• 제목/요약/키워드: human impact

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실충격음과 표준충격원으로 발생된 바닥충격음의 비교 (Selection of the standard impact sounds similar to the human impact sounds in reinforced concrete floors)

  • 사토신이치;이평직;전진용
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.1167-1172
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    • 2007
  • This study investigates human floor impact sounds; not only the children's jumping and running represented by heavy-weight impact source such as bang machine and impact ball but also the high-heel walking and the light weight object dropping represented by tapping machine in the standard measurements. However, due to reliability problems as a standard impactor, bang machine has not been included in the new draft of ISO 10140 Part 3: Measurement of impact sound insulation. Therefore, the procedure to convert the floor impact sound level of the bang machine into that of the impact ball has been demanded because the bang machine has been only the standard heavy-weight standard impact source and much of its data has been collected, This study indicates that the use of impact ball is reliable and that the bang machine data can be successfully converted into the impact ball data in case of box-frame type reinforced concrete structures.

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대장내시경을 위한 자기 충격 액츄에이터 (Magnetic Impact Actuator for Robotic Endoscope)

  • 민현진;임형준;김병규;김수현
    • 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.839-843
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    • 2001
  • For robotic endoscope, some researchers suggest pneumatic actuators based on inchworm motion. But, the existing endoscopes are not seemed to be replaced completely because human intestine is very sensitive and susceptible to damage. We design and test a new locomotion of robotic endoscope able to maneuver safely in the human intestine. The actuating mechanism is composed of two solenoids at each side and a single permanent magnet. When the current direction is reversed, repulsive force and attractive at the opposition side propels permanent magnet. Impact force against robotic endoscope transfer momentum from moving magnet to endoscope capsule. The direction and moving speed of the actuator can be controlled by adjusting impact force. Modeling and simulation experiments are carried out to predict the performance of the actuator. Simulation experiments show that force profile of permanent magnet is the dominant factor for the characteristic of the actuator. The results of simulations are verified by comparing with the experimental results.

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외부 충격시 우측팔의 생체역학적 거동해석 (A Study on the Behavior of Human Right Arm under Impact Condition)

  • 채제욱;이준호;김현준
    • 한국군사과학기술학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.152-158
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, the right arm was modelled by muscle-skeleton elements to obtain the behavior of right arm of human under impact condition, where physical and geometrical properties of human body such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, cross sectional area, length, density, moment of inertia and position were defined. Based on the numerical model of the right arm, the impact response of the right arm was obtained. By the comparison with the experimental results, the model of the right arm was verified.

Human Development Convergence and the Impact of Funds Transfer to Regions: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach

  • GINANJAR, Rah Adi Fahmi;ZAHARA, Vadilla Mutia;SUCI, Stannia Cahaya;SUHENDRA, Indra
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제7권12호
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    • pp.593-604
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    • 2020
  • This study analyzes human development convergence and the impact of funds transfer to the regions using σ and β-convergence analysis method. Observations were made in all Indonesia's provinces in the period 2010-2019. The coefficient of variation calculation shows a dispersion in the inequality of human development, which means that convergence occurred. This is also documented by the clustering analysis results developed in the study. The results are in line with the hypothesis of neoclassical theory, which shows the tendency for provinces with lower human development levels to grow relatively faster. The dynamic panel data approach with the GMM model shows that a model built with explanatory variables for transfer of funds to regions may lead to the process of convergence of human development - 2.21% per year or 31 years to cover the half-life of convergence. This is a consequence of the Special Allocation Fund and the Village Fund, which positively impact the convergence process, and the General Allocation Fund and the Revenue Sharing Fund with negative signs slowing the convergence process. This evidence opens opportunities to review the justification of the weighting component in determining the amount of funds transferred to the region to accelerate the convergence process of human development.

환경의 구성요소와 그 체계 (The Components of Environment and Their System)

  • 정대연
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.175-194
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    • 2001
  • The environment is composed of at least two components, the natural and the human-made one. Nonetheless, the environment is being used to connote the natural environment. Moreover, even though the components of environment exist in a mutual relationship as a mechanism, it is rare to study the components of environment and their system as a mechanism. With such an implication, this paper aims to identify the components of environment and their system. The components of environment can be categorized by two criteria. One is the subject of creating environment, and the other is the visuality of environment. The former categorizes the environment into the natural and the human-made one, and the latter into physical and nonphysical one. Integrating the two criteria into a framework, the environment can be categorized into the natural, the human-made physical, and the human-made nonphysical environment. The three categories of environment exist interrelatedly in a mechanism being characterized as a mutual impact. The mechanism may be called the environmental system. The environmental system can be analyzed in terms of two dimensions. One is a human-inclusive system. The other is a human-centered system. The former is a framework that includes humans as a component of environment. The latter is a framework that humans are the subject of the environment, and the others surrounding human life are the object of the environment. The former is defined as a circular system of material and energy, while the latter is defined as a mutual subjective-objective system.

