• 패션비즈니스
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to suggest the knowlege and scientific information of the damage according to the heavy metal exposure level of hair coloring manipulations. The study was investigated variations of the heavy metal contents(Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni) in hairdye and human hairs by 1 and 2 times of hair coloring manipulations. The results were as follows; 1. Mean heavy metal contents in colorant of hairdye were 0.250ppm(Pb), 33.650ppm(Zn), 0.800ppm(Cu), 0.675ppm(Mn), 31.050ppm(Fe), 1.700ppm(Ni). In oxidant of hairdye, It were 0.225ppm(Pb), 35.450ppm(Zn), 0.575ppm(Cu), 0.075ppm(Mn), 16.600ppm(Fe), 1.500ppm(Ni). 2. Mean heavy metal contents were 2.950ppm(Pb), 29.000ppm(Zn), 9.400ppm(Cu), 1.075ppm(Mn), 40.775ppm(Fe), 1.950ppm(Ni) in virgin hairs, 3.025ppm(Pb), 40.250ppm(Zn), 9.650ppm(Cu), 1.350ppm(Mn), 42.900ppm(Fe), 2.200ppm(Ni) in 1 time of coloring hairs, 3.350ppm(Pb), 51.650ppm(Zn), 10.950ppm(Cu), 1.475ppm(Mn), 44.350ppm(Fe), 2.225ppm(Ni) in 2 times of coloring hairs.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2002

This research is compared and analyzed variations of the heavy metal contents in human hairs according to treating permanent wave manipulation before and after and permanent wave agents. This is the survey of women's hairs in 19 years old. On the basis of this we would like to analyze a extend of exposing of heavy metal scientifically. Also, we would to show a basic data for the permitted limits of heavy metal to keep the healthy hair The conclusion is as follows.; Mean contents of heavy metal in hairs is 2.11 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cd), 2.62 ppm (Ni), 256 ppm (Zn), 8.45 ppm (Cu). In reducing agents (processing lotions) of perm, 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 15.45 ppm (Zn), 0.86 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 2.30 ppm (Pb), 0.05 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 13.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). In oxidizing agents (neutralizer) of perm, 1.40 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.09 ppm (Ni), 9.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.02 ppm (Cd), 0.16 ppm (Ni), 8.00 ppm (Zn), 0.85 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). Mean contents of lead(Pb) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 3 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.05). Mean contents of cadmium(Cd) showed significant differences (p<0.001) according to 2 treating both perm agents. Mean contents of nickel (Ni) showed neither. Mean contents of zinc (Zn) showed significant differences according to 2 treating cysteine perm agents (p<0.001) and 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.01). Mean contents of copper (Cu) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.001).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1459-1460
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• 2010

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

People are always pursuing the aesthetic feeling relentlessly. But some people have such problems with their hairs like alopecia, cancer chemotherapy, burns, and scalp injury. So the synthetic hair has played a very important role to make up for these deficiencies. But long term use can lead to adverse reactions or uncomfortable feeling. This is primarily caused by its properties differ with human hair. In particular, nanotribological characterizations (roughness, friction force and adhesive force) of synthetic hair surface are dissatisfy with the needs of normal hairs. This paper presents the experiments on nanotribological characterizations measurements of human hairs (coloring hair, permed hair and common hair) in shampooing condition or without shampooing condition. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to find out a range of synthetic hair nanotribological characterizations which can correspond with natural hair. The measurements of nanotribological characterizations focus on surface roughness, friction force and adhesive force, and a new design of AFM probe was used for measuring the nanotribological characterizations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1135-1140
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• 2005

Dogs are a very good indicator of the pollution load on the environment. They share people's environment and are exposed to the action of the same pollutants. This study was to estimate the heavy metal contents in dog hairs in domestic districts, and to assess effects of age, sex, feed habits, living area, breeding environment and smoking habit of owner. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in 204 samples were 0.09${\pm}$0.10 ${\mu}g$/g, 0.21${\pm}$0.09 ${\mu}g$/g, 0.82${\pm}$0.09 ${\mu}g$/g and 0.48${\pm}$0.07 ${\mu}g$/g (Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr)) in dog hairs, respectively. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr in dog hairs in Yeongnam including Ulsan and Seoul, were higher than in Chungchong and Honam, and concentrations of Pb were significantly different (p<0.01). Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb and Cr in dog hairs increased with age (p<0.05). Only dogs fed commercial pet foods had significantly higher Cd and Cr concentrations in hairs than dogs fed dog feed and human diet (p<0.01 in Cd and p<0.05 in Cr). Cr concentrations of dog hairsfrom dogs kept on cement floors were the highest of the other environments (p<0.01). Heavy metal concentrations of dogs owned by smokers, were higher than dogs of non-smokers, but there were no significant differences.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2006

