This reoprt intended to apprehend the principle for combustible phenomena in the environments and the prediction of its hazard in the virtual fire. So we first explained the basic machanism for the combustion, and discovered the tendency of the conbustion in the condition of the environmental factors(Humidity, Wind, Temperature) by means of some sxperiments about the wood as example.
This study was conducted to enhance graft-take ratio and quality of grafted tomato seedlings by controlling temperature and humidity during the healing and acclimatization processes. Three temperature levels ($20^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, and $26^{\circ}C$) were carried out to determine optimum temperature on four rootstocks. In addition, twelve combinations of three relative humidity levels (70%, 80%, and 90%) and four temperature levels ($17^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, and $26^{\circ}C$) were set up to evaluate the effect of relative humidity and temperature on the graft-take ratio of grafted seedlings. In the other hand, five relative humidity periods (H0, H1, H2, H3, and H4: 90% relative humidity for first 0, 1, 2, 3 and 10 days and afterwards relative humidity was reduced to 70%, respectively) were examined effect of relative humidity periods on the graft-take and quality of grafted seedlings. The higher graft-take ratios (84.0~87.4%) were showed at $23^{\circ}C$ compared to $20^{\circ}C$ and $26^{\circ}C$ in all rootstocks. Graft-take ratios decreased and number of diseased plants increased at high temperature. The graft-take ratios increased with increasing relative humidity in all temperature levels on the $3^{rd}$ and $7^{th}$ day after grafting. However, increasing relative humidity significantly increased percent of diseased plants. The graft-take ratio reduced at ($26^{\circ}C$) and ($17^{\circ}C$) temperature under all relative humidity conditions. The graft-take ratio increased with increasing period of 90% relative humidity. Maximum graft-take ratios were observed in H2 and H3 treatments. Graft-take ratio decreased with increasing 90% relative humidity for 10 days (H4). Diseased plants had not been found in H0, H1, H2, and H3 treatments. Seedling quality was improved through increasing fresh and dry weight of root, compactness, and root morphology of tomato seedlings in H2 and H3 treatments. Therefore, high relative humidity (90%) for first 2 or 3 days and afterwards reduced low relative humidity (70%) at $23^{\circ}C$ condition during healing and acclimatization promoted the graft-take and quality of grafted tomato seedlings.
In conservation treatment lacquer has been used variously as a restoration material. However, dealing with Lacquer is very difficult as it dried in high humidity that can be harmful to the base materials. Also being natural varnish, dried lacquer layer is very different from the drying condition and the quality of the lacquer. These make difficult to predict the result of drying lacquer. In this study, using the humidity control machine, firstly, the main contents of the two different type of lacquer was experimented. And these lacquers was cured in various conditions. The duration time was checked until totally hardened. After that, obtained lacquer layers was analyzed to understand optical properties. Therefore, this study made a result about the relationship between characteristics of lacquer layer and the hardening condition. As a result, duration time of the Korean lacquer drying which has average 13.4% more urushiol than the Chinese lacquer is recorded a twice or triple decrease over it of the Chinese one. And, in all types of lacquer, the higher humidity makes the faster a pace of lacquer dried. In same lacquer, the shorter the duration time of drying lacquer is much darker and glossier. However, gloss deteriorated in saturated humidity. In humidity lower than RH 70%, lacquer is not hardened in 336 hours. When the layer totally cured through long period more than 30 days, the drying lacquer is appeared high brightness and almost transparent. Thus, in lower than RH 70%, it is hard to obtain durable layer.
Eom, Chang-Deuk;Han, Yeonjung;Shin, Sang Chul;Chung, Yeong Jin;Jung, Chan Sik;Yeo, Hwanmyeong
Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
/
v.35
no.6
/
pp.50-56
/
2007
FAO standard for heat sterilization of wood, International standards for phytosanitary measures (ISPM) No.15, must meet heat-treated wood core temperature to be higher than $56^{\circ}C$ and keep the temperature for more than 30 minutes. This study was carried out to analyze the heat treatment characteristics of domestic pinewood sterilized with the FAO standard. To enhance the effectiveness of heat treatment process in mountainous district energy consumption and time required to reach target temperature were evaluated at various temperature and relative humidity conditions and moisture contents of wood. Heat-treatment of high temperature and high humidity reduced the required heating time. Lower humidity levels at same temperature reduced energy consumption per unit time. However, lower humidity levels could not reduce total energy consumption greatly because longer treatment time was required at that condition. It is necessary to estimate energy consumption and predict treatment time in dynamic heating and cooling situations, because it frequently happens not to meet optimum treatment condition due to poor surrounding climates and operation performance of heat treatment facility in real field.
