• 한국인구학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.33-56
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• 2007

이 연구의 주된 목적은 국제결혼 부부 중에서 이혼한 부부의 사회인구학적 특징이 어떻게 변화하였는가를 살펴보고, 이들 부부의 연령과 교육 같은 사회인구학적 차이가 결혼 안정성에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가를 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 통계청이 발표한 1995년부터 2005년까지의 혼인 및 이혼신고자료를 사용하였다. 분석결과는 크게 세 가지로 나누어볼 수 있다. 첫째, 국제결혼 부부의 사회인구학적 특징과 차이는 외국 출신 배우자의 성별과 국적에 따라 다르다. 사회인구학적 특징과 차이는 남편이 외국 출신인가 아니면 부인이 외국 출신인가에 따라 달라질 뿐만 아니라, 외국 출신 배우자의 구체적인 출신 국가별로도 큰 차이를 보인다. 둘째, 사회인구학적 특징 중에서 연령과 학력의 상이성은 국제결혼의 결혼 안정성에 전반적으로 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 특히 연령 상이성이 교육 상이성보다 결혼 안정성에 상대적으로 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 셋째, 외국 출신 배우자의 성별과 출신국가는 사회인구학적 차이와 결혼 안정성 사이의 관계에도 영향을 미친다. 외국 출신 남편과의 국제결혼에 비해 외국 출신 부인과의 국제 결혼의 경우에 연령과 학력의 상이성이 결혼 안정성에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 크다. 특히 필리핀, 몽골, 우즈베키스탄을 제외한 외국 출신 부인의 경우에는 남편과 부인의 교육수준이 동일한 경우 결혼 안정성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 외국 출신 남편의 경우에는 남편의 교육 수준이 부인보다 높을 경우 결혼 안정성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 여성의 경제참여 증가에 따른 무급가사노동의 분담정도를 설명하고 있는 세 가지 가설을 한국 상황에서 실증적으로 검증해 보는 것이다. 이 세 가지 가설이란 기혼여성이 취업할 경우 남성배우자가 적극적으로 가사노동을 분담한다는 협조적 적응 가설, 남성배우자의 가사노동분담이 이루어지지 않아 근로기혼여성은 유급과 무급의 이중적인 노동부담에 처하게 된다는 이중노동부담 가설, 그리고 어느 한 시점에서 근로기혼여성의 이중노동부담이 나타나는 것은 사실이나 그 정도는 세대간에 달라질 수 있으며, 장기적인 추세를 관찰하면 맞벌이 남성의 가사노동분담도 역시 증가해 왔다는 적응 지체가설이다. 이상의 세 가설을 검증하기 위한 핵심 독립변수로 성별, 연령, 맞벌이 여부가, 종속변수로는 총 노동시간과 무급가사노동시간이 설정되었고, 분석자료는 1999년 통계청의 생활시간조사 원자료가 이용되었다. 연구결과, 근로기혼여성은 남성배우자에 비하여 하루 평균 100분 이상을 더 일하고 있었으며, 한국 남성들의 가사노동시간은 23-25분 정도로 여성의 5-10% 수준에 불과하여, 무급가사 노동의 분담수준이 매우 낮았음을 알 수 있었다. 또, 남성의 무급가사노동시간의 변이를 설명하기 위한 독립변수로 설정되었던 맞벌이 여부나 연령의 통계적 유의성은 찾아볼 수 없었다. 따라서, 한국의 상황에서는 협조적 적응 가설은 물론 세대간의 행위차이를 가정한 적응지체 가설도 채택될 수 없었으며, 이중노동부담가설이 근로기혼여성의 현실을 가장 잘 설명하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 취업여성의 이중노동부담을 경감시킬 수 있는 사회복지서비스 제도의 확충, 보살핌노동에 대한 보상체계 등을 제안하였으며, 시간자료를 이용한 후속연구의 방향을 제시하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1990

1. Background Women's health and their involvement in health care are essential to health for everyone. If they are ignorant, malnourished or over-worked, the health &-their families as well as their own health will suffer. Women's health depends on broad considerations beyond medicine. Among other things, it depends upon their work in farming. their subordination to their families, their accepted roles, and poor hygiene with poorly equipped housing and environmental sanitation. 2. Objectives and Contents a. The health status of rural women : physical and mental complaints, experience of pesticides intoxication, Farmer's syndrome, experiences of reproductive health problems. b. participation in and attitudes towards housework and farming c. accessibility of medical care d. status of maternal health : fertility, family planning practice. induced abortion, and maternal care 3. Research method A nationwide field survey, based on stratified random sampling, was conducted during July, 1986. Revised Cornell Medical index(68 out of 195 items). Kawagai's Farmers Syndrome Scale, and self-developed structured questionnaires were used to rural farming wives(n=2.028). aged between 26-55. 4. Characteristics of the respondents mean age : 40.2 marital status : 90.8% married mean no. of household : 4.9 average years of education : 4.7 yrs. average income of household : \235,000 average years of residence in rural area : 36.4 yrs average Working hours(household and farming) : 11 hrs. 23 min 5. Health Status of rural women a. The average number of physical and mental symptoms were 12.4, 4.7, and the rate of complaints were 22.1%, 38.8% each. revealing complaints of mental symptomes higher than physical ones. b. 65.4% of rural women complained of more than 4 symptoms out of 9, indicating farmer's syndrome. 