• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.253-257
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• 2010

Two adult rock partridges raised in a city zoo were examined parasitologically and pathologically. Two distinctive eggs resembling those of Capillaria and Heterakis were detected in the feces. At necropsy, a markedly-dilated duodenum with severe catarrhal exudates, containing adult worms of Capillaria sp. and Heterakis sp. in the cecum, was observed. Male Capillaria had the cloacal aperture extended almost terminally with a small bursal lobe and an unsheathed spicule with transverse folds without spines. Female Capillaria had a vulva that was slightly prominent and slightly posterior to the union of the esophagus and intestine. The esophagus of the adult Capillaria was more than a half as long as the body in the male, but was much shorter in the female. Based on these morphological features, the capillarid nematode was identified as Capillaria obsignata. The male adult worms of Heterakis was identifiable by 2 dissimilar spicules, a unique morphological feature where the right spicule was considerably longer than the left, which is also a characteristic feature of Heterakis gallinarum. This is the first report of concurrent infections with C. obsignata and H. gallinarium in rock partridges.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.261-263
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• 2008

Strongyloides stercoralis is a human intestinal parasite which may lead to complicated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised. Here, a case of complicated strongyloidiasis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reported. Presence of numerous S. stercoralis larvae in feces and sputum confirmed the diagnosis of hyperinfection syndrome in this patient. Following recovery of filariform larvae from agar plate culture of the stool, the isolate was characterized for the ITS1 region of ribosomal DNA gene by nested-PCR and sequencing. Albendazole therapy did not have cure effects; and just at the beginning of taking ivermectin, the patient died. The most important clue to prevent such fatal consequences is early diagnosis and proper treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2013

The odor occurring in the sewage system induces the displeasure, the disgust such as the headache, the vomit, etc. and increases the spiritual stress and disturbs the pleasant life of residents. These odors occur mainly in the area of combined sewage system treatment, being created in the personal sewage treatment plant such as septic tank and are incoming to sewage pipes and emitted to the outside through the manhole and the receiver, etc.; and this causes odors to the people. The Hydrogen Sulfide, the Methyl Mercaptan, the Ammonia, etc. are materials causing the odor, the more serious issue of odor is occurring since the septic tank of degradation process is being applied. The primary cause of odor is the decomposition of human feces in the septic tanks and sewage disposal facilities. The purpose of this study is reduction of hydrogen sulfide using air supplying and SOB(Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria). As a result of this study of the air supply system and the SOB media equipment by air supply, in case the air is injected to SOB media compared to the injection of air only, the removal efficiency the hydrogen sulfide was average 3.4 times higher.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.502-511
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• 2013

This study evaluated the composition two popular species of edible bamboo shoots in Korea (Phyllostachyspubescens and Sinoarundinarianigra) and the effect of their abundant dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms in healthy young women. The ranges of total moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and dietary fiber content were 87.190.8, 2.943.5, 0.150.39, 0.411.05, and 4.206.15% (wet weight basis), respectively. Moisture and crude ash content increased after heat treatment; however, crude protein, crude lipid, and dietary fiber content were reduced after heating. The major minerals found in bamboo shoots were potassium, phosphorous, sulfur, magnesium, and calcium. In addition, glucose and fructose were abundant free sugars, while asparagine and tyrosine were the most abundant free amino acids. Approximately 70% of the total free fatty acids found in bamboo shoots were linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The ascorbic acid content was 6.60~17.56 mg/100 g (wet weight basis), and one phenolic compound, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, was 0.10.2% (wet weight basis) and detected by HPLC analysis. The intake of bamboo shoots for seven days significantly increased viable cell counts of Lactobacillus spp. and reduced viable cell counts of Bacteriodes spp. in feces (p<0.05). In our data, bamboo shoots may be useful in the food industry as high dietary fiber ingredients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.512-512
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• 2000

Some planorbid snails such as Hippeutis cantori and Segmentina hemisphaerula have reported as the molluscan intermediate hosts of Neodiplostomum seoulense, one of important snail-borne human intestinal trematodes in Korea. However, one of the Korean lymnaeid snail species, Austropeplea ollular was also found to be the first intermediate ho of N. seoulense. In field-collected Austropeplea snails from Sorae and Kimpo out of se collected localities, the bifurcated cercariae of N. seoulense were shed (infection rat 0.3%), whereas no Radix auricularia and Fossaria truncatula were found shedding cercariae. Each of 12 tadpoles of Rana nigromaculata, known as the second intermedia host of N. seoulense, were exposed to 200 cercariae shed from field-collected A ollula. F tadpoles of R. nigromaculata were found to be massively infected with metacercariae o N. seoulense (recovery rate: 62.1%). Each of five rats (Sprague-Dowley strain) was or fed with 200 metacercariae, and eggs of N. seoulense were detected in the rat feces on week later. These rats were killed 4 weeks after postinfection and adult worms of N seoulense were recovered from the small intestines (recovery rate: 9%). This is the f report of A. ollula as the first molluscan intermediate host for N. seoulense in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 1976

