• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2009

The role of $Cl^-$ channels in regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in human salivary gland acinar cells was examined using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Human tissues were obtained from healthy volunteers or from patients with oromaxillofacial tumors. During the measurements, $K^+$-free solutions were employed to eliminate contamination of whole-cell conductance by $K^+$ currents. When the cells were exposed to a 70% hypotonic solution, outward-rectifying currents, which were not observed in the resting state, were found to have significantly increased both in human labial and parotid gland acinar cells. The amplitudes of the currents were reduced in a low $Cl^-$ bath solution. Furthermore, the addition of $100{\mu}M$ 5-Nitro-2- (3-phenyl propylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) or $100{\mu}M$ 4,4'-diisothio cyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS), known to partially block $Cl^-$ channels, significantly inhibited these currents. Its outward-rectifying current profile, shift in reversal potential in a low $Cl^-$ bath solution and pharmacological properties suggest that this is a $Ca^{2+}$-independent, volume activated $Cl^-$ current. We conclude therefore that volume activated $Cl^-$ channels play a putative role in RVD in human salivary gland acinar cells.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.337-340
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• 2008

Smoke composed of harmful gases such as carbon monocide and carbon dioxide is reconized as the major killer in fire situation. Especailly it is said that smoke movement is related to the panic phenomenon which threatens the life seriously. The purpose of this study is to investgate and analyse the reaction mechanism of harmful gas caused by fire effects on the human psychology and panic phenomenon.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2005

The medicine through I Ching(The Book of Changes, 易經) is a field of the medical science, which studies physiology, pathology and Yin-Yang philosophy. From ancient times so many scholars have studied I Ching and they are divided into two different school. one is the school of Image and Number(象數學派), the other is the school of reason(義理學派). Dasan Jung Yak-Yong(茶山 丁若鏞) is a distinguished scholar in the I-Ching study, and he had a unique opinion in the analysis about sentences of I Ching. He has done his best to make 'Image and Number(象數)' harmonize with reason(義理). I Ching is the book about changes, which includes everything like natural phenomena, human body and mind. So we can understand human physiology and pathology through I Ching.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1999

Factors affecting gene gun-mediated expression of the human erythropoietin gene were investigated in primary cultured oviduct cells from laying hens. The human erythropoietin gene was transfected by a gene gun method at $1.25{\mu}g$ per dish, and cultured in a synthetic serum-free medium for 72 hrs. The concentration of human erythropoietin mRNA was determined by RNA : RNA solution hybridization. In experiment 1, the effect of changing the shooting pressure of DNA-coated microparticles with nitrogen gas was tested at 20 and $60kgf/cm^2$. The results showed that the erythropoietin mRNA concentration was significantly higher at 60 than $20kgf/cm^2$. In experiment 2, the effects of supplementing the medium with fetal calf serum at 10%, and raising the shooting pressure from 60 to $80kgf/cm^2$ on the cell number and erythropoietin gene expression were examined. Although supplementation with fetal calf serum significantly increased the cell numbes compared with no supplemented controls (p < 0.05), erythropoietin mRNA concentration per $10^3$ cells was not affected. Raising the shooting pressure from 60 to $80kgf/cm^2$ did not affect either of the parameters, In experiment 3, the effect of supplementing ascorbate 2-phosphate at 0.5 mM was tested. The results indicated that the ascorbate supplementation significantly increased the cell number (p < 0.05), and tended to increase erythropoietin mRNA concentration (p < 0.1). Thus, for human erythropoietin gene expression by using the gene gun method, shooting pressure with nitrogen gas should be sufficient at $60kgf/cm^2$ and supplementation with ascorbate phosphate would be useful to enhance not only the cell proliferation but also erythropoietin gene expression.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.20-36
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• 2004

After studying the theory of JangBu(臟腑), that is a physiology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, in Sasang Constitutional Medicine, the author could draw a conclusion as these. 1. The basic thought of Sasang Constitutional Medicine is emphatic on the human beings itself unlike the idea of traditional Oriental Medicine, that accentuate the universe.(The traditional Oriental Medicine has a concept that the human beings follows the order of universe, but Sasang Constitutional Medicine has a different idea that human beings has the free will to the universe and newly comprehend the relationships between human beings and universe.) 2. Like the preceding, the theory of JangBu(臟腑), the physiology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, is based on the autonomic mechanisms of human body itself. 3. The medical philosophy of Sasang Constitutional Medicine is Sasang(四象), that is Sa(事), Sim(心), Sin(身) and Mul(物). This Sasang is a classification of universe include human beings.(Sa(事) is event, Sim(心) is mind, Sin(身) is body, and Mul(物) is things. these four elements express the universe and human.) 4. The JangBu(臟腑) theory of Sasang Constitutional Medicine regard mind condition as important. The mind condition is divided into two factors. The one is Seong(性) the other is Jeong(情). The Seong(性) is an attitude toward the world, and the Jeong(情) is response to the stimulation from the world. 5. By the actions of Seong(性) and Jeong(情), the human body has different JangBu(臟腑) function, so the human body can be grouped in four constitutions. 6. Because of emphasis on mind condition, the Sasang JangBu(臟腑) theory has activism of human beings itself. 7. This activismor practical philosophy of Sasang JangBu(臟腑) theory, that is a physiology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, gave birth to ethics or morality in Medical philosophy, that the human practice of ethics or morality bring a health and well being of human body.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.94-94
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• 2002

