• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.385-411
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• 2008

The goal of medicine is to contribute to promoting national health by preventing diseases and providing treatment. The scope of modern medicine isn't merely confined to disease testing, treatment and prevention in accordance to that, and making experiments by using the human body is widespread. The advance in modern medicine has made a great contribution to valuing human dignity and actualizing a manly life, but there is a problem that has still nagged modern medicine: treatment and healing for terminal patients including cancer patients. In advanced countries, pain care and hospice medicine are already universal. Offering a helping hand for terminal patients to lead a less painful and more manly life from diverse angles instead of merely focusing on treatment is called the very hospice medicine. That is a comprehensive package of medical services to take care of death-facing terminal patients and their families with affection. That is providing physical, mental and social support for the patients to pass away in peace after living a dignified and decent life, and that is comforting their bereaved families. The National Hospice Organization of the United States provides terminal patients and their families with sustained hospital care and home care in a move to lend assistance to them. In our country, however, tertiary medical institutions simply provide medical care for terminal patients to extend their lives, and there are few institutional efforts to help them. Hospice medicine is offered mostly in our country by non- professionals including doctors, nurses, social workers, pastors or physical therapists. Terminal patients' needs cannot be satisfied in the same manner as those of other patients, and it's needed to take a different approach to their treatment as well. Nevertheless, the focus of medical care is still placed on treatment only, which should be taken seriously. Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service held a public hearing on May 21, 2008, on the cost of hospice care, quality control and demonstration project to gather extensive opinions from the academic community, experts and consumer groups to draw up plans about manpower supply, facilities and demonstration project, but the institutions are not going to work on hospice education, securement of facilities and relevant legislation. In 2002, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs made an official announcement to introduce a hospice nurse system to nurture nurse specialists in this area. That ministry legislated for the qualifications of advanced nurse practitioner and a hospice nurse system(Article 24 and 2 in Enforcement Regulations for the Medical Law), but few specific plans are under way to carry out the regulations. It's well known that the medical law defines a nurse as a professional health care worker, and there is a move to draw a line between the responsibilities of doctors and those of nurses in association with medical errors. Specifically, the roles of professional hospice are increasingly expected to be accentuated in conjunction with treatment for terminal patients, and it seems that delving into possible problems with the job performance of nurses and coming up with workable countermeasures are what scholars of conscience should do in an effort to contribute to the development of medicine and the realization of a dignified and manly life.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.285-291
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• 2020

In manufacturing, humans are being replaced with robots, but expert skills remain difficult to convert to data, making them difficult to apply to industrial robots. One method is by visual motion recognition, but physical features may be judged differently depending on the image data. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of vision methods for estimating the posture of humans. Three OpenPose vision models were applied: MPII, COCO, and COCO+foot. To identify the effects of face-covering accessories and image preprocessing on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structure, the presence/non-presence of accessories, image size, and filtering were set as the parameters affecting the identification of a human's posture. For each parameter, image data were applied to the three models, and the errors between the actual and predicted values, as well as the percentage correct keypoints (PCK), were calculated. The COCO+foot model showed the lowest sensitivity to all three parameters. A <50% (from 3024×4032 to 1512×2016 pixels) reduction in image size was considered acceptable. Emboss filtering, in combination with MPII, provided the best results (reduced error of <60 pixels).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.2 s.23
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• pp.33-40
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• 2005

According to the development of technology of the navigational equipments, many bridge equipments have been improved, however, marine accidents by human error have not been reduced. Therefore, a matter of primary concern is focused on whether bridge equipments of ships are ergonomically arranged to reduce errors due to human factors. As part of a design of IBS(Integrated Bridge System) standard, rules of the conning display to save time and additional movements to obtain important informations of a ship should be established as soon as possible. In the present study, ergonomic design factors for the conning display are studied through the survey of related works, heuristic evaluations, sketch method tests as well as questionnaires. Using these factors, new conning display was designed and the ergonomic indices were evaluated by comparing tests of the existing conning displays. It is found that the designed conning display obtained high ergonomic index showed better performance, therefore, the ergonomic index studied in the present paper can be used as a useful design standard in the conning display design procedures.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