11.9 % experienced pesticide overdue syndrome c. 57.6% of respondents experienced women-specific health problems. d. Age and education of respondents were the variables which affect on the level of their health 6. Utilization of medical services a. The number of symptoms and complaints of respondents were dependent on the distance to where the health-care service is given b. Drug store was the most commonly utilized due to low price and the distance to reach. while nurse practitioners were well utilized when there were nurse practitioner's office in their villages. c. Rural women were internalized their subordination to husbands and children, revealing they are positive(93%) in health-care demand for-them but negative(30%) for themselves d. 33.0% of respondents were habitual drug users, 4.5% were smokers and 32.3% were alcohol drinkers. and 86.3% experienced induced-abortion. But most of them(77.6%) knew that those had negative effects on health. 7. Maternal Health Care a. Practice rate of contraception was 48.1% : female users were 90.9% in permanent and 89.6% in temporary contraception b. Induced abortions were taken mostly at hospital(86.3%), while health centers(4.7%), midwiferies(4.3%). and others(4.5%) including drug stores were listed a few. The repeated numbers of induced abortion seemed affected on the increasing numbers of symptoms and complaints. c. The first pre-natal check-up during first trimester was 41.8%, safe delivery rate was 15.6%, post-natal check-up during two months after delivery. Rural women had no enough rest after delivery revealing average days of rest from home work and farming 8.3 and 17.2. d. 86.6% practised breast feeding, showing younger and more educated mothers depending on artificial milk 8. Recommendations a. To lessen the multiple role over burden housing and sanitary conditions should be improved, and are needed farming machiner es for women and training on the use of them b. Health education should begin at primary school including health behavior and living environment. c. Women should be encouraged to become policy-makers as well as administrators in the field of women specific health affairs. d. Women's health indicators should be developed and women's health surveillance system too.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1047-1059
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• 1998

Senile Dementia is one of the dispositional mental disorder which has been known to the world since Hippocratic age. It has become a wide-spread social problem all over the world because of chronic disease processes and the demands of dependent care for several years as well as improbability of treatment of it at the causal level. Essentially, life styles of the older generation differ from those of the younger generation. While the fomer is used to the patriarchal system and the spirit of filial piet and respect, the latter is pragmatized and individualized under the effects of the Western material civilization. These differences between the two generations cause conflict between family members. In particular, the pain and conflict of care-givers who take care of a totally dependent dementia patient not only is inciting to the collapse of the family union, but is expanding into a serious social problem. According to this practical difficulty, this study has tried to compare dementia care-givers' experiences inter-culturally and to help set up more proper nursing interventions, describing and explaining them through ethnographies by participant observation and in-depth interviews that enable seeing them in a more close, honest and certain way. It also tries to provide a theoetical model of nusing care for dementia patients which is proper to Korean culture. This study is composed of 12 participants (4 males, 8 females) whose ages range from 37-71 years. The relations of patients are 5 spouses(3 husbands, 2 wives), 4 daughters-in-law, 2 daughters, and 1 son-in-law. The following are the care-givers' meaning of experiences that results of the study shows. The first is "psychological conflict". It contains the minds of getting angry, reproaching, being driven to dispair, blaming oneself, giving up lives, and being afraid, hopeless, and resigned. The second is "physical, social and psychological pressure" . At this stage, care-givers are shown to be under stress