Lactadherin (formerly known as BA46), a major glycoprotein of the human milk fat globule membrane, is abundant in human breast milk and breast carcinomas and may prevent symptomatic rotavirus infections. In this study, under the control of mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) promoter, the expression pattern of lactadherin (Ltd) in lactogenic hormone-dependent mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 were tested. pLNWLtd construct containing 2.4 kilobases of the WAP promoter and 1.5 kilobases of human lactadherin gene was stably transfered into HC11 cells using retroviral vector system. Integration and expression level of the transgene was estimated using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Prominent induction of Ltd gene under the WAS promoter was accomplished in the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin, while induction with insulin alone resulted in lower expression. Our results demonstrate that the expression of the transgene is increased by synergistic effect of several lactogenic hormones, including insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2004

Exogenous carbon monoxide (0.2%) increases L-type calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ current in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells. The stimulatory effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current is inhibited by pre-application of L-NNA, a classical competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with no significant isoform selectivity (Lim, 2003). In the present study, we investigated which isoform of NOS affected CO induced stimulation of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells. Cells were voltage clamped by whole-cell mode patch clamp technique, and membrane currents were recorded with 10 mM barium as the charge carrier. Before the addition of CO, cells were pretreated with each inhibitor of three NOS isoforms for 15 minutes. CO-stimulating effect on L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current was partially blocked by N-(3-(Amino-methyl) benzyl) acetamidine 2HCl (1400W, an iNOS inhibitor). On the other hand, 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole (BNI, a nNOS inhibitor) or $N^5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine$ dihydrochloride (L-NIO, an eNOS inhibitor) completely blocked the CO effect. These data suggest that low dose of exogenous CO may stimulate all NOS isoforms to increase L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel through nitric oxide (NO) pathway in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2008

The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) protein is functionally expressed in salivary glands. In this experiment, we examined the role of NBC in $HCO_3^-$ formation in human parotid gland acinar cells. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in 2'-7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF)-loaded cells. Acetazolamide (0.1 mM) and 4,4'-diisothio cyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS, 0.5 mM) were used as specific inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase and NBC, respectively. The degree of inhibition was assessed by measuring the pHi recovery rate (${\Delta}pHi$/min) after cell acidification using an ammonium prepulse technique. In control experiments, ${\Delta}pHi$/min was $1.40{\pm}0.06$. Treatment of cells with 0.5 mM DIDS or 0.1 mM acetazolamide significantly reduced ${\Delta}pHi$/min to $1.14{\pm}0.14$ and $0.74{\pm}0.15$, respectively. Simultaneous application of DIDS and acetazolamide further reduced ${\Delta}pHi$/min to $0.47{\pm}0.10$. Therefore, DIDS and acetazolamide reduced ${\Delta}pHi$/min by 19% and 47%, respectively, while simultaneous application of both DIDS and acetazolamide caused a reduction in ${\Delta}pHi$/min of 67%. These results suggest that in addition to carbonic anhydrase, NBC also partially contributes to $HCO_3^-$ formation in human parotid gland acinar cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.381-392
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• 2019

Sperm function and male fertility are closely related to pH dependent $K^+$ current (KSper) in human sperm, which is most likely composed of Slo3 and its auxiliary subunit leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 52 (LRRC52). Onion peel extract (OPE) and its major active ingredient quercetin are widely used as fertility enhancers; however, the effect of OPE and quercetin on Slo3 has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of quercetin on human Slo3 channels. Human Slo3 and LRRC52 were co-transfected into HEK293 cells and pharmacological properties were studied with the whole cell patch clamp technique. We successfully expressed and measured pH sensitive and calcium insensitive Slo3 currents in HEK293 cells. We found that OPE and its key ingredient quercetin inhibit Slo3 currents. Inhibition by quercetin is dose dependent and this degree of inhibition decreases with elevating internal alkalization and internal free calcium concentrations. Functional moieties in the quercetin polyphenolic ring govern the degree of inhibition of Slo3 by quercetin, and the composition of such functional moieties are sensitive to the pH of the medium. These results suggest that quercetin inhibits Slo3 in a pH and calcium dependent manner. Therefore, we surmise that quercetin induced depolarization in spermatozoa may enhance the voltage gated proton channel (Hv1), and activate non-selective cation channels of sperm (CatSper) dependent calcium influx to trigger sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1995

Previously, we have reported that methylene blue (MB) induces cytotoxicity in human brain tumor cells through the generation of free radicals. In this study the effect of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, on MB-induced cytotoxicity was investigated using SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and U-373 MG human astrocytoma cells as model cellular systems. The cytotoxic effect of MB was potentiated by DFO. The potentiation effect of DFO was significantly blocked by either stoichiometric amounts of ferric ion, various antioxidants, hydroxyl radical scavengers or intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release blockers. These results suggest that hydroxyl radical and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ may act as important mediators of the enhanced cytotoxicity by MB and DFO. These results further suggest that the combined treatment with MB and DFO may be useful for the therapeutical applications of human brain tumors.