Purpose: The objective of the study: At present, the spectacles, with its use as a medical aids or a fashion trimming, are recognized as one of the living necessities which can't be separated from human body. One of the features of spectacles is that it must be worn on any part of human body. Such a feature has to be satisfied under the condition an user keeps feeling comfortable with the rim of spectacles worn. In order to ensure meeting this condition, a criterion has to be arranged for the design of the rim of spectacles. In order to manufacture a rim of spectacles which allows an user to secure a comfortable range of vision as well as enhancing the feeling when to be worn, a manufacturing standard has to be established based on optical science. No precise rim of spectacles could be made from the manufacturing method depending on the manufacturer's sensibility. When the rim of spectacles was manufactured according to the incorrect standards, it may cause an user such a fatal result as myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism. Methods: This study focuses on providing a detailed explanation about the design of rim, which is the most important element during designing a rim of spectacles, making use of the optical elements of spectacles, and helping the manufacturers and the people who work in the spectacles-related business understand and recognize what is correct and exact and then leading them to establish a standard in respect to the manufacture and selection of spectacles. Results, Conclusions: Considering the fact there happen many errors in relation with the names of rim stipulated in the provisions of International Standards Organization (ISO), due to wrong interpretation by some of the rim manufacturers, the right interpretation should be given about the bridge which is directly connected to rim, so that the rims of spectacles manufactured in Korea could keep a favorable position in competing with the foreign products of same kinds.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-114
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify college students' supportive attitude toward the elderly and their awareness of the socialization of care for the elderly, since they will have the responsibility for and the support of the aged society in the near future. This study was also conducted to analyze the factors which affect the socialization of elderly care, and to contribute to building a care system which promotes ahealthy and happy lifestyle for the elderly. After conducting a survey of 1,100 students from13 universities around the entire country, I have analyzed 1,089 data forms, and omitted 11 data entries which had errors or were not answered. 1. Those surveyed are 1,089 students from 13 universities around the entire country. Regional distributions are as follows : 263 students from 4 universities in Daegu and Kyongsangbuk Do(24.2%), 291 students from 3 universities in Busan and Kyongsangnam Do(26.7%), 272 students from 2 universities in Jeolla Do(25.0%), 263 students from 4 universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi Do. Males are 51.7% and females are 48.3% of these students. 2. Instrumental supportive sense level is high in men and emotional supportive sense level is higher in women. Also emotional supportive sense is higher in groups of those having more family members and coming from agricultural regions. 3. The sense of living with aged parents is higher in those living with grandparents than those living separate. The sense of living with sons and daughters after aging is stronger in the students from the Science and Engineering Departments than in the Social and Human Sciences Departments; also higher for men than women. 4. Recognition of elderly care socialization is higher in those from Social and Human Sciences Departments than from Science and Engineering Departments; higher in the case of upper classmenand aged groups, groups having fewer family members than more family members, and in the case of living separated from grandparents. 5. The factors affecting the sense of living with grandparents were family cohesion and instrumental supportive sense. The factors affecting the sense of elderly care socialization were family cohesion, instrumental supportive sense, and emotional supportive sense. From the results it is concluded that to insure a healthy and happy lifestyle for aged people, elderly care socialization offered by society and the country must provide desirable, appropriate care services based on the centralized support system of the family. In order to do this, we propose that elderly care needs inter-family and inter-generational fusion programs to improve family cohesion and care recognition. Also, elderly care is in urgent need to build a strong Family and Health Welfare System for care socialization.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

This study was conducted to reproduce digital colour based on the lightness of the background and size of the colour stimulus so that colour can be similarly perceived under different conditions. With the evolution of display technologies, display devices of various sizes can now reproduce more accurate colour and enhanced images, thus affecting the overall quality of display images. This study reproduced digital colour by considering the visual characteristics of the digital media environment. To accomplish this, we developed a colour appearance model which distinguishes the properties of foveal and peripheral vision. The proposed model is based on existing research on the lightness of the background and size of the colour stimulus. Based on experimental results, an analysis of variance was performed in order to develop the colour appearance model. The algorithm and modelling were verified based on the proposed model. In addition, to apply this model to display technologies, a practical colour control system and a method for handling complex input images were developed. Through this research, colour conversion errors which might occur when the input image is converted to fit a specific display size are resolved from the perspective of the human visual system. As a result, more accurate colour can be displayed and enhanced images can be reproduced.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.373-380
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• 2017

