• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2007

Skeleton transform of which the medial axis transform is the most popular has been proposed as a useful shape abstraction tool for the representation and modeling of human posture. This paper explains this proposition with a description of the areas in which skeletons could serve to enable the representation of shapes. We present algorithms for two-dimensional posture modeling using the developed simplified shock graph (SSG). The efficacy of SSG extracted feature vectors as shape descriptors are also evaluated using three different classifiers, namely, decision tree, multilayer perceptron, and support vector machine. The paper concludes with a discussion of the issues involved in using shock graphs to model and classify human postures.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1987

If an error occurs in the automatic mode when the advanced teleoperator system performs a task in hostile environment, then the mode changes into the manual mode. The operation by program and the operation by hyman recover the error in the manual mode. The system resumew the automatic mode and continues the given task. In order to utilize the inverse kinematics as means of the operation by program in the manual mode, Lee and Nagamachi determined the end point of the robot trajectory planning which varied with the height of the task object recognized by a T.V monitor, solved the end point by the fuzzy set theory, and controlled the position of the robot hand by the inverse kinematics and the posture of the robot hand by the operation by human. But the operation by human did take a lot of task time because the position and the posture of the robot hand were separately controlled. To reduce the task time by human, this paper developes an error recovery expert system (ERES). The position of the robot hand is controlled by the inverse kinematics of the cartesian coordinate system to the end point which is deter- mined by the fuzzy set theory. The posture of the robot hand is controlled by the modulality of the robot hand's motion which is made by the posture of the task object. The knowledge base and the inference engine of the ERES is developed using the muLISP-86 language. The experimental results show that the average task time by human the ERES which was performed by the integration of the position and the posture control of the robot hand is shorter than that of the research, done by the preliminary experiment, which was performed by the separation of the position and the posture control of the robot hand. A further study is likely to research into an even more intelligent robot system control usint a superimposed display and digitizer which can present two-dimensional coordinate of the work space for the convenience of human interaction.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1948-1953
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• 2005

The Teakwondo is composed of the breaking, competition and poomsea. In the hand breaking, the breaking impact of human is affected by the breaking posture. In this paper, impact analysis of the human model for breaking posture is carried out. The LifeMOD is used in breaking modeling and simulation. The simulation model createsthe human model to hit and to grasp a pine board. For the breaking, the poomsea motion of the hand joint inputs the splines pass condition. As the results, the reaction of human joint is presented

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : To analyze the contents of ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ and study the standard posture in context of Korean Medicine. Methods : Analyzed the terms related to the name, body region and orientation of Three Yin and Three Yang used in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ to deduce the standard posture of the description. ≪Lingshu·Jingmai≫ was used as supplementary data. Results : The term "Three Yin and Three Yang" in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is used to indicate regions of the human body, and based on this, terms with orientation were used. Just like 'anatomical position', there is a standard posture in Korean Medicine, and it may seem to be similar overall, but there is a difference in posture in the upper extremity. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, Greater Yang is the dorsal region, Lesser Yang is the lateral surface region, Yang Brightness is the anterior surface region of the human body. In the body trunk, Three Yin refers to the inner parts of the human body. However, in the lower extremity, Three Yin refers to the medial surface of the legs. The name of the individual Meridian-muscle was given following the region corresponding to Three Yin and Three Yang. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, there is a basic posture that became the standard posture derived from the description. In an upright standing position, the feet face forward, the fingers naturally extended, and the back of the hand faces outward. The fact that the posture of the thumb is naturally extended is especially reflected in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫. This is clearly different from the "anatomical position" and as it can be the base of all areas of acupuncture, it is suggested that it be defined as the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine". Conclusions : Based on our analysis, we suggest the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine" as an upright standing position, with the feet facing forward, the fingers naturally extended, the back of the hand facing outward, and the thumb naturally extended.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to define the Dynamic Sitting (DS) through trend analysis and research on the Dynamic Chair (DC) and applied technologies. Background: The effects of changing posture on the human body have been studied to find out healthy sitting postures. It is believed that changing posture is effective in reducing disc pressure on spinal cord and preventing back pain and musculoskeletal disease. But, the definition of DS and trends of DC have not been researched yet. Therefore, trend analysis of DC and its applied technologies are required to define dynamic sitting posture. Method: We researched the type of occupant postures from previous studies. And then, sitting behaviors were classified into three types; (1) sitting and standing, (2) working and studying, (3) taking a rest. Results: Variety shapes of DC and applied technologies were found out. From the result, the trend of DC and applied technology were summarized from three perspectives. ; (1) changing the chair functions according to user's intention, (2) conversion of dynamic chair technologies to office chair mechanism, (3) enables the user to change their sitting posture without operating control device. Conclusion: From this study, we defined dynamic sitting posture and analyzed the trend of DC and its applied technologies. This result might be used to develop an office chair for healthy sitting. But further investigation is required to figure out the technologies and functions for development of healthy chair. Application: The results of the publishing trend analysis might help to determine design concept of office chair.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2008

