을 지원할 수 있다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.103-120
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• 2010

우주비행체 궤도기동 및 자세제어용 추력기의 개발역사를 조명하고 성능특성을 분석하며, 발사체의 단별 3축 제어에 관계하는 TVC, Gimbal, 추력기 등의 실재 활용현황을 평가한다. 우주발사체 최종 단은 탑재체의 정확한 궤도투입을 위하여 정밀한 3축 자세제어 시스템을 포함하여야 한다. 하이드라진 추력기는 양호한 성능특성과 높은 신뢰도를 배경으로 현재 운용중인 발사체 자세제어 시스템의 대부분을 점유하고 있다. 중형급 하이드라진 추력기에 대한 국내의 설계개발과 기술축적 현황에 관해서도 간략히 소개한다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2005

기존 발사체 시스템의 성능을 향상시키는 방법의 하나로 액체산소와 액체수소와 같은 극저온 추진제를 고밀도화하는 기술이 최근 활발히 개발되고 있다. 극저온 추진제 고밀도화를 통하여 발사체에서 추진제의 질량분율을 높임으로 보다 큰 유상하중을 괘도에 진입시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 극저온 추진제 고밀도화의 원리 및 최근 기술동향을 소개한다. 주로 액체산소의 고밀도화에 초점을 맞추어 여러 고밀도화 방법들에 대해서 소개하였다. 고밀도화된 극저온 추진제를 탑재한 발사체의 엔진 및 발사체 전체 성능해석 결과를 통하여, 발사체 시스템의 성능 향상을 정량적으로 소개하였다 또한 향후 극저온 추진제 고밀도화 기술의 국내 위성발사체 적용을 위한 방안을 간략히 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) show great potential to reduce gas emission, improve fuel efficiency and offer more driving range flexibility. Moreover, PHEV help to preserve the eco-system, climate changes and reduce the high demand for fossil fuels. To address this; some basic components and energy resources have been used, such as batteries and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). However, the FC remains unsatisfactory in terms of power density and response. In light of the above, an electric storage system (ESS) seems to be a promising solution to resolve this issue, especially when it comes to the transient phase. In addition to the FC, a storage system made-up of an ultra-battery UB is proposed within this paper. The association of the FC and the UB lead to the so-called Fuel Cell Battery Electric Vehicle (FCBEV). The energy consumption model of a FCBEV has been built considering the power losses of the fuel cell, electric motor, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and brakes. To do so, the implementing a reinforcement-learning energy management strategy (EMS) has been carried out and the fuel cell efficiency has been optimized while minimizing the hydrogen fuel consummation per 100km. Within this paper the adopted approach over numerous driving cycles of the FCBEV has shown promising results.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.48-48
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• 2010

Sound quality and NVH-issues(Noise, Vibration and Harshness) of vehicles has become very important for car manufacturers. It is interpreted as among the most relevant factors regarding perceived product quality, and is important in gaining market advantage. The general sound quality of vehicles was gradually improved over the years. However, today the development cycles in the automotive industry are constantly reduced to meet the customers' demands and to react quickly to market needs. In addition, new drive and fuel concepts, tightened ecological specifications, increase of vehicle classes and increasing diversification(increasing market for niche vehicles), etc. challenge the acoustic engineers trying to develop a pleasant, adequate, harmonious passenger cabin sound. Another aspect concerns the general pressure for reducing emission and fuel consumption, which lead to vehicle weight reductions through material changes also resulting in new noise and vibration conflicts. Furthermore, in the context of alternative powertrains and engine concepts, the new objective is to detect and implement the vehicle sound, tailored to suit the auditory expectations and needs of the target group. New questions must be answered: What are appropriate sounds for hybrid or electric vehicles? How are new vehicle sounds perceived and judged? How can customer-oriented, client-specific target sounds be determined? Which sounds are needed to fulfil the driving task, and so on? Thus, advanced methods and tools are necessary which cope with the increasing complexity of NVH-problems and conflicts and at the same time which cope with the growing expectations regarding the acoustical comfort. Moreover, it is exceedingly important to have already detailed and reliable information about NVH-issues in early design phases to guarantee high quality standards. This requires the use of sophisticated simulation techniques, which allow for the virtual construction and testing of subsystems and/or the whole car in early development stages. The virtual, testing is very important especially with respect to alternative drive concepts(hybrid cars, electric cars, hydrogen fuel cell cars), where complete new NVH-problems and challenges occur which have to be adequately managed right from the beginning. In this context, it is important to mention that the challenge is that all noise contributions from different sources lead to a harmonious, well-balanced overall sound. The optimization of single sources alone does not automatically result in an ideal overall vehicle sound. The paper highlights modern and innovative NVH measurement technologies as well as presents solutions of recent NVH tasks and challenges. Furthermore, future prospects and developments in the field of automotive acoustics are considered and discussed.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2005년도 수소연료전지공동심포지움 2005논문집
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• pp.201-206
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• 2005

본 연구는 기 개발 완료된 천연가스차량용 200bar급 Type 3 복합재 압력용기를 개발로 축척된 핵심요소기술과 실질적인 경험을 바탕으로 수소연료전지 차량에 탑재할 350bar급 Type 3 복합재 압력용기에 대한 설계/해석과 시험평가의 핵심적인 사항을 고찰하였다. 설계/해석에는 350bar급 Type 3 복합재 압력용기에 대한 3차원 비선형 유한요소 모델링 및 해석기법이 제시되었고, 설계된 라이너형상과 와인딩 패턴을 이용하여 필라멘트 와인딩 공법으로 1차시제품을 제작하였다. 제작된 시제품에 대하여 파열시험 및 반복피로시험을 수행하여 설계/해석 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다.