• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.45-68
• /
• 2005

The political activity of women is relatively low. This is mainly because of the social-cultural attitude that confines women's role to housewives, rather than the structural problems that are related to political activities itself. This study has attempted to enhance the political activities of women by examining and providing the practical informations related to the hardships that are experienced by women who are pursuing a career both as a politician as well as a housewife. The sample of this study consisted of women who are assuming chief executives positions in organizations that are related to political activity, including local representatives of the national assembly. A case study was conducted by interviewing 8 female politicians. The contents of the study mostly consists of the personal situations (related to house lives) of these women. Semi-structured questionnaires were used, and the interview was conducted several times. First, the political careers of these women tended to start passively, rather than voluntarily. Second, the negative attitudes that were initially displayed by the family members and close relatives had changed positively through out the course of time. Close relatives, parents/parents-in-law were likely to become helpers of child care and household labor. The husband was likely to be a supporter of the wife's political career, and the children started to understand the roles of their mother as they grew up. Third, the female politicians perceived that the main impediments of women pursuing political careers were the sexually discriminating culture, rather than their own ability. Fourth, the fact that these women had to spend a lot of time outside the house has worsened the role conflict and difficulties of these women who are required to assume dual-roles. Furthermore, the difficulties that are faced publicly and privately has increased the psychological burdens of these women, since politicians, in general, are people who need to maintain their public image.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.65 no.3
• /
• pp.29-52
• /
• 2013

This study examined how middle-aged and elderly persons allocated their time in overall perspective and whether the patterns were varied by age, socio-demographic factors, and the interaction effect between them. This study analyzed the 2009 Time Use Survey Data (17,096 time-diaries of people aged 45 or more) of the National Statistical Office using tobit regression model. The main results are as follows. First, middle-aged and elderly people gradually decreased paid work times. Second, the patterns of time allocation were varied by age, gender, education level, marital status and household type(Agricultural/non-agricultural). Third, there were interaction effects between age and the socio-demographic factors on paid work time and leisure time. Highly educated or urban persons were likely to have less time in paid work less than other groups with increasing age. And females were likely to have less time in domestic labor and care work than males with increasing age. But they had more time in social and economic productive activities than males. Based on these findings, this study suggests comprehensive approach to analyze the time use of elderly beyond economic working time or leisure time. To establish effective ageing society policy, it is necessary to consider the time allocation of elderly which divided into the social stratification.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
• /
• no.62
• /
• pp.39-69
• /
• 2018

Women with children suffer from double burden of childcare and household labor. Based on the framework of social determinants of mental health, this study investigated the moderated mediation effect of income in the relationship between time poverty and mental health among women with children. The study sample included 1,505 women from the $6^{th}$ wave of Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF). Results showed that the lower level of time poverty was associated with decreased stress and depression, and stress mediated the relationship between time poverty and depression. Income had a moderated mediation effect in the relationship between time poverty, stress, and depression. Time poor women were more vulnerable to poor mental health, and income buffered the effect of time poverty on women's mental health. This implies that women in the lower end of socioeconomic ladder are more prone to the effect of time poverty. The study speaks to the importance of social factors on mental health which has usually been considered an individual problem. Policies and services need to address women's working conditions and income security in order to increase their mental health.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 2016

The average income of forestry household was only 54.3% of urban workers's and 67.6% of farms household's income based on the data from statistics Korea in 2012. This indicates that forestry, which is a labor-intensive primary industry, has the limitation for creating added value. On the other hand, the demands for forest healing and forest experiential program have been continuously increased with new lifestyle focusing on the quality of life and increased leisure time. Therefore, it is necessary to establish comprehensive policies to increase added value except forestry to respond forest demands. The project utilizing forest healing can be on of solutions to meet forest demands. Thus, this research intends to investigate an economic revitalization plan for mountain villages with forest healing. The characteristics of forest healing facilities and contents of forest healing programs were examined through internet searching, fields surveys, and expert interviews. Total 186 concepts, 8 categories, and 24 subcategories were derived from raw data of surveys. The application process of forest healing was also provided to encourage local economy of mountain areas. This research offers application procedure of the forest healing for regional economic vitalization in Mountain Villages interviews using grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin(1988) as well as NVio11. This research contributes to prepare the base of future quantitative studies by providing strategies and suggestions for the application plans of forest healing programs. In addition, this research offers basic data for the policies to establish and manage forest healing villages.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.152-158
• /
• 2019