of both body and soul for the lack of freedom and tiredness. They also feel constraint because they hardly cope with the care and live through others' eyes. The third is "isolation". It makes the relationship of patient care-giver to be estranged, without understanding each other. They, also, experience indifference such as being upset and left alone. The forth is "acceptance" They gradually have compassion, bear up and then adapt themselves to the circumstances they are in. The fifth is "love". Now they learn to reward the other with love. It is also shown that this stage contains the process of winning others' recognition. The final is "hope". In this stage they really want situations to go smoothly and hope everything will be O.K. These consequences enable us to summarize the principles of cue experience such as, in the early stage, negative response such as physical·psychological confusion, pain and conflict are primary. Then the stage of acceptance emerges. It is an initial positive response phase when care-givers may admit their situations. As time passes by a positive response stage emerges. At last they have love and hope. Three stages we noted above : however, there are never consistent situations. Rather it gradually comes into the stage of acceptance, repeating continuous conflict, pressure and isolation. If any interest and understanding of families or the support of surrounding society lack, it will again be converted to negative responses sooner or later. Otherwise, positive responses like hope and love can be encouraged if the family and the surroundings give active aids and understanding. After all, the principles of dementia care experiences neither stay at any stage, nor develop from negative stages to positive stages steadily. They are cycling systems in which negative responses and positive responses are constantly being converted. I would like to suggest the following based on the above conclusions : First, the systematic and planned education of dementia should be performed in order to enhance public relations. Second, a special medical treatment center which deals with dementia, under government's charge, should be managed. Third, the various studies approaching dementia care experiences result in the development of more reasonable and useful nursing guidelines.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-61
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• 1979

Two interview surveys (1976 for 800 patients, 1978 for 200 patients) and an inventory survey through medical records(1978) for epileptic patients who have registered with the Korean Epilepsy Association (Rose Club) since 1971 were carried out by trained health workers in advance of survey. The data obtained from the analysis showed as follows: 1) 35.2% of patients were born in Seoul and 70. 6% of patients born elsewhere have lived in Seoul. 2) 50-60% of patients were 15-30 years cid. 3) 33.4%, 24,6 and 24.6 of all pupils and students went to elementary, junior and senior high schools respectively. 4) 21.2% of all pupils and students had dropped out of school and 51.4% of them were away from school because of epilepsy. 5) 3.1% of all patients had no job at all and students comprised 20.9% of patients followed by clerical work, commercial business and farming with about 6% in each group.6) Reasons given for unemployment such as dismissal (4.3%), quit (27.7%), hesitation to employ (42.5%)and discontinuance of job (25.5%) were basically due to epilepsy. 7) About half(46.2%) of all patients have become Christian since the Rose Club was a voluntary agency which has been sponsored by Christians. 8) 82. 6% of patients were diagnosed as having grand mal as the most. 9) 29.4% of patients explained aura with psychomotor disturbances and 13.8% with sensory disorders. 10) 46.3% of patients were attacked with seizures when they were tired and others(11.6% and 4.9%) after excessive eating and hunger. 11) Patients suffered more seizures in spring and summer rather than in autumn and winter and most patients had attacks 1-5 times a month. 