• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

Human state in human-machine systems highly affects the overall system performance, and should be detected and monitored. Physiological cues are essential indicators of human state and useful for the purpose of monitoring. The study presented in this paper was focused on developing a bio-inspired sensing system, i.e., Nano-Skin, to non-intrusively measure physiological cues on human-machine contact surfaces to detect human state. The paper is presented in three parts. The first part is to analyze the relationship between human state and physiological cues, and to introduce the conceptual design of Nano-Skin. Generally, heart rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, operating force, blood alcohol concentration, sweat rate, and electromyography are closely related with human state. They can be measured through human-machine contact surfaces using Nano-Skin. The second part is to discuss the technologies for skin temperature measurement. The third part is to introduce the design and manufacture of the Nano-Skin for skin temperature measurement. Experiments were performed to verify the performance of the Nano-Skin in temperature measurement. Overall, the study concludes that Nano-Skin is a promising product for measuring physiological cues on human-machine contact surfaces to detect human state.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.3-6
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• 2000

In this paper, ‘gesture’ is discussed as a means of human-friendly communication between man and machine. We classify various gestures into two Categories: ‘contact based’ and ‘non-contact based’ Each method is reviewed and some real applications are introduced. Also, key design issues of the method are addressed and some contributions of soft-computing techniques, such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks (ANN), rough set theory and evolutionary computation, are discussed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1998년도 제13차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.391-394
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• 1998

The man-machine interface Is an important factor in the computer system, and it is thought that line-of-sight (LOS) detection technology will allow significant advances in this field. Techniques for detecting LOS for use in human interfaces have been studied［1]［2］. In earlier studies, however, LOS was detected with a head piece, goggles, or through fixing the position of the head. The limitations imposed by these fixed conditions render them unsuitable far use in interfaces, as they have adverse mental or physical effects on humans. Therefore. they have not been sufficiently developed for practical application. Research on non-contact LOS detection is expected to result in a usable LOS man-machine interface［3］［4］, and the current study is intended to be a step in that direction. The authors used color contact lenses for LOS detection, and applied this new method to a computer interface. The use of color contact lenses simplifies image processing. The algorithm used in this study is sufficiently accurate for practical applications. This technique can be used in input devices, in virtual reality applications, and in human engineering research.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.418-421
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• 2009

본 논문은 표면 근전도 신호(sEMG)를 이용해 상지부의 동작을 실시간으로 예측하고 이를 기반으로 한 인간-기계 상호작용(Human-machine interaction)에 관한 것이다. 사용자의 상지부에 위치한 5 곳의 근육에서 수집하는 근전도 신호와 인공신경회로망(arfiticial neural network) 알고리즘을 이용하여 상지부 동작을 실시간으로 예측하였고, 기계팔(manipulator)이 예측된 동작을 좇아 움직이도록 제어되었다. 이때, 사용자가 기계팔의 끝단(end-effector)과 접촉해 있는 상태에서 상지부 동작은 2 차원 평면 위에서 이루어지도록 제한된다. 본 논문이 제안하는 동작 예측 방법과 인체 각도계(goniometer)를 이용한 경우의 상호 작용 실험을 통해, 동작 예측을 통한 인간-기계 상호 작용의 성능을 알아보았다. 실험 결과로부터, 제안된 실시간 동작 예측 방법을 이용하여 사용자와 기계의 상호 작용 시스템을 구현할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.593-599
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• 2012

Objective: This study aims to implement a non-contact gesture-based interface for presentation purposes and to analyze the effect of the proposed interface as information transfer assisted device. Background: Recently, research on control device using gesture recognition or speech recognition is being conducted with rapid technological growth in UI/UX area and appearance of smart service products which requires a new human-machine interface. However, few quantitative researches on practical effects of the new interface type have been done relatively, while activities on system implementation are very popular. Method: The system presented in this study is implemented with KINECT$^{(R)}$ sensor offered by Microsoft Corporation. To investigate whether the proposed system is effective as a presentation support tool or not, we conduct experiments by giving several lectures to 40 participants in both a traditional lecture room(keyboard-based presentation control) and a non-contact gesture-based lecture room(KINECT-based presentation control), evaluating their interests and immersion based on contents of the lecture and lecturing methods, and analyzing their understanding about contents of the lecture. Result: We check that whether the gesture-based presentation system can play effective role as presentation supporting tools or not depending on the level of difficulty of contents using ANOVA. Conclusion: We check that a non-contact gesture-based interface is a meaningful tool as a sportive device when delivering easy and simple information. However, the effect can vary with the contents and the level of difficulty of information provided. Application: The results presented in this paper might help to design a new human-machine(computer) interface for communication support tools.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1732-1739
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• 2018