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
/
v.5
no.1
/
pp.104-118
/
1995
This study was performed to evaluate factors affecting desorption of organic solvents collected on charcoal tube and to find out the optimum condition. Desorption efficiency for polar analytes was improved when several polar desorption solvents such as methanol, dimethylformamide(DMF), 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol were added to carbon disulfide($CS_2$). The best improvement was achieved when 10% dimethylformamide(DMF) in $CS_2$ was used as desorption solvent. During storage of polar analytes, recovery was greatly reduced. Especially, the recovery of cyclohexanone was decreased to 18.1 % after a month storage at $34^{\circ}C$. After two weeks storage, recovery of polar analytes was sharply decreased. Water adsorbed on charcoal interfered the recovery of polar analytes but didn't interfere that one of nonpolar solvent, toluene. When 10% DMF in $CS_2$ was used as desorption solvent, the effect of water on recovery was decreased, comparing with Desorption efficiency increased when analyte loading increased, and usage of 10% DMF in $CS_2$ decreased the loading effect. Increasing volume of desorption solvent was not effective to improve desorption efficiency of analytes when 10% DMF was used. Continuous shaking and sonication is not helpful to increase the desorption efficiency of analytes except cyclohexanone using 10% DMF. When silica gel used as adsorbent, methanol was better desorbent than dimethylsulfoxide. Analytes adsorbed on silica gel showed high recovery in low concentration and less affected by humidity. On the basis of this study, the following conclusions have been drawn. To improve the recovery of polar organic materials in air samples, it is necessary to analyze samples as soon as possible after they were collected. Otherwise, samples must be stored at low temperature. Using two components of desorption solvents, such as 10% DMF in $CS_2$, the effects of loading and humidity decreased for polar analytes such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone. When work place has high humidity with low concentration of polar organic solvents, silica gel can be used as adsorbent, because it produces quantitative recovery for polar analytes at this condition. But it should be noted that high humidity makes breakthrough easy in silica gel samples.
Protected vegetable production area is greater than 26% of the total vegetable production area in Korea, and portion of protected production area is increasing for flowers and fruits. To secure stable productivity and profitability, continuous and intensive monitoring and control of protected crop production environment is critical, which is labor- and time-consuming. Failure to maintain proper environmental conditions (e.g., light, temperature, humidity) leads to significant damage to crop growth and quality, therefore farmers should visit or be present close to the production area. To overcome these problems, application of remote monitoring and control of crop production environment has been increasing. Wireless monitoring and control systems have used CDMA, internet, and smart phone communications. Levels of technology adoption are different for farmers' needs for their cropping systems. In this paper, potential of wireless remote monitoring of protected agricultural environment using CDMA SMS text messages was reported. Monitoring variables were outside weather (precipitation, wind direction and velocity, temperature, and humidity), inside ambient condition (temperature, humidity, $CO_2$ level, and light intensity), irrigation status (irrigation flow rate and pressure), and soil condition (volumetric water content and matric potential). Scenarios and data formats for environment monitoring were devised, tested, and compared. Results of this study would provide useful information for adoption of wireless remote monitoring techniques by farmers.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is main factors (environmental conditions, pattern spacing, pattern material) that effect the ion-migration of PCB. Methods: Recently, the electronic components are becoming more high density of electronic device, so that electronic circuits have smaller pitches between the patten and more vulnerable to insulation failure. so the reliability of electric insulation of device has become an ever important issue as device contact pitches of pattern. Usually, ion-migration occurs in high temperature and high humidity environment as voltage is applied to the circuit. Under high temperature and high humidity, voltage applied electronic components respond to applied voltages by metals's electrochemical ionization and a conducting filament forms between the anode and cathode across a nonmetallic medium. This leads to short-circuit failure of the electronic component. Results: we studied ion-migration that occurs in accordance with the main factors (environmental conditions, pitches, pattern material). The PCB pattern material was made by two different types of material (free solder, OSP) for this research and pitches of pattern is 0.15mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm. PCB was experimented in the environmental conditions (high temperature $120^{\circ}C$, high temperature and high humidity $85^{\circ}C$, 85%RH) and was analyzed for ion-migration through the experiment results. Conclusion: We confirmed that environmental condition, pitches of pattern, pattern material had effect on ion-migration of PCB.