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저속 후방 추돌 자원자 실험을 통한 두부와 경부의 동작분석 (Motion Analysis of Head and Neck of Human Volunteers in Low-Speed Rear Impact)

  • 홍성우;박원필;박성지;유재호;공세진;김한성
    • 자동차안전학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this research is to obtain and analyze dynamic responses from human volunteers for the development of the human-like mechanical or mathematical model for Korean males in automotive rear collisions. This paper focused on the introduction to a low-speed rear impact sled test involving Korean male subjects, and the accumulation of the motion of head and neck. A total of 50 dynamic rear impact sled tests were performed with 50 human volunteers, who are 30-50 year-old males. Each subject can be involved in only one case to prevent any injury in which he was exposed to the impulse that was equivalent to a low-speed rear-end collision of cars at 5-8 km/h for change of velocity, so called, ${\Delta}V$. All subjects were examined by an orthopedist to qualify for the test through the medical check-up of their necks and low backs prior to the test. The impact device is the pendulum type, tuned to simulate the crash pulse of a real vehicle. All motions and impulses were captured and measured by motion capture systems and pressure sensors on the seat. Dynamic responses of head and T1 were analyzed in two cases(5 km/h, 8 km/h) to compare with the results in the previous studies. After the experiments, human subjects were examined to check up any change in the post medical analysis. As a result, there was no change in MRI and no injury reported. Six subjects experienced a minor stiffness on their back for no more than 2 days and got back to normal without any medical treatment.

Quantitative Analysis of Human Impact on River Runoff in the Laohahe Basin through the Conceptual Xin'anjiang Model

  • Ren, Liliang;Vu, Van Nghi;Yuan, Fei;Li, Chunhong;Wang, Jixin
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2007
  • Due to a decreasing tendency of river runoff in the Laohahe River basin in North China, quantitative analysis was made with the aid of the conceptual Xinanjiang model under the background of nature climate variability as well as human-induced climate change according to the long-term observational hydrometeorological data. In the past, the human effect on surface water resources was estimated by investigating the impact of human activities on each item in the equation of water balance, so as to calculate water quantity of each item in the original natural status. It seems to be clear conceptually. It is appropriate just for the case of direct impact, such as water transfer from one basin to another, water storage by various scales of hydraulic projects, besides a huge amount of investigation and indeterminate statistics data when applied in practice. It is difficult for us to compute directly water consumption due to the implementation of measures for soil conservation, the improvement of farming techniques in agriculture, the growth of population in towns and villages, and the change of socioeconomic structure. In view of such situation, the Xinanjiang model was used to separate human impact from the climatic impact on water resources. Quantitatively human activity made river runoff decrease by 1.02, 50.67, 58.06 mm in 1960's, 1970's, 1980's, respectively, while by 97.2 mm in 1990's in the sense of annual average in the Laohahe River basin.

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인간간섭에 따른 세포성 점균의 출현과 분포 및 온도가 자실체 형성에 미치는 영향 (Human Impact on the Occurrence and Distribution of Cellular Slime Molds, and the Effect of Temperature on Fructification)

  • 이정은;장남기
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.231-246
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    • 1996
  • In order to elucidate the human impact on the distribution of cellular slime molds, samples were collected from 3 types of forest ; natural forests(Mt. Deogyu and Mt. Tsukuba), semi-natural forests(Seoul Great Zoo and Tama Zoo), artificial forests(Seoul National University and Tokyo Gakugei University) .The distribution of cellular slime molds in mountains was different from that of zoo and universities. In mountains, endemic species was occurred and species diversity was higher than in zoo and universities. In zoo and universities disturbed by human, Dictyostelium sphaerocephalum was occurred with higher importance value than in mountains. 6 species were selected to investigate the effect of temperature on froctification; Polysphondylium canlidum, D. delicatum. D. firmibasis, D. sphaerocephalum P. violaceum, D. purpureum. P. violaceum and D. purpureum had an optimum temperature for fructification around 25~3O˚C but the others around 22~23˚C. The degree of sensitivity to temperature was as follows; P. candidum >D. lelicatum > D. firmibasis > D. sphaerocephalum > P. violaceum > D. purpureum. Key words: Human impact, Cellular slime molds, Occurrence and distribution, fructification, Dictylostelium delicatum. Dictyostelium sphaerocephalum.

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저속 추돌시 충돌방향에 따른 목상해 해석 (A Study on Influence of the Impact Direction on the Neck Injury during Low Speed Rear Impacts)

  • 조휘창;김영은
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2007
  • MADYMO human model with the detail neck was used to investigate the reaction force of neck and neck injury from rear impact directions. In the validation simulation, head acceleration, thorax acceleration and the global kinematics of the head and neck were correlated well with experimental data. Acceleration data from three 15 km/h low speed car rear impact pendulum tests(rear-end, offset, oblique) were used to simulate the model. In the simulation results, the reaction force on the facet joint and discs in the oblique rear impact were higher than rear-end, offset rear impacts. Further research is still needed in order to neck injury analysis about different crash parameters.