• 제목/요약/키워드: human capital theory

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Factors Affecting Human Capital and Innovative Entrepreneurial Capabilities of Tour Operators: Evidence from Andaman Coast, Thailand

  • HAREEBIN, Yuttachai
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제7권10호
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    • pp.359-368
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    • 2020
  • This research seeks to explain factors and relationship models of entrepreneurs capable of building service innovations in Andaman coast with the ultimate aim to ignite sufficient development of regional tourism, increase working potentials, and provide a guideline for tour operations. Initially, document examination and discussions with five experts were conducted to build in-depth interview questions. 19 entrepreneurs were interviewed to examine factors involved and we consulted later with the five experts and six successful entrepreneurs in the regions, as well as with the representatives of the Association of Thai Tour Operators and Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) of Phuket, Krabi, and Trang. The results were analyzed according to the theory of resource-based and innovative entrepreneurs. The factors obtained were generated from systematic causes: Nature of Entrepreneurships and Organizational capabilities, the mediator variables of Service Innovation Capability; and Organizational Performance (non-finance). Moreover, the external factors needing to be adjusted regarding the environmental changes were described. The tour operators are suggested to build networking to increase tourism potential with sustainability by providing the entrepreneurs opportunities to be involved in tourism development, accessing the knowledge, technology and innovations resulting in sustainable tourism, quality livelihood, and sustainable ecological management of communities.

소셜 미디어에서 정보공유를 위한 애착의 매개역할: 사회적 자본이론 관점 (Mediating Roles of Attachment for Information Sharing in Social Media: Social Capital Theory Perspective)

  • 정남호;한희정;구철모
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2012
  • Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.

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민간경호경비의 발전에 대한 자본주의의 사회환경적 해석 (Social Environment Research of Capitalism for the Private Security Development)

  • 김창호;공배완
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제7호
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    • pp.125-154
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    • 2004
  • Capitalism is based on a material desire of the human being. the social control of capital value and the management of capital ability reflects the actual condition of the capitalism well. The unconstrained growing and the expansion of capitalism, it finally lost social meaning and an importance of human being element and the safety of the civilian life, began to threat the security of citizen by forming over the material center structure of society. Improving human life quality and material richness on their life leads positive factor of capitalism whereas is causing several crimes through the society which is being threatened around a human being life for a negative factor of the capitalism. Therefore capitalistic social system has offered both a positive factor 'growing' and 'richness' and that of a negative 'structural poverty' and 'lack of security' and they have been remaining the assignment of capitalism 'poverty' and 'security' by settlement in the society for a extremely phenomenon of both sides. The objective of this research is to build its study theory and establish its causal relation by illuminating for the social environment of capitalism for a private guard or a development background of the civil security contributing for citizen security, as well as gets the clue of the development possibility of the civil guard and escort field and the development of capitalism. In Korea because their recognition of the study approach and the social safety for social security control function is still staying first step and our daily life is annoying from various threat of the society, many studies and the realistic necessity of experience related with social security is being studied. In addition, The development possibility of the civil guard and defense at the civil field which will be keep the social security has a wide position but its study approach and realistic comprehension is still in insufficient condition. Consequently, this research is started to grasp the security of civil fiend and to grope a development possibility through the research of capitalism.

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EVALUATION OF MINIMUM REVENUE GUARANTEE(MRG) IN BOT PROJECT FINANCE WITH OPTION PRICING THEORY

  • Jae Bum Jun
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • pp.800-807
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    • 2009
  • The limited public funds available for infrastructure projects have led governments to consider private entities' participation in long-term contracts for finance, construction, and operation of these projects to share risks and rewards between the public and the private. Because these projects have complicated risk evolutions, diverse contractual forms for each project member to hedge risks involved in a project are necessary. In light of this, Build-Operate-Transfer(BOT) model is considered as effective to accomplish Public Private Partnerships(PPPs) with a characteristic of an ownership-reversion. In BOT projects, the government has used such an incentive system as minimum revenue guarantee(MRG) agreement to attract the private's participation. Although this agreement turns out critical in success of BOT project, there still exist problematic issues in a financial feasibility analysis since the traditional capital budgeting theory, Net Present Value(NPV) analysis, has failed to evaluate the contingent characteristic of MRG agreement. The purpose of this research is to develop real option model based on option pricing theory so as to provide a theoretical framework in valuing MRG agreement in BOT projects. To understand the applicability of the model, the model is applied to the example of the BOT toll road project and the results are compared with that by NPV analysis. Finally, we found that the impact of the MRG agreement is significant on the project value. Hence, the real option model can help the government establish better BOT policies and the developer make appropriate bidding strategies.