Korea Parasite Eradication Association alleged in its seasonal spring report in 1975 that 36.8 percent of primary, middle and high school students in Seoul area are infected with parasites. Such a high rate of infection is a result of having used raw excrement for manure. Soil is, therefore, to a large extent infected with parasite eggs. In order to present helpful reference materials for preventing parasite infection in the area where human feces have been used for manure, soil in Seoul area and the suburban districts is sampled at random and then the rate of infection in various areas and the variation of infection rate in the same area are studied. The results are as follows 1) The parasite infection rates the according to districts are, Sootaik-ri 39.9%, Chamsil-dong14.2%, Songpa-dong 13.2%, Sageun-dong 12.8% Chayang-dong 11.4%, Sungsoo-dong 8.5%. The above figures show that the rate becomes higher as the area is farther from the urban and residential districts and nearer to the rural area. 2) The rates of detected parasites according to their kinds are as follows Ascaridae 55.9%, Ancylostomatidae 19.9%, Trichocephalus 13.5%, Trichostrongylus 5.7%, Tenia 3.9%, Enterobius 1.1% 3) The monthly variation of infection rate in the same districts, in the case of Sageun-dong, is, August 25.7%, July 18.9%, June 16.2%, September 15.3% April 12.6%, May 11.3%. The above shows that the infection rate of soil is comparatively higher in the summer season.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1432-1440
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• 2012

Weissella confusa 31, an isolate from human feces, possesses desirable properties as a probiotic strain, including bile salt resistance. W. confusa 31 is not inhibited by bile salts up to 0.3% concentration. Proteins affected by bile salts (0.05%) were examined by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Our proteomic analyses revealed that the intensities of 29 spots were changed, where 17 increased (including 2 spots observed only under the bile salts stress conditions) and 12 decreased. Proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Proteins increased in the band intensities included adenylate kinase (12.75-fold increase), Clp-like ATP-dependent protease (11.91-fold), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (10.35-fold), and HSP 70 (5.07-fold). Some of the increased or decreased proteins are also known to be involved in other types of stress responses.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2003

Bifidobacteria are normal inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract throughout lift, starting just days after birth, and are one of several predominant species of the colonic microflora, along with Peptostreptococcus, Eubacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroides. Bifidobacteria differ from lactic acid bacteria in that they produce not only lactic acid but also acetic acid as major fermentation products. The classification of bifidobacteria has changed numerous times since they were discovered in 1899 in the feces of breast-fed infants. Since 1994, three additional species have been included in the list (B. lactis, B. inopinatum, and B. denticolens), with a current total of 32 species. A variety of probiotic effects of bifidobacteria are currently being investigated. Research reports suggests several potential probiotic advantages, in particular antimicrobial effects, immune-modulation reduction of the cancer risk, and modulation of gastrointestinal flora. As technological challenges related to viability and enumeration are being overcome, milks fermented with these anaerobic microorganisms(alone or in combination with lactic acid bacteria) are more able to provide consistently satisfying with large numbers of viable microorganisms. Over 70 products containing bifidobacteria are currently offered around the world, including fermented milks, cheese, buttermilk frozen desserts, candy, and pharmaceutical preparations.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2007

Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies used in treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. This experiment was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of orally administrated Artemisia capillaris extracts on the pathogenic bacteria in 200 ICR mice. The experimental groups showed inhibitory effects on the bacteria in $1{\sim}3$ days after inoculation. After 21 days of inoculation, no viable bacterial cells appeared in the feces of both experimental groups while they did appear in the control group. The results of these studies indicate Artemisia capillaris extract exhibited excellent antimicrobial and inhibitory effects on the food poisoning pathogenic bacteria; S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

An overview of the epidemiological, biological, and clinical studies of Taenia and taeniasis in Taiwan for the past century is presented. The phenomenal observations that led to the discovery of Taenia asiatica as a new species, which differ from Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, are described. Parasitological surveys of the aborigines in Taiwan revealed a high prevalence of taeniasis, which might be due to the culture of eating raw liver of hunted wild boars. Chemotherapeutic deworming trials involving many patients with taeniasis were discussed. Praziquantel was found to be very effective, but sometimes complete worms could not be recovered from the feces after treatment, probably due to the dissolution of the proglottids. Atabrine, despite some side effects, can still be used, in properly controlled dosages, as the drug of choice for human T. asiatica infection if we need to recover the expelled worms for morphological examinations. Research results on the infection of T. asiatica eggs from Taiwan aborigines in experimental animals were also noted. Since the pig serve as the natural intermediate host of T. asiatica and the predilection site is the liver, a differential comparison of other parasitic pathogens that might cause apparently similar lesions is also presented.