12) For etiologic reasons of epilepsy, 35.5% of patients considered it was caused by psychological stress and 11.5% by trauma. Only 1.1% of patients considered it as having hereditary components. 13) 51% of patients were slow in caring for their own illnesses. They started to reat epilepsy after spending 5 years of time from the initial seizure. Only 5.4% of patients had received the modern anti-epileptic therapy right after the nitial seizure. 14) 62.1% of patients had no therapy or irregular or incomplete treatment before registration at the Rose Club Clinic. 15) Before registration at the Rose Club, 42.4% of patients received medical care. On the other hand, 25.6% went to herb doctors and 12.5% used to go to the drugstore in order to get anti-epileptic drugs. 16) 41. 6% of patients who took anti-epileptic drugs had more or less side-effects. Indigestion was the most common. 17) For continuation of treatment, 30.3% have received treatment for more than 5 years and the evident showed that epilepsy took a longer time to be cured. 18) Regarding the medical care received 44.2% of patients were very satisfied with effective care and 26.5% felt as good. 19) For attitudes toward epilepsy. 27.0% of patients and 68.2% of patients family were pessimistic. 20) 65.9% of patients had optimistic attitudes toward effectiveness of medical care of epilepsy. 21) 64.8% of wives and husbands had better understanding and cooperative for their spouses who had epilepsy. 22) 33.3% of patients were under-treated at the place of work. 23) 70.2% of patients wished to marry when they reach childbearing age and 63% wished to have children. Through the above results it is recommended for nation-wide epilepsy control that the sound and correct health education not only from health aspect but also from welfare aspect should be planned and implemented as soon as possible.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 1976

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 식습관(食習慣)에 있어서의 부모자(父母子)의 일치도(一致度)와 또한 이 사람들의 각종(各種) 식습관(食習慣)의 경향(傾向)을 조사(調査)하여 영양교육자료(營養敎育資料)를 얻는데 그 목적(目的)이 있다. 조사대상(調査對象)은 서울시내(市內)에 거주하는 국민학교(國民學校)부터 고등학교(高等學校)까지의 남녀학생(男女學生) 1,000명(名)과 동일대상학생(同一對象學生)의 부(父)와 모(母) 2,000명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 하고, 조사방법(調査方法)은 질문지법(質問紙法)(questio nnaire)을 사용(使用)하였다. 자료(資料)는 $Chi-Square(x^2)$에 의한 상관계수(相關係數)와 백분율(百分率)로 통계처리(統計處理)하였다. 조사결과(調査結果) 얻은 결론(結論)은 다음과 같다. 1. 식습관(食習慣)에 있어서의 부모자(父母子)의 일치도(一致度) 자녀(子女)의 성별(性別), 출생순위별(出生順位別) 모두 부(父)보다 모(母)의 영향(影響)이 더 컸다. 특(特)히 성별(性別)로 볼 때 여자(女子)와 츨생순위(出生順位)로 볼 때 중간자녀(中間子女)가 모(母)와의 상관(相關)정도가 높았다. 2. 각종(各種) 식습관(食習慣)에 대(對)한 경향조사(傾向調査) 1) 기호면(嗜好面) : 성별(性別), 연령별에 상관(相關)없이 일반적(一般的)으로 다 좋아하는 식품(食品)은 쇠고기, 우유, 만두, 도마도, 오이, 상추, 시금치였고 싫어하는 식품(食品)은 돼지비계, 쇠간, 진밥 돼지고기였다. 2) 영양(營養) 및 식사행동면(食事行動面) : 주부(主婦)의 교육수준(敎育水準), 경제수준(經濟水準)이 높을수록 영양지식(營養知識), 가족(家族)의 영양(營養)에 대(對)한 관심도(關心度), 새로운 조리법(調理法)에 대(對)한 진취성(進取性)이 높았고 Food Attitudes, 음식과 보상(補償)관계는 주부(主婦)의 교육수준(敎育水準), 경제수준(經濟水準)과 무관(無關)하였다. 3) 식습관변화면(食習慣變化面) : 조사대상중(調査對象中) 식습관(食習慣)이 변(變)한 사람은 70%이상(以上)에 달(達)하였으며 변화(變化)의 원인(原因)과 시기(時期)는 결혼(結婚)이후 배우자(配偶者)의 영향(影響)이 가장 컸다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 통(通)하여 각(各) 가정(家庭)에 있어서 주부(主婦)의 자녀(子女)들에 대(對)한 올바른 영향지도(營養指導)가 얼마나 중요(重要)한가를 알 수 있었다. 또한 주부(主婦)의 교육수준(敎育水準)이 높다고 하여 자녀(子女)들에 대한 영양교육면(營養敎育面)이 모두 바람직하다고는 볼 수 없었으므로 교육(敎育)받은 여성(女性)들의 책임(責任)과 자각(自覺)이 시급히 요청(要請)됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한간호
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.51-69
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• 1992

Grief that is not acknowledged and worked through may manifest itself in some emotional, mental or physical problem. In recent years much has been learned about coping with grief which the hospice program can utilize to help family members cope with their grief. This study was carried out to determine the helpfulness of the bereavement care of Severance Hospice and to learm more about the grief response of the bereaved. The tools used to collect data were an assessment form used in the bereavement program and the Grief Experience Inventory developed by Sanders and revised and translated 'by the researcher. Data was obtained from bereaved family