• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2015

The efficiency of a powertrain system of hybrid vehicle is highly dependent on the design and control of the hybrid powertrain system. In other words, the optimal design of the powertrain systems is coupled with optimal control of the powertrain system. Therefore, the solution of an optimal design problem for hybrid vehicles is computationally and timely very expensive. For example, dynamic programming, which is a recursive optimization method, is usually used to evaluate the best fuel economy of certain hybrid vehicle design, and, thus, the evaluation takes tens of minutes to several hours. This research aims to accelerate the speed of efficiency evaluation of hybrid vehicles. We suggest a mathematical treat and a methodological treat to reduce the computational load. The mathematical treat is that the dynamics of system is discretized with sparse sampling time without loss of energy balance. The methodological treat is that the efficiency of the hybrid vehicle is inferred by characteristic loss evaluation that is computationally inexpensive. With the suggested methodology, evaluating a design candidate of hybrid powertrain system is taken few minutes, which was taken several hours when dynamic programming is used.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.960-968
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• 2009

This paper presents a design optimization process for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) for hybrid electric compressors (HEC) which are applied to hybrid electrical vehicles. A hybrid electric compressor is composed of an electric motor driving section and an engine driving section which is connected to the engine by a pulley belt. A hybrid electric compressor driving motor requires half of the full driving power of a compressor. Even though an engine is not operated at the idling stop mode, the electric motor drives the air-conditioner compressor by itself so that the air conditioning system can produce its minimum cooling capacity. In this paper, the design optimization of an IPMSM for a 42 (V) applied voltage system is studied using the design of experiment (DOE) and response surface method (RSM) of 6sigma. The driving characteristics of this motor drive system are measured and analyzed by experiment.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제9A권4호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2002

최근의 내장형 시스템은 유연성을 유지하고 시간 제약사항을 만족하기 위해서 일반적인 프로세서와 FPGA와 같은 재구성 가능한 부품을 결합하는 Hybrid 시스템을 사용하는 추세이다. 이러한 내장형 시스템은 구축하는 설계 시간을 단축하여 짧은 시간 안에 시장에 진입하는 것이 아주 중요하다. 새로이 주목받고 있는 연구분야인 설계공간탐색은 실제 시스템을 제작하지 않고도 시스템 수준에서 어플리케이션의 성능을 분석하여 최소의 비용으로 시스템에서 요구하는 제약사항을 만족하는 구조를 예측하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 Hybrid 내장형 시스템의 설계공간탐색을 위한 시간분석 시뮬레이터를 선계하고 구현하였다. 시스템 설계변수를 변화하면서 정량적인 성능 데이타를 이용하여 설계공간 탐색을 가능하게 하는 Y-Chart 방법을 Hybrid 시스템의 경우에 적용하여 시뮬레이터를 확장 구현하였으며, 기존의 소프트웨어 시간 분석 도구 및 하드웨어 시간분석도구를 활용한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 시간분석 시뮬레이터는 Hybrid 내장형 시스템의 설계 비용과 시간을 현저하게 줄이면서, 최적의 하드웨어 구성을 찾는 설계공간탐색의 핵심 모듈로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

A hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system with a smart damper has been proposed to mitigate seismic responses of tall buildings. Based on previous research, a hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system can provide effective control performance for reduction of seismic responses of tall buildings. Structural design of the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system is generally performed after completion of structural design of a building structure. This design concept is called as an iterative design which is a general design process for structures and control devices. In the iterative design process, optimal design solution for the structure and control system is changed at each design stage. To solve this problem, the integrated optimal design method for the hybrid mid-story seismic isolation system and building structure was proposed in this study. An existing building with mid-story isolation system, i.e. Shiodome Sumitomo Building, was selected as an example structure for more realistic study. The hybrid mid-story isolation system in this study was composed of MR (magnetorheological) dampers. The stiffnessess and damping coefficients of the example building, maximum capacity of MR damper, and stiffness of isolation bearing were simultaneously optimized. Multi-objective genetic optimization method was employed for the simultaneous optimization of the example structure and the mid-story seismic isolation system. The optimization results show that the simultaneous optimization method can provide better control performance than the passive mid-story isolation system with reduction of structural materials.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