Operational errors caused by human factors, which is the major cause of marine accidents, include lack of knowledge, misunderstanding knowledge, and inadequate procedures. Recently, the type of propulsion mounted on KCG cutters has been diversified. In particular, the water jet propulsion unit, which was mainly installed in small boats, have been gradually expanded to medium and large size Coast Guard cutters, reaching 50% of the total. Axes types are divided into 2 to 4, and the bucket types are divided into Double Reverse Bucket(DRB) and Single Reverse Bucket(SRB); in these, the backward and steering control methods are completely different. Diversification of these operating systems can increase factors causing human error by the ships' operators. However, there is a lack of research on the maneuvering methods, considering the inherent active characteristics of each type of water jet. In this paper, we analyze the sideway method suitable for the condition of Coast Guard Exclusive wharf without assistance, based on the astern performance of each type. Then, a ship handling simulator was used for the experiment; they compared and verified through interviews of captains.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.25-38
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• 2019

For many years, emotions have been regarded as dangerous as well as obstructive to reason and rationality. Even in the history of dramatic genres based on human behavior, emotions are often portrayed as errors or flaws that lead to the collapse of characters, even though they are presented as powerful motives to evoke the characters' actions. Based on the development of the cognitive science field today, it is revealed how emotion is important for human thinking, judgment and action, and how closely reason and emotion are combined. This study examines emotions dealt with in drama genres on the basis of the sociality of emotions. Emotions also play a crucial role in the change and judgment of the audience of drama. This study examines the sociality of emotions and looks at the social aspect of individual emotions through the movie as a text. Just as horror movies attempt to communicate using and expanding feelings of fear, the movie uses the emotions of 'Sad' and 'Losing' to try to expand and share it. And I look into the mechanism in which the emotions of the characters in drama are transmitted to the audience in the form of empathy.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.967-971
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• 2023

Recently, a variety of AI-based platform services are available, and one of them is ChatGPT that processes a large quantity of data in the natural language and generates an answer after self-learning. ChatGPT can perform various tasks including software programming in the IT sector. Particularly, it may help generate a simple program and correct errors using C Language, which is a major programming language. Accordingly, it is expected that ChatGPT is capable of effectively using Verilog HDL, which is a hardware language created in C Language. Verilog HDL synthesis, however, is to generate imperative sentences in a logical circuit form and thus it needs to be verified whether the products are executed properly. In this paper, we aim to select small-scale logical circuits for ease of experimentation and to verify the results of circuits generated by ChatGPT and human-designed circuits. As to experimental environments, Xilinx ISE 14.7 was used for module modeling, and the xc3s1000 FPGA chip was used for module embodiment. Comparative analysis was performed on the use area and processing time of FPGA to compare the performance of ChatGPT products and Verilog HDL products.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2002

Purpose : To demonstrate that the relaxographic method provides additional information such as the distribution of relaxation times and water content which are poentially applicable to clinical medicine. Materials and Methods : First, the computer simulation was performed with the generated relaxation data to verify the accuracy and reliabilility of the relaxographic method (CONTINI). Secondly, in or der to see how well the CONTIN quantifies and resolves the two different ${T_1}$ environments, we calculated the oil to water peak area ratios and identified peak positions of ${T_1}-distribution$ curve of the phantom solutions, which consist of four centrifugal tubes (10 ml) filled with the compounds of 0, 10, 20, 30% of corn oil and distilled water, using CONTIN. Finally, inversion recovery MR images for a volunteer are acquired for each TI ranged from 40 to 1160 msec with TR/TE=2200/20 msec. From the 3 different ROIs (GM, WM, CSF), CONTIN analysis was performed to obtain the ${T_1}$-distribution curves, which gave peak positions and peak area of each ROI location. Results : The simulation result shows that the errors of peak positions were less in the higher peak (centered ${T_1}=600$ msec) than in the lower peak (centered ${T_1}=150$ msec) for all SNR but the errors of peak areas were larger in the higher peak than in the lower peak. The CONTIN analysis of the measured relaxation data of phantoms revealed two peaks between 20 and 60 msec and between 500 and 700 msec. The analysis gives the peak area ratio as oil 10%: oil 20%: oil 30% = 1:1.3:1.9, which is different from the exact ratio, 1:2:3. For human brain, in ROI 3 (CSF), only one component of -distributions was observed whereas in ROI 1(GM) and in ROI 2 (WM) we observed two components of ${T_1}-distribution$. For the WM and CSF there was great agreement between the observed ${T_1}-relaxation$ times and the reported values. Conclusion : we demonstrated that the relaxographic method provided additional information such as the distribution of relaxation times and water content, which were not available in the routine relaxometry and ${T_1}/{T_2}$ mapping techniques. In addition, these additional information provided by relaxographic analysis may have clinical importance.