In the vehicle design, the research on driving posture has stood out as one of the important issues. Recently, the research on 3D human modeling focused on more exact implementation of real driving posture. However, prediction of driving posture through the 3D human modeling fail to reflect on the model the phenomenon called sagging, which refers to the retraction or shrinking of the torso while driving. 30 male subjects participated in the experiment where total subjects were divided into four groups according to height percentile(under 50%ile, 51%ile to 75%ile, 76%ile to 95%ile, over 95%ile). The independent variables were seat back angle(4 levels) and seat pan angle(2 levels). The dependent variable was capacity or the degree of retraction of the torso. First this study measured the sagging capacity by using a paired T-test between erect and retracted posture. Secondly it was tried to find out significant anthropometric variables that were statistically correlated by the analysis of correlation. Finally, a prediction model was derived which explains the capacity of sagging.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2000

The work posture impose additional stress upon human workers so that it should be carefully considered in designing works. However, we have a lot of manufacturing plants which convert their standing workplace to sedentary one. To confirm the validity of that trend, the authors conducted an experimental study, and compared the results. The results of the EMG and the self-cognitive symptoms, in general, showed a correspondent trend that the sedentary work posture was rated more comfortable. At the beginning of the work, complaint of the lowerback was higher whereas that of the lower leg and the feet went higher as the time elapsed. If the weight of workpiece were heavier than 500g, increasing rate of bodily discomfort in the sedentary posture were greater than that of the standing posture. In the meanwhile, the standing posture was consistently superior to the sedentary posture in its performance. Thus, in conclusion, for a light assembly work, sedentary work posture would be recommendable because bodily discomfort would be larger irrespective of the small increase of performance increase.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to design posture braces for rounded shoulders by examining characteristics of incorrect postures of rounded shoulders. The review of information in literature on rounded shoulder postures, correction exercise methods, and posture correction devices, has prompted this study to determine the design and material of a proper posture brace for rounded shoulders. In order to develop the pattern of a posture brace for rounded shoulders for women, the study carried out a comfort evaluation of the braces based on the 2D patterns through drafting method by utilizing the body measurements and relational formulae associated with the major body measurement such as bust circumference and on the 3D patterns of the brace which were obtained from 3D human model of women in their early 20s in Korea. Differences in angles were noted when 2D and 3D patterns of shoulder posture braces were compared. The side neck point was relocated farther outside in the 3D pattern to allow additional flexibility in the back-neck area, and the shoulder band was lowered by 14.8°, increasing armhole area comfort. The upper hemline of the front panel was found to rotate upward at an angle of 22.0° as the underarm point of the 3D pattern moved upwards than the underarm point of the 2D pattern, which enhanced comfort in the abdomen area. The 3D designs of shoulder posture brace was preferred in this study, as they significantly improved comfort while conducting fit evaluation compared to the 2D patterns of shoulder posture brace.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2023

3차원 인체자세추정은 스포츠, 동작인식, 영상매체의 특수효과 등의 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있는 기술이다. 이를 위한 여러 방법들 중 다중 시점 3차원 인체자세추정은 현실의 복잡한 환경에서도 정밀한 추정을 하기 위해 필수적인 방법이다. 하지만 기존 다중 시점 3차원 인체자세추정 모델들은 3차원 특징 맵을 사용함에 따라 시간 복잡도가 높은 단점이 있다. 본 논문은 계산 복잡도가 적은 트랜스포머 기반 기존 단안 시점 다중 프레임 모델을 다중 시점에 대한 3차원 인체자세추정으로 확장하는 방법을 제안한다. 다중 시점으로 확장하기 위하여 먼저 2차원 인체자세 검출자 CPN(Cascaded Pyramid Network)을 활용하여 획득한 4개 시점의 17가지 관절에 대한 2차원 관절좌표를 연결한 8차원 관절좌표를 생성한다. 그 다음 이들을 패치 임베딩 한 뒤 17×32 데이터로 변환하여 트랜스포머 모델에 입력한다. 마지막으로, 인체자세를 출력하는 MLP(Multi-Layer Perceptron) 블록을 매 반복 마다 사용한다. 이를 통해 4개 시점에 대한 3차원 인체자세추정을 동시에 수정한다. 입력 프레임 길이 27을 사용한 Zheng[5]의 방법과 비교했을 때 제안한 방법의 모델 매개변수의 수는 48.9%, MPJPE(Mean Per Joint Position Error)는 20.6mm(43.8%) 감소했으며, 학습 횟수 당 평균 학습 소요 시간은 20배 이상 빠르다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an office chair enabling to keep working at reclined sitting posture. Background: Sedentary workers are supposed to change the posture frequently during long hours of sitting. A reclined sitting position has been recommended to reduce disc pressure. But slumped sitting posture caused by the buttock sliding forward without any adjustment of back reclining is commonly observed. The worker seems to have tendency to change the sitting posture maintaining working condition. We assumed the reason to be their hands movement away from the working space when tilting backward. Method: Slide mechanism allowing seat to move forward was designed to maintain the hand position in working space during reclining. A prototype was manufactured and tilting motion was analyzed using motion capture system. Four experiment chairs were tested including the manufactured prototype chair and three other commercial chairs. Results: A backward movements of the hand position were 13.0mm, 101.7mm, 156.1mm and 139.3mm at the prototype chair, compared to chair B, chair C and chair D, respectively. And the movement was remarkably small at the prototype chair. Conclusion: The developed seat sliding chair allows back tilting maintaining hand position at working space. We expect the user tilting back more often than normal tilting chair during seated work. But further investigation is required to figure out the effectiveness of the developed chair using prolonged working hours. Application: The developed office chair directly affects commercialization.