This study examined the socio-economic and clinical characteristics associated with the use of ambulance services among pregnant, childbearing, and postpartum women based on data from the 2008-2016 Korea Health Panel. The analysis revealed that among the pregnant, childbearing, and postpartum women, the proportion using all ambulance services was 18.9% whereas 12.0% used private and 119 ambulances. Moreover, among those using ambulance services, delivery was the most common reason (38.7%) followed by complications of labor and delivery (20.0%) and pregnancy with abortive outcome (17.3%). There were statistically significant differences between the users and non-users of ambulance services in terms of the average annual household income, emergency arrival time, and delayed arrival at the emergency room. As childbirth becomes more complicated due to low fertility and elderly mothers, the expansion and improvement of ambulance services as a social safety net for pregnant, childbearing, and postpartum women will become increasingly important.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2023

This study examines the housing-related characteristics of unmarried youth using occupational history data from the 10th-14th (2016-2020) youth panel (YP2007) of the Korea Employment Information Service, and the characteristics of housing and employment. Their effect on marriage intention was empirically analyzed. The results of the analysis show that highly educated people, high-wage workers, household heads or economically independent young people, and young people in good financial conditions have a high willingness to marry. Their economic conditions are very important factors. Among the young employed who have become economically independent from their parents, full-time permanent workers, workers at large corporations, and highly waged youth showed a strong desire to get married. On the contrary, young people who are insecure temporary/daily workers, workers at small firms, and low-wage workers show a low willingness to marry. In conclusion, the results imply that young people who are in a vulnerable state in the labor market are giving up or delaying their marriage. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance policies to provide better employment opportunities for youth and, simultaneously, revamp the policy measures to enhance housing conditions.

• Women's Studies Review
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.93-116
• /
• 2014

This thesis discussed the status of women workers as wage laborers and home laborers and the valid of a documentary movie for representing women laborers through a documentary movie, Weabak that revolved around Home-ever occupation strike leaded E-Land labor union at 30th June, 2007. Jobs for women labors got covered by the flow of flexibility with the policy of labor flexibility in South Korea during 1990s. The reasons that justify this trend are their position in the households, and their roles in working places are not very important because there are not required difficult skills. The mass dismissal which caused the E-Land strike also shared these ideologies. In Weabak, since women laborers were always expected to care for their family, they were need strikes in their home as well as their working place. However, a household is a basement for them to get the identity as a women laborer. It has two ambivalent meanings, as a protected area and disorder for them to pursue their life at the same time. Identity of Women laborers, domestic laborers as well as wage laborers, are very difficult to identify as a general noun, a laborer. Weabak is an important example to show us the possibility of a documentary as searching new realism for representing women laborers' story using their own perspective.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.71-130
• /
• 2008