In the previous study, african marigold petals extract was valued as an excellent natural yellow dye because of its distinguished reactivity with various mordants and color fastness. In this study, we were studied on effect of absorbed metal ion by after-treatment of mordants on the color and fastness in human hair and wool fiber dyed with african marigold petals extract because the proteinic and cellulosic fiber were very well dyed. The dyed human hair showed better dyeing ability in the color fastness than wool fiber on tests of light, wash and perspiration. The absorbed metal ion concentration of mordanted human hairs were 1 or 5 times higher than wool fibers. However, excess of absorbed metal ion haven't consistent effect on K/S and surface color. Human hairs dyed using african marigold extract and mordanted with Al, Sn, Cu and Fe were showed various reddish yellow color groups and good dyeing ability on african marigold extract.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most general childhood problems occurs locally and internationally, but the causes of ADHD are not cleared yet. Therefore, this study tried to examine some parts of the causes of ADHD closely, and finally contribute to the medical treatment of ADHD and its precautionary measures, by measuring and comparing concentration of minerals in hairs of the patients of ADHD and their control group's children. which can analyze the relevance to ADHD and the mineral content in human bodies, and mutual relations between toxic minerals and essential minerals in human bodies. After collection of hairs from 200 children(5 to 7-year-old, boys: 159 girls:41) diagnosed as ADHD by medical specialists based on the standard of DSM-IV diagnosis and their control group's 177 children(boys: 138 girls:39), the mineral concentration of samples was measured through ICP-MS and compared. And correlations between toxic minerals and essential minerals in human bodies among patients group was analyzed. All the toxic minerals(Pb, Hg, Al, Cd, As) of hairs analyzed in the study showed more higher range of concentration in patients group in comparison with their control group. Among them, the concentration of Pb(3.27 $\pm$ 3.82 ppm) and As(0.16 $\pm$ 0.15 ppm) in patients group were significantly high compared to their control group. And in this study Pb among toxic minerals showed negative correlation with Zn(r = -0.43), Mg(r = -0.15) among essential minerals. Cd among toxic minerals showed negative correlation with Zn(r = -0.20) among essential minerals. As among toxic minerals showed negative correlation with Ca(r = -0.14) among essential minerals.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

This study was performed to quantitatively and qualitatively estimate the effect of keratin essence on hair protection against physicochemical damage. Damaged hairs were obtained from an early thirty woman who dyed her hair two times and did digital permanent treatment of her hair two times. The damaged hairs were divided into four experimental groups, which are the control hair (CH) group without additional beauty treatment, the damaged hair (DH) group by additional dyeing treatment, basic essence-treated hair (BEH) group, and keratin essence-treated hair (KEH) groups according to the research goal. The protection effect of keratin essence against the physicochemical damage was quantitatively compared by difference of chrominance measured using a color difference meter and qualitatively compared by difference of outer morphological structure images pictured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The brightness and yellowish blue color of KEH were relatively lower but the reddish blue color was relatively higher than other groups of test hairs. Cuticle structure of the previously DH was irregularly deformed and more strongly deformed or partially broken by additional dyeing treatment. On the other hand, the gaps between cuticle scales of the DH were reformed by treatment with basic essence and reformed and filled by treatment with keratin essence in comparison with the DH group. Conclusively, the keratin essence was effective to protect hair structure against the structural damage induced by the dyeing-treatment, by which the coloring efficiency is thought to be improved.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2002

머리털에 관한 사회적 관심의 증대에 따라 미용처치가 머리털에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 나이에 따라 머리털이 성인과 유사해지는 시기를 확인하고자 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 개월된 어린아이 머리카락을 주사전자현미경으로 살펴본 결과 생후 24개월에 성인의 머리털과 유사한 구조를 가지고 있었다. 미용처치에 의한 물리화학적 영향을 알아보고자 성인의 드라이한 머리카락, 코팅한 머리카락, 염색한 머리카락 및 파마한 머리카락을 각각 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 코팅을 제외한 나머지 처치군에서 손상된 머리털을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 통상적인 미용처치에 사용되는 물리화학적 영향에 의해서도 머리털이 손상될 가능성이 있어 미용처치 시 주의를 할 필요가 있음을 의미하는 것으로 앞으로 이에 대한 자세한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the morphological and physical changes of hair after bleaching treatments with different concentration of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching agent (3, 6, 9, or 12%) and various treatment time (10, 30, or 60 minutes). Tresses of virgin black hair were bleached using a commercial ammonium persulfate-hydrogen peroxide solution. The tensile strength of virgin hair treated with a bleaching agent depended on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the treatment time. As the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching agent went high and the treatment time increased, the tensile strength of the hair increased but the extension degree decreased. The virgin hairs which were not treated by bleaching agent showed morphologically healthy cuticle, whereas the bleached hairs showed swelled and damaged cuticle patterns. The swelling of the hair and the breaks of the cuticles increased positively by the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the treatment time. These results suggest that exposure to more concentrated hydrogen peroxide with other bleaching components may lead to more severe hair damage.