With the explosion of digital devices, interaction technologies between human and devices are required more than ever. Especially, hand gesture recognition is advantageous in that it can be easily used. It is divided into the two groups: the contact sensor and the non-contact sensor. Compared with non-contact gesture recognition, the advantage of contact gesture recognition is that it is able to classify gestures that disappear from the sensor's sight. Also, since there is direct contacted with the user, relatively accurate information can be acquired. Electromyography (EMG) and force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) are the typical methods used for contact gesture recognition based on muscle activities. The sensors, however, are generally too sensitive to environmental disturbances such as electrical noises, electromagnetic signals and so on. In this paper, we propose a novel contact gesture recognition method based on Flexible Epidermal Tactile Sensor Array (FETSA) that is used to measure electrical signals according to movements of the wrist. To recognize gestures using FETSA, we extracted feature sets, and the gestures were subsequently classified using the support vector machine. The performance of the proposed gesture recognition method is very promising in comparison with two previous non-contact and contact gesture recognition studies.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권spc1호
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• pp.444-451
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• 2005

The analysis of human arm motion during steering maneuver is carried out for investigation of man-machine interface of driver and steering system Each arm is modeled as interconnection of upper arm, lower arm, and hand by rotational joints that can properly represents permissible joint motion, and both arms are connected to a steering wheel through spring and damper at the contact points. The joint motion law during steering motion is determined through the measurement of each arm movement, and subsequent inverse kinematic analysis. Combining the joint motion law and inverse dynamic analysis, joint stiffness of arm is estimated. Arm dynamic analysis model for steering maneuver is setup, and is validated through the comparison with experimentally measured data, which shows relatively good agreement. To demonstrate the usefulness of the arm model, it is applied to study the effect of steering column angle on the steering motion.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2021

Smart application is developed in this paper by using an android-based platform to automatically determine the human emergency state (Lifesaver) by using different technology sensors of the mobile. In practice, this Lifesaver has many applications, and it can be easily combined with other applications as well to determine the emergency of humans. For example, if an old human falls due to some medical reasons, then this application is automatically determining the human state and then calls a person from this emergency contact list. Moreover, if the car accidentally crashes due to an accident, then the Lifesaver application is also helping to call a person who is on the emergency contact list to save human life. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to develop an application that can save human life. As a result, the proposed Lifesaver application is utilized to assist the person to get immediate attention in case of absence of help in four different situations. To develop the Lifesaver system, the GPS is also integrated to get the exact location of a human in case of emergency. Moreover, the emergency list of friends and authorities is also maintained to develop this application. To test and evaluate the Lifesaver system, the 50 different human data are collected with different age groups in the range of (40-70) and the performance of the Lifesaver application is also evaluated and compared with other state-of-the-art applications. On average, the Lifesaver system is achieved 95.5% detection accuracy and the value of 91.5 based on emergency index metric, which is outperformed compared to other applications in this domain.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.455-459
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• 2004

Electrostatic discharge(ESD) is a serious reliability concern. It causes approximately most of all field failures of integrated circuits. Inevitably, future IC technologies will shrink the dimensions of interconnects, gate oxides, and junction depths, causing ICs to be increasingly susceptible to ESD-induced damage [1][2][3]. This thesis shows the optimization of the ESD protection circuit based on the tested results of MM (Machine Model) and HBM (Human Body Model), regardless of existing Reference in fully silicided 0.18 um CMOS process. His thesis found that, by the formation of silicide in a source and drain contact, the dimensions around the contact had a less influence on the ESD robustness and the channel width had a large influence on the ESD robustness [8].

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2018

이 연구는 범죄에 대응하기 위하여 경찰의 정보활동 중 휴민트에 대하여 살펴보고, 휴민트의 특성을 고려하여 인적네트워크 수준이 휴민트 활용에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 연구이다. 연구의 완성을 위하여 현직경찰을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 얻어진 자료로 연구를 수행하였다. 휴민트는 대인간의 접촉을 통하여 얻어지는 정보를 의미하는 것으로 무형적인 접촉을 통하여 얻어지는 정보를 의미한다. 휴민트는 전달되는 속도가 빠르고, 상대의 은밀한 의도까지 파악할 수 있으며, 접근하기 어려운 정보에 접근할 수 있고, 기계를 사용하지 않는 경우가 많기 때문에 인간의 오감을 이용한 정보획득이 가능한 장점을 가지고 있다. 휴민트는 인간관계를 바탕으로 정보를 획득하는 정보활동으로서 인간관계는 휴민트 획득의 근간이라 볼 수 있다. 따라서, 경찰관의 인간관계를 독립변수라고 할 때 인간관계를 구성하는 인간관계 수준, 인간관계의 신뢰깊이, 인간관계의 폭이 휴민트 활용에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 인간관계의 폭이 넓을수록 동향을 파악하는데 효과적으로 이용하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 범죄에 대응하기 위한 정보를 활용하는 경우에도 인간관계의 폭이 넓을수록 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.