members(54 for the final grief assessment and 39 for the grief response assessment) receiving bereavement follow-up, from July 1989 to March 1991. Results of the study were as follows: 1. Final Grief Assessment Regarding the resolution of their grief the majority of the bereaved accepted the reality of the death of their family member, while slightly more than three-quarters were able to express their feelings toward their loss. A large majority had returned to activities of daily living well or fairly well and had reinvested their energy in a person other than the deceased. In addition, the physical condition of the majority was good or fairly good. A majority of the bereaved considered the bereavement care to be helpful and almost three-quarters were not considered to be in need of more follow-up. 2. Grief Response Assessment Age was found to have a modoerately positive correlation to appetite disturbance(r=.41, P<.Ol) and loss of vigor(r=.37, P<.Ol) A moderately positive correlation was found between the number of contacts and sleep disturbance(r=2.38, P<.01) Significant differences were found between men and women in regard to guilt(t=2.38, P<.05), social isolation(t=2.44, P<.05) and depersonalization(t=2.07, P<.05) with men having the more intense grief. Significant differences were found in the grief responses of somatization(F=5.82, P<.001), physical symptoms(F=5.87, P<.OOl), appetite disturbance(F=4.40, P<.Ol), despair(3.79, P<,Ol), anger(Fp2.83, P<.05), social isolation(F=3.61, P<.05), guilt(F=3.62, P<.05) and depersonalization (F = 2.58, P <.05). In the first six of these grief responses mothers scored highest, followed by husbands and then wives, In the grief response of guilt, daughters scored highest and on the grief response of depersonalization sons scored highest. Only one grief response, that of sleep disturbance(t= -2.19, P<.05) was found to be statistically significant, with those family members who died at home having the higher scores. Based on the results of this study several suggestions are presented as follows: 1. Since unresolived grief can have a detrimental effect on the bereaved person's mental and phys. ical health it would be good for the nurse, to include questions related to death of family members and the bereaved person's response to the grief, in her nursing assessment. And in the case of unresolved grief the nurse should encourage the person to talk with a trusted friend or counselor and express their fellings of grief. 2. A study to determine the degree of resolution of the grief of those in the bereavement program could be carried out by use of the Grief Experience Inventory early in their bereavement and again 13 months after the death of their family member. 3. A comparison of the grief response of the bereaved in the bereavement program and bereaved not in the program could be carried out using the Grief Experience Inventory. 4. After bereavement programs have been started in other hospice programs it would be good to carry out a joint study of bereavement outcomes of those in the bereavement programs.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.168-197
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• 2017

본고에서는 경주 월성북고분군에서 조영된 적석목곽분의 존재 양태의 두 측면, 즉 묘형과 집단복합묘군에 대해 고찰하였다. 적석 목곽분은 호석으로 한정된 봉분 안에 단위묘곽이 설치된 원형의 단위고분이 기본형으로, 그 묘형은 단일원분, 연접분, 다곽분으로 구분된다. 단일원분은 피장자 1인의 단장분이고, 연접분은 일반적으로 부부나 혈연관계인 가족의 합장분이다. 다곽분도 대개 최하위 랭크의 묘곽들로 구성된 합장분으로, 월성북고분군의 왕릉구역에만 존재했던 것으로 보인다. 한편 현재 조사가 진행 중인 경주 월성북고분군의 쪽샘지구에서는 미고지를 따라 고분들의 소구역 군집현상이 보인다. 이는 당시 사람들이 친연관계에 따라 소집단별로 미고지를 점유하여 그 축선 방향으로 중형급 단일원분이나 연접분을 조영하고 그 주변으로 다수의 소형분들을 위성처럼 배치하여 집단복합묘군을 형성해 나갔기 때문이다. 대릉원지구를 비롯한 경주 월성북고분군의 왕릉구역에서도 고분들은 집단복합묘군을 형성하였다. 왕릉구역의 집단복합묘군은 마립간 왕릉인 초대형 단일원분이나 왕과 왕비의 합장릉인 초대형 표형분을 주분(主墳)으로 그 주변에 대소형 고분들을 배치하여 형성되었다. 집단복합묘군의 피장자 중에는 신분이나 사회적 인격이 대등한 부부나 혈연관계의 가족이 포함되었겠지만, 고분들 사이의 랭크 차이가 현저하여 피장자 모두가 혈연관계였다고 볼 수는 없다. 집단복합묘군에 포함된 하위 랭크 고분의 피장자들은 주분 피장자 및 그 가족과 주종관계의 '소속인'들이었다고 판단된다. 경주 월성북고분군의 적석목곽분에서 보이는 이와 같은 묘형과 집단복합묘군은 신라 마립간시기 중앙의 사회집단과 그 성격을 말해준다. 앞으로 이에 대한 좀 더 정밀한 분석은 당시 신라사회의 여러 측면을 밝히는 데 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.