• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.323-331
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• 2005

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of $\beta-lapachone$, a quinone obtained from the bark of the lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae) in South America, on the cell growth of human hepatoma (HepG2) and bladder (T24) carcinoma cells. Exposure of cancer cells to $\beta-lapachone$ resulted in growth inhibition, morphological changes and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, which could be proved by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses revealed that $\beta-lapachone$ did not affect the levels of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 (WAFl/CIPl) expression. However, the transcriptional factor Sp-l and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein levels were significantly down-regulated by $\beta-lapachone$ in both cell lines. Moreover, $\beta-lapachone$ treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the expression of telomere regulatory gene products such as human telomere reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and telomerase-associated protein-l (TEP-l). Taken together, these findings suggest that $\beta-lapachone$-induced inhibition of human hepatoma and bladder carcinoma cell proliferation is associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death via modulation of several major growth regulatory gene products, and provide important new insights into the additional mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of $\beta-lapachone$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2009

In previous study, we have shown that continentalic acid (CA) isolated from Aralia continentalis induced the growth inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In this study, we examine the effects of CA from A. continentalis on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in human leukemia HL-60 and mouse fibroblast NIH 3T3 cell lines. The results demonstrated that CA decreased cell growth of leukemia HL-60 cells but not human HaCaT keratinocytes, assessed with the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. Flow cytometric analysis of mouse fibroblast cell lines exposed to CA showed that apoptotic cells increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment with CA decreased the number of normal cells and increased the number of early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis in mouse cell lines by CA was mediated through the activation of caspase-3, Bak, and Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Our results suggest that CA efficiently induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.403-408
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• 2002

We prepared extracts from bark, leaf and fruit of Sorbus commixta Hedl using by water and ethanol. To test for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity on extracts, we used Rec assay and Ames test. The result of Rec assay, the extracts of the Sorbus commixta Hedl did not show a DNA-damage activity. The results of Ames test were provided that extracts of Sorbus commixta Hedl showed $43{\sim}73\;%$ antimutagenic activities. In the inhibition ratio of the growth of several human cancer cells (A549, HepG2, MCF7), 91% of MCF7 cell growth, 94% of A549 cell growth and 91% HepG2 cell growth were inhibited by adding 1mg/ml of fruit ethanol extracts, bark ethanol extracts and fruit ethanol extracts, respectively. There was a little cytotoxicity on human normal hephatocyte (WRL68), extracts(1mg/ml) showed over the 70% survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4235-4238
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• 2013

Glucoraphanin is the main glucosinolate found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae). The objective of the study was to evaluate whether glucoraphanin and its breakdown product sulforaphane, are potent modulators of various phase I and phase II enzymes involved in carcinogen-metabolising enzyme systems in vitro. The glucosinolate glucoraphanin was isolated from cruciferous vegetables and exposed to human hepatoma cell line HepG2 at various concentrations (0-25 ${\mu}M$) for 24 hours. Glucoraphanin at higher concentration (25 ${\mu}M$) decreased dealkylation of methoxyresorufin, a marker for cytochrome P4501 activity; supplementation of the incubation medium with myrosinase (0.018 U), the enzyme that converts glucosinolate to its corresponding isothiocyanate, showed minimal induction in this enzyme activity at concentration 10 ${\mu}M$. Quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were unaffected by this glucosinolate; however, supplementation of the incubation medium with myrosinase elevated quinone reductase activity. It may be inferred that the breakdown product of glucoraphanin, in this case sulforaphane, is superior than its precursor in modulating carcinogen-metabolising enzyme systems in vitro and this is likely to impact on the chemopreventive activity linked to cruciferous vegetable consumption.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.156-161
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• 2001

We investigated the effects of polyacetylenes of ginseng on farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) and carboxyl methyl transferase (CMTase) activities related to post-translational modification of Ras protein. We also investigated the effect of petroleum ether extract (PEE) of ginseng on progression of cell cycle. FPTase activity was respectively inhibited 16.2% by 10mM panaxynol and 21.3% by 10mM panaxydol, whereas CMTase activity was not inhibited by panaxynol or panaxydol. Treatment of PEE significantly reduced the numbers and size of human colon cancer cell (HT-29) and human liver cancer cell(HepG2) cultured, respectively. To investigate the mechanism of growth inhibition by PEE of ginseng, we analyzed the cell cycle progressions of PT-29 and HepG2 cells, respectively. We found that PEE significantly inhibited progression of cell cycle from G1 to S phase. These results suggest that anticancer effects of PEE were derived from the arrest of G1 phase in cell cycle progression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1321-1325
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• 1999