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of environmental conditions of air temperature and relative humidity, varieties, and water content of leaves at harvesting time on the occurrence of barn rot during curing of burley tobacco. The curing environmental condition was combined with 4 air temperatures ranging from 25$^{\circ}C$ to 40$^{\circ}C$ and 3 different relative humidities. The harvested leaves with 3 different water contents were cured during the rainy season in curing barn. Barn rot occurred the most at 30$^{\circ}C$, and reduced at 25$^{\circ}C$ and remarkably decreased at above 35$^{\circ}C$. But no barn rot was observed at 40$^{\circ}C$. In influence of relative humidity, the percentage of rotten leaves was highest at 100% RH and remarkably reduced at lower RH. Among two varieties, KB 101 was rotted smaller than Burley 21 under the all temperature and relative humidity conditions, however those considerably showed no difference. The rate of disease development increased in the lower leaves more than in the upper leaves. In the water content of leaves at harvesting time, 29.5% of the rotten leaves was observed at W.S.D. (water saturation deficit) 10.3%, but no barn rot was found at W.S.D. 6.4%.
Drying process of red pepper is very important in terms of drying cost and quality of the end product. Recently, many studies on red pepper drying have been performed. Nevertheless, an optimum drying condition is not established yet. Drying characteristics of red pepper is much affected by drying factors such as variety and initial state of red pepper as well as by environmental drying factors such as temperature and relative humidity of drying air. Various varieties of red pepper are being cultivated and the initial state of red pepper at harvest is very ambiguous. For this reason, it is very costly and time-consuming to establish an optimum drying condition of red pepper by experiment. A general drying model to descirbe a drying process has not been developed due to diversity of drying characteristics of red pepper. This study was, therefore, performed to develop a general drying model describing a drying process of red pepper. The results from this study are summarized as follows. 1. A basic model was established to develop an appropriate mositure content model and temperature model describing a drying process of red pepper, and the basic model was validated with experimental data. 2. The bone dry weight of fruit and mositure content were accepted satisfactorily as parameter to define the arbitrary red pepper. 3. The equilibrium moisture content of red pepper was found out to be different according to the variety of red pepper, air temperature and relative humidity. Also, the EMC model was developed using the parameters of air temperature, relative humidity and bone dry weight of fruit. 4. A general drying model for red pepper was developed, parameters of which were expressed as the function of drying factors related with drying phenomena. The developed drying model was found out to describe well the drying process of red pepper.
The purpose of this research is to absorb and remove sulfur dioxide existing in the air by using ion exchange non-woven fabric. So we found out very appropriate condition of anionic exchange fabric scrubber by measuring amount of SO$_2$ adsorption under the atmosphere that concentration, velocity, and humidity was 100∼200 ppm, 0.6∼1.0 m/sec, and 30∼90 RH%, respectively. Ion exchange capacity of ion exchanger showed the maximum value, 3.75 meq/g at pH 4, and adsorption equilibrium time was the maximum value, 30 h when gas velocity was 0.6 m/sec, moreover, at 80$\^{C}$, adsorption equilibrium time tended to decrease more than 10 h. When concentration was 200 ppm, while reaction speed between SO$_2$ and ligand of fibrous ion exchanger was getting faster, adsorption break point had a tendency to get faster as well. In addition, when relative humidity in the scrubber was 90%, adsorption efficiency was 7.6%/h that seemed to be 30% higher than 4.6%/h coming from the condition that relative humidity had been 30%, and it was totally absorbed under 5 wt% NaOH solution in 5 minutes.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.