This paper describes the preliminary design procedure for the hybrid propulsion system. For a given mission defined by velocity increment, the design of a polyethylene/LOX hybrid rocket was implemented. In addition, Seven-cluster multi-port fuel-grain was considered. After determining the system size including the combustion chamber, the performance parameters such as specific impulse, thrust, characteristic velocity, and thrust coefficient can be predicted by using empirical regression rate correlation, though most of preliminary design code assume constant regression rate. The results of the performance prediction indicated that besides the widely used HTPB/LOX, polyethylene/LOX hybrid motor can be a viable alternative to the more widely used SRMs.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2007

This paper presents guideline for a practical design of the hybrid system combining a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine. Design of the hybrid system based on a virtually designed gas turbine was simulated using models for off-design operation of the gas turbine. Two system configurations, with different method for supplying reforming steam, are considered and their design characteristics are compared. A higher design cell temperature provides better system performance. However, there exists a maximum allowable design cell temperature because the operating point of the compressor approaches the surge point with increasing fuel cell temperature. Increased pressure loss at the fuel cell moves the compressor operating point toward the surge point and reduces system performance.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.401-408
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• 2006

An optimum design method for hybrid control systems is proposed in this study. By considering both active and passive control systems as a combined or a hybrid system, the optimization of the hybrid system can be achieved simultaneously. In the proposed approach, we consider design parameters of active control devices and the elements of the feedback gain matrix as design variables for the active control system. Required quantity of the added dampers are also treated as design variables for the passive control system. In the proposed method, the cost of both active and passive control devices, the required control efforts and dynamic responses of a target structure are selected as objective functions to be minimized. To effectively address the multi-objective optimization problem, we adopt a preference-based optimization model and apply a genetic algorithm as a numerical searching technique. As an example to verify the validity of the proposed optimization technique, a wind-excited 20-storey building with hybrid control systems is used and the results are presented.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2018

Energy-based methodology is utilized to design novel timber-steel hybrid core wall system. The timber-steel core wall system consists of cross laminated timber (CLT), steel columns, angled brackets and t-stub connections. The CLT wall panels are stiff and strong, and ductility is provided through the steel t-stub connections. The structural system was modelled in SAP2000 finite element program. The hybrid system is explained in detail and validated using first principles. To evaluate performance of the hybrid core system, a 7-story building was designed using both forced-based design and energy based design (EBD) approaches. Performance of the structure was evaluated using 10 earthquakes records selected for 2500 return period and seismicity of Vancouver. The results clearly served as a good example of the benefits of EBD compared to conventional forced based design approaches.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-70
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• 2012

To enhance cable stiffness, this paper proposed a combined application of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and steel materials, resulting in a novel type of hybrid stay cable system especially for the cable-stayed bridges with main span lengths of 1400~2800 m. In this combination, CFRP materials can conserve all their advantages such as light weight and high strength; while steel materials help increase the equivalent stiffness to compensate for the low elastic modulus of CFRP materials. An increase of the equivalent stiffness of the hybrid stay cable system could be further obtained with a reasonable increase of its safety factor. Following this concept, a series of parametric studies for the hybrid stay cable system with the consideration of stiffness and cost were carried out. Three design strategies/criteria, namely, best equivalent stiffness with a given safety factor, highest ratio of equivalent stiffness to material cost with a given safety factor, and best equivalent stiffness under a given cost were proposed from the stiffness and cost viewpoints. Finally, a comprehensive design procedure following the proposed design strategies was suggested. It was shown that the proposed hybrid stay cable system could be a good alternative to the pure CFRP or traditional steel stay cables in the future applications of super long span bridges.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2003

초소형 공중발사용 발사체를 위한 HTPB/LOX 조합의 하이브리드 모터의 적용 가능성검토와, 기초설계를 실시하였다. 설계검증을 위하여 Pegasus XL의 자료를 사용하여 설계결과를 비교하였고, 하이브리드 모터의 평균 비추력이 330sec일 때 고체추진 발사체를 대체할수 있음을 확인하였다. 초소형 공중발사체를 위한 임무를 설정하고 기초설계를 실시하였다. 설계변수인 포트개수, 초기 산화제 플럭스, 연소실 압력의 변화에 대하여 임무제한조건을 충족시킬수 있는 비추력(Isp)의 영역을 알아내었으며, 이 영역에서 최적화를 실시 할 경우 발사체 총중량을 최소화하는 하이브리드 모터를 설계할 수 있음을 확인하였다.