Using data from the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS), this study investigates private income transfers in Korea, where adult children have undertaken the most responsibility of supporting their elderly parents without well-established social safety net for the elderly. According to the KLIPS data, three out of five households provided some type of support for their aged parents and two out of five households of the elderly received financial support from their adult children on a regular base. However, the private income transfers in Korea are not enough to alleviate the impact of the fall in the earned income of those who retired and are approaching an age of needing financial assistance from external source. The monthly income of those at least the age of 75, even with the earning of their spouses, is below the staggering amount of 450,000 won, which indicates that the elderly in Korea are at high risk of poverty. In order to analyze microeconomic factors affecting the private income transfers to the elderly parents, the following three samples extracted from the KLIPS data are used: a sample of respondents of age 50 or older with detailed information on their financial status; a five-year household panel sample in which their unobserved family-specific and time-invariant characteristics can be controlled by the fixed-effects model; and a sample of the younger split-off household in which characteristics of both the elderly household and their adult children household can be controlled simultaneously. The results of estimating private income transfer models using these samples can be summarized as follows. First, the dominant motive lies on the children-to-parent altruistic relationship. Additionally, another is based on exchange motive, which is paid to the elderly parents who take care of their grandchildren. Second, the amount of private income transfers has negative correlation with the income of the elderly parents, while being positively correlated with the income of the adult children. However, its income elasticity is not that high. Third, the amount of private income transfers shows a pattern of reaching the highest level when the elderly parents are in the age of 75 years old, following a decreasing pattern thereafter. Fourth, public assistance, such as the National Basic Livelihood Security benefit, appears to crowd out private transfers. Private transfers have fared better than public transfers in alleviating elderly poverty, but the role of public transfers has been increasing rapidly since the welfare expansion after the financial crisis in the late 1990s, so that one of four elderly people depends on public transfers as their main income source in 2003. As of the same year, however, there existed and occupied 12% of the elderly households those who seemed eligible for the National Basic Livelihood benefit but did not receive any public assistance. To remove elderly poverty, government may need to improve welfare delivery system as well as to increase welfare budget for the poor. In the face of persistent elderly poverty and increasing demand for public support for the elderly, which will lead to increasing government debt, welfare policy needs targeting toward the neediest rather than expanding universal benefits that have less effect of income redistribution and heavier cost. Identifying every disadvantaged elderly in dire need for economic support and providing them with the basic livelihood security would be the most important and imminent responsibility that we all should assume to prepare for the growing aged population, and this also should accompany measures to utilize the elderly workforce with enough capability and strong will to work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 1986

This study was designed to be link in the chain of the investigation on daily life and consciousness of longevous people in Korea, and to investigate the social life and daily life habit in the past of longevous people. The social life and daily life habit were surveyed on 379 subjects (male 121, female 258) of the aged who were above 80 years of age, from June to November in 1985. 1. 'Generally regular' in the rising time and bedtime between 40 and 60 years of longevous people had the highest figures of 81.8% and 63.1%, respectively. The longevous peoples of 59.4% got up by before 6 a.m., and 61.3% of these aged went to bed from 9 to 11 p.m. But there was no significant difference between male and female. 2. Of the occupation engaged in the longest term of longevous people, the self-management (86.3%) included farming, fishing and household affairs was the highest, whereas administrative position, small-scale management and white-collar worker were only 0.8%, 0.8% and 1.8%, respectively. Therefore, their work involved mainly physical labor (heavy 48.5%, light 47.2%), and mental work was only 2.8% of longevous people. It is believed that this fact was deeply related to the educational degree of them. 3. The longevous people of 58.3% retired from the occupation and household affairs abover 70 years of age, and especially 24.3% of them is including the aged above 80 years of age. 4. The longevous people of 57.2% were shared the role in the home after retirement from the occupation and household affairs, whereas 35.9% of them didn't share. Of the way in killing time in case having no role in the home, 'at home'(50.0%) was the highest, and decreased in the order of 'old people's home' (30.9%), 'ill in bed' (10.3%) and 'asylum for the aged' (8.8%). 5. The acquaintance frequency before retirement from the occupation and household affairs of longevous people showed in the order of 'wide' (38.5%), 'common' (38.0%) and 'narrow' (19.0%), and 56.5% of them had the acquaintance after retirement. 6. Only the longevous people of 38.5% had the hobby and recreation activities of 'more than once' after retirement from the occupation and household affairs, but 53.0% of them was none. Of the kinds of hobby and/or recreation, 'TV-watching' (79.2%) was the highest, and decreased in the order of 'talking with grandchild' (54.2 %), 'working at home' (35.4%), 'religion' (25.0%) and 'chess etc.' (18.1%).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.351-361
• /
• 1995

The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.