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우리나라의 교육투자 수익률 분석에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Rates of Return to Education)

  • 현창우
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제18권36호
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    • pp.349-363
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of the study was to estimate and analyze the rates of return to educational investment. The study was designed to estimate the social and private rates of return to educational investment by school level and sex in order to measure education's economic value with a viewpoint of human capital theory. The produced result of this study are as follows. The social rates of return to education turned out to be male high school 7.94%, male junior college 3.74%, male university 8.50% female high school 4.30%, female junior college 10.11%, female university 6.92%. The private rates of return to education turned out to be male high school 8.41%, male junior college 3.39%, male university 8.38%, female high school 7.90%, female junior college 10.34%, female university 7.33%, In order to measure economic value of educational investment, rates of return to education were compared with those to physical capital investment. Social rates of return to education turned out to be profitable for female junior college, while for private rates of return to education turned out to be profitable in all school levels except for male junior college.

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Determinants of the Competitiveness of Women-Owned Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Empirical Study from Vietnam

  • DAO, Tien Ngoc;LE, Ha Thi Thu;CHU, Phuong Thi Mai;PHAM, Ngan Hoang;LUONG, Trang Thi Dai;TRAN, Dung Tri
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권12호
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    • pp.345-352
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    • 2021
  • Guided by a resource-based theory, this study is the first one that takes a quantitative approach to identify determinants of competitiveness of women-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The study employs time series data of Vietnamese SMEs extracted from the Vietnam Small and Medium Enterprises Survey conducted biennially from 2005 to 2015 in ten Vietnamese provinces. Firm competitiveness hereby is indicated by revenue, market share, profitability, and export volume. The research reveals a number of determining factors, of all, research and development, labor skills, business environment, technology investment are the most important factors, followed by capital and headcount. It is indicated that the determining factors have different influences on competitiveness obtained by different measurements. Therefore, it is based on specific targets and situations to make wise business decisions. The authors also make comparisons among groups of women-owned enterprises divided by their firm age, location, ownership, export, age, and educational background of business owners. The findings serve as critical empirical evidence and provide policy recommendations for improving the competitiveness of women-owned SMEs in Vietnam. The recommendations range from technology support, education and professional support for female entrepreneurs, access to capital and human resources to business environment improvement.

레버리지 주기 이론의 지리적 확장: 불황 주택시장의 서브프라임 부동산 투자자를 중심으로 (Geographic Expansion of the Leverage Cycle Theory: Focusing on the Subprime Real Estate Investor in the Depressed Housing Market)

  • 이후빈
    • 한국경제지리학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.592-609
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    • 2019
  • 본 논문은 서브프라임 부동산 투자자를 활용해서 레버리지 주기 이론의 지리적 확장을 시도한다. 레버리지 주기 이론은 낙관적 구매자 중심의 거래구성 재편으로 기초요인 변화와 무관한 자산가격 변동을 입증했지만, 금융위기의 지리적 기원을 설명하기 위해서는 저소득층 주거지역이 몰려 있는 불황 주택시장에서 이 이론이 어떻게 작동하는 지를 파악해야 한다. 불황 주택시장에서 서브프라임 부동산 투자자는 저소득층 주거지역에 집중했고, 이에 따라 저소득층 주거지역의 주택거래는 부동산 투자자 중심으로 구성되었다. 새로운 행위주체로서 서브프라임 부동산 투자자의 발굴은 레버리지 주기 이론을 자본투자의 취약지역이었던 불황 주택시장에 적용할 수 있는 토대를 마련한다. 이와 같은 시도는 경제이론의 지리적 재해석으로 경제지리학이 경제현상의 시공간적 맥락을 어떻게 복구할 수 있는지를 예시한다.

임금과 인사고과 : 대기업 인사데이터를 활용한 실증분석 (Wage and Performance Rating : New Evidence from Personnel Data of a Korean Large Firm)

  • 엄동욱
    • 노동경제논집
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.47-74
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 임금과 생산성의 관계에 대한 선행 연구에서 근호자의 생산성 지표로서 인사고과 정보를 활용한 Medoff and Abraham과 Flabbi and Ichino의 연구를 한국 대기업의 인사데이터(2000년, 제조업 근로자)에 적용하여 재현하였다. 임금함수의 OLS 추정과 임금 및 인사고과 분포를 활용한 다항로짓함수 추정을 통해 분석한 결과, 근로자 개인의 생산성을 통제한다고 하더라도 연공임금은 계속 나타났다. 이는 선행연구와 동일하게 연공임금을 설명함에 있어 인적자본 이론보다는 인센티브 이론이 더 적절하다는 것을 시사한다.