The inhibitory effect of Ramaria botrytis on the mutagenicity in Salmonella assay and cytotoxicity on cancer cell were studied. Ramaria botrytis methanol extracts showed antimutagenic effects of 60~90% on B(a)P and AFB1 in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. These extracts showed 73~85% antimutagenicity on TA100 against MNNG. The methanol extracts with strong antimutagenic activities were further fractionated by ethylacetate and water, the ethylacetate fraction were found to be stronger antimutagen icity against MNNG than water fraction. Ramaria botrytis methanol extracts and ethylacetate fraction revealed the highest cytoxicity against HT 29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells in which cell growth was inhibited by 57~88% and 69~94% at 0.25~1.0mg/ml, respectively. These methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited 53~79% and 66~87% inhibition against HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells, respectively. But water fraction showed only 10~24% inhibition. However, these extract and fractions did not show cytotoxic effect against human chang liver cells. From these results, it is considered that Ramaria botrytis has stronger antimutagenic and anticancer effects in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.551-557
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• 2020

In this study, we were performed to elucidate the antioxidant and anticancer activity by leaves extracts from Acer tegmentosum (AT-L). In DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, the AT-L revealed the high scavenging activity. Especially, the AT-L measured the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity, which is higher than ascorbic acid. The types of human cancer cells for evaluating the anticancer activity were colorectal cancer (SW480), prostate cancer (PC-3), breast cancer (MCF-7), pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1), lung cancer (A549) and liver cancer (HepG2). Human cancer cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Treatment of the AT-L decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in SW480 cells. These results suggest that extracts of the AT-L can be used as supplementary material for developing the natural antioxidant and anticancer drug for human cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.784-789
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• 2005

The inhibitory effects of hot water extracts of Rhus verniciflua Stokes pith and peel roasted at 170, 200 and $220^{\circ}C$ on lipid peroxidation, formation of DPPH free radicals and growth of four human cancer cells such as HepG2 (liver cancer), SNU-1 (stomach cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and Widr (colon cancer) were examined. The antioxidant activities and growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells of hot water extracts of peel were higher than those of pith, and the activities were dose-dependent. The roasting temperature showing the highest antioxidant activities and growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells was in the range of $170\~200^{\circ}C$ The lipid peroxidation and formation of DPPH free radicals of hot water extracts of roasted pith and peel were inhibited to 50.9, $56.5\%\;and\;79.0,\;78.4\%$ at the concentration of $500\mu g/mL$, respectively. The growth inhibitory effects of roasted pith and peel on cancer cells were in the order of Widr (41.5, $36.0\%$) > HepG2 (61.5, $44.0\%$) > MCF-7 (92.0, $69.2\%$)> SNU-1 (100, $100\%$) cells at the concentration of $1,000\mu g/mL$ as compared with the control, respectively. These results suggest that roasted Rhus verniciflua Stokes could be an useful natural medicinal plant for colon cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2016

Oleanolic acid (OA) has a wide variety of bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity and is used for medicinal purposes in many Asian countries. In the present study, the effect of OA on induction of autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and SMC7721 cells and the related mechanisms were investigated. MTT assay showed that OA significantly inhibited HepG2 and SMC7721 cells growth. OA treatment enhanced formation of autophagic vacuoles as revealed by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. At the same time, increasing punctuate distribution of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and an increasing ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I were also triggered by OA incubation. In addition, OA-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) pretreatment. And we found out that OA can suppress the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, our data suggested that OA-triggered autophagy was ROS-dependent as demonstrated by elevated cellular ROS levels by OA treatment. When ROS was cleared by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), OA-induced LC3-II convertsion and cell death were all reversed. Taken together, our results suggest that OA exerts anticancer effect via autophagic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.538-544
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power), nitric oxide (NO)) production and anticancer activities against human cancer cells (HeLa HepG2, HT-29 and MCF-7) for methanol extracts of Glycine Semen Germinatum (Daedoowhangkeun in Korean) fermented with germinated black soybean and some bacteria. Antioxidant activities were increased by increasing the concentration of the extract at dose-dependent manner, Their activities of black soybean were higher than those of yellow soybean. Non fermented sample was slightly higher than Glycine Semen Germinatum fermented with Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria. In 1 mg/mL of the extract NO production levels were $0.374\;{\mu}M$ for yellow soybean, $0.368\;{\mu}M$ for black soybean, and $0.367\;{\mu}M$ and $0.358\;{\mu}M$ for Glycine Semen Germinatum fermented with B. subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, respectively. Methanol extract of Glycine Semen Germinatum fermented with mixture broth of lactic acid bacteria was shown to be the highest activity for anticancer activities against human cancer cells tested and their activities were exhibited in the order of HeLa > HT-29 > HepG2 > MCF-7 cell.