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다각화된 기업의 기술혁신과 조직화 방식 : 지식기반이론 관점을 중심으로 (Organizing Mechanisms and Technological Innovation in Diversified Corporations : A Perspective of Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm)

  • 김희천;배종석;허문구
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.93-114
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    • 2009
  • This paper presents a knowledge-based view of the multi-business firm. The multi-business firm has advantages in technological innovation and knowledge creation to the extent that it embodies various ideas and resources, and recombines them more effectively and efficiently than market contracts. The purpose of this paper is to identify how to organize the multidivisional form (M-form) structure to realize such advantages. We first differentiate within-division innovation and cross-division innovation, and explain why cross-division innovation, despite its higher performance potential, would be more difficult to achieve, compared to within-division innovation. Then, we offer the propositions about how to promote cross-division innovation with references to resource capability and coordination capability that is, in turn, composed of structural and control system, social capital, and human resource management system. We conclude by discussing theoretical and practical implications.

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한국 정치지리학과 인문지리학 일반 50년의 회고 (Retrospect and prospect of political geography and general-synoptic part of human geography in Korea)

  • 임덕순
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.295-308
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    • 1996
  • 1945년 8월 광복을 맞았을 당시 국내 정치지리학은 사실상 그 존재를 말할 형편이 못 되었다. 미군정 기간중인 1947년 초에야 비지리학자 표문화가$\ulcorner$조선 지정학 개관 : 조선 의 과거 현재와 장래$\lrcorner$를 출간했을 정도였다. 국내 지리학자로서 최초의 정치지리학 체계서 를 써낸 사람은 최복현이었다. 그의 정치지리학(1959)은 당시 미국 영향을 크게 받은 것이 다. 형기주는 국내서 지리학을 공부한 사람으로서는 최초의 정치지리학 논문(국토 통일 가 능성)을 쓴 사람이다. 1960년대 종반에 들어서서 국내 정치지리학은 꿈틀거리기 시작했다. 김대경, 차윤, 임덕순 등에 의해서였다. 1970년대에 들어서서도 연구 활기는 지속되었는데 특히 동년대 초반에 해방후 국내 지리학 수업자에 의한 최초의 정치지리학 체계서(임덕순) 가 나온 점은 특기할 만하다. 1980년대 중반에는 양적으로 보아 정치지리학이 크게 발전한 시기이다. 박사학위 논문도 최초로 나왔고 석사학위 논문도 이후 다수 나왔다. 전기간에 걸 쳐 볼 때 정치지리 연구는 \circled1 수도, \circled2 행정구역, \circled3 지정적 구조 (특히 한반도), \circled4 분단- 통일, \circled5 각급 행정수도, \circled6 성곽, \circled7 선거, \circled8 도시정치 순의 8대 범주에 걸쳐서 크게 이루 어졌다. 한국의 정치지리학은 국내 문제와 관련, \circled1 국토통일, \circled2 3면 임해의 활동, \circled2 영호 남 불통합의 3대 과제에 연구를 더 기울여야 한다. 학문 자체와 관련해서는 \circled1 신 지정학적 연구, \circled2 전략-군사지리 연구 등에 크게 힘을 기울일 필요가 있다. 인문지리학 일반 연구는 $\ulcorner$인문지리학$\lrcorner$을 써낸 김경성으로부터 논의하는 것이 타당하다. 이후 약 20년이 지나고나 서 오홍석의 비포괄적이나마 $\ulcorner$인문지리학 원리$\lrcorner$가 나왔다. 1970년대 중반이후 인문지리의 실증-계량적 분석에 대한 비판이 일어나기 시작했고, 그런 중에 1980년대 초반에 인문지리 학 방법론상 중요한 2개의 대립적 논문 (김인의 공간지리학 옹호와 최기엽의 장소이해 옹 호)이 나왔다. 그후 방법론상의 논의가 5-6편 나와 오늘에 이르렀다. $\ulcorner$인문지리조사법$\lrcorner$ 교 재가 역시 비포괄적이나마 국내 최초로 출간된 것은 1988년 (조동규)의 일이다. 포괄성이 훌 륭한 인문지리학 체계서의 출간이 절실히 요망된다. 방법론에 있어서는 공간-계량적 입장과 지역-종합-해석적 입장간의 조화와 상호보완이 있어야 할 것이다.

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