• Solar Energy
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1999

We already presented new calculation method about the temperature distribution in hot water pipe flow of the unsteady condition. In this paper, we introduce consequence of the case study to confirm appropriation of the calculation method, and case study performs to establish actual hot water use supposed two model that is; the CWV(constant water volume) and VWV(variable water volume).

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2003

To investigate the effects of hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Gigantis Radix on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system in rats fed hypercholesterol diet, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either hypercholesterol diet with water or hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Gigantis Radix. Hypercholesterol diet contained 18 % beeftallow and 5 % cholesterol. After 4 weeks of experimental periods serum and liver obtained. The level of serum lipid and the activities of GOT and GPT was measured. The level of lipid and TBARS and the activity of GSH-Px was measured also. The results obtained were: 1) Food intake in the experimental group supplied hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Gigantis Radix was low significantly. 2) In the experimental group supplied hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Gigantis Radix of serum total lipid and total cholesterol was significantly low. 3) Serum GOT activity was significantly low in the experimental group supplied hotwater soluble extract from Angelicae Gigantis Radix. There was no difference of serum GPT activity between control and experimental group supplied hot water soluble extract from angelical Gigantis Radix. 4) There was no difference of lipid composition, TBARS level and GSH-px activity in liver between control and experimental group. The result of this study indicates that the hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Gigantis Radix was effective in decreasing the food intake of the experimental animals in the hypercholesterol diet and also effective in decreasing the levels of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and GOT activity. However it was not effective to change the level of lipid, TBARS and GSH-Px activity of liver.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.1200-1210
• /
• 2006

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. The effects of the CMT and MCMT hot water extract on expression of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$1 mRNA and production of IL-lP, IL-6, TNF-a, NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) ; serum glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine , behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and were investigated, respectively. The CMT and MCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA, production of IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, ROS and increased the expression of IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$l mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. The MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. The CMT and MCMT hotwater extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above result, it is suggested that the CMT and MCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of dementia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2012

Objectives : In recent years, many studies have been widely researching anti-inflammation effect of various medicinal plants. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ was not enough in researching of the anti-inflammation. Moreover, there is no comparative study about extraction methods. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction on Nitric oxide(NO), Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production, Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2, inducible NOS(iNOS) expression and extracellular signal regulate kinase(ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. Methods : $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ was extracted by EtOH and Hot water. RAW 264.7 macrophage cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Effect of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture on NO and PGE2 production in LPS induced macrophages was accessed by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunospecific assay(ELISA), respectively. Inhibition effect on COX-2, iNOS expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was examined by Immunoblotting assay. Results : 1. Cytotoxic effect of $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by Hot water extraction in RAW 264.7 macrophages was not appeared, except $3125{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. And cytotoxic effect was not appeared in EtOH extraction method. 2. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited NO production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 3. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited PGE2 production in LPS induced macrophages significantly. 4. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited COX-2, iNOS expression in LPS induced macrophages. Especially, it has been confirmed that COX-2, iNOS expression were effectively inhibited in Hot water extraction. 5. $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture by EtOH and Hot water extraction inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LPS induced macrophages. Especially, it has been confirmed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation was effectively inhibited in Hot water extraction. Conclusions : According to the results, $Cinnamomi$ $Cortex$ pharmacopuncture suppresses NO, PGE2 production, COX-2, iNOS expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LPS induced macrophages. It has a potential for treating various inflammatory diseases, and Hot water extraction method could be used more extensively than EtOH extraction method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2001

Corrosion damage of boiler, factory equipment and so forth occur quickly due to using of the polluted water, resulting in increasing leak accident. Especially, working life of hot water boiler using the polluted water becomes more short, and energy loss increases. The cathodic protection method is the most economical and reliable one to prevent corrosion damage of steel structures. Mg-base alloys galvanic anode protection of cathodic protection methode is suitable for the application of hot water boiler using water with high specific resistance such as tap water. This paper is studied on the cathodic protection characteristics of hot water boiler. In tap water solution, the measurement of cathodic protection potential according to the time elapsed is carried out, and behavior of cathodic polarization with current change is investigated. The main results obtained are as follows. In hot water boiler shell, the open circuit potential of base metal become less noble than that of weld Bone, and the current density of base metal becomes low than that of weld zone. The further distance from Mg-alloy galvanic anode, the higher cathodic protection potential of hot water boiler appears. And protective potential becomes high according to pass cathodic protection time and after 6∼10 days become stable.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 2007

The performance of a solar water heater incorporating evacuated tubes was evaluated using a transient simulation program, TRNSYS. Simulations were performed for $60^{\circ}C$ of hot water load temperature and for 280 liter of daily hot water volumes and three 400 liter of storage tank volumes. Three patterns of daily hot water consumption profile were used in the present study (morning, lunch and evening). The results show that the increase in solar fraction depends on the load profile, as well as the collector efficiency coefficient. Hot water draw profile has a large effect on the performance of the SDHWS, the morning load profile has the highest solar fraction. The annual solar fraction of the system, at the weather conditions of Jinju is approximately 84% at lunch load pattern, the 280 kg of load volume, 400 kg of tank volume and the $60^{\circ}C$ of load temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.550-558
• /
• 2006

We developed a kind of soy-based sauce for stews using three recipes and sensory evaluation processes, and examined the biological activities such as antioxidative, fibrinolytic and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of hot water extract of Cornus officinalis S. et Z in order to use as functional ingredient. The developed stew was composed of soy sauce $1\frac{1}{2}$ Tbsp, sugar $1\frac{1}{4}$ Tbsp, garlic, small green onion, powdered sesame and sesame seed oil $\frac{1}{2}$ tsp, respectively, ginger extract $\frac{1}{4}$ tsp, black pepper $\frac{1}{8}$ and water $\frac{2}{3}$C per 300 g of main ingredients(pork rib, chicken and dried pollack). It was evaluated more highly acceptable than the original recipes by sensory test. Replacement of water in the recipe of the developed stew sauce with hot water extract of Cornus officinalis S. et Z did' nt affect the sensory quality. From the above results. we concluded that hot water extract of Cornus officinalis S. et Z might be a excellent source to provide health functionality.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2008

Flow quantity to supply to a coil in floor heating system is important to achieve comfortable indoor air condition in the winter season. The hot water header is used to distribute the water into the coil. Experimental study has been performed using the water header that have 5 branches consisted of flow control valves and automatic shut-off valves. Each branch line connected it with X-L pipe. Experimental tests accomplished it to investigate the flow distribution characteristics of the hot water header. Experimental results show that the selection of the pump head and differential pressure are very important to save running energy of the system, and high differential pressure needs more friction loss in the case of suitable differential pressure for balancing of the header.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2011

To analyze and verify the effect of replacing thermal storage heater by a cascade cycle heat pump using midnight electricity was installed and tested at a customer's house in Wonju, Korea. The electric night storage heater is consist of 30kW electric heater and 2,700 liters of thermal storage water tank to supply hot water for warming house floor. The power for electric heater was cut off and hot water was only generated by cascade cycle heat pump. Current thermal storage water tank was not eliminated and electric heater wiring was modified. Some operation logic of the heat pump was also modified for proper operation. The required capacity of the heat pump and hot water temperature for given warming condition were estimated. The estimated capacity of heat pump was about 19kW and estimated hot water temperature for proper heating was at least $75^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11b
• /
• pp.2369-2374
• /
• 2008

In the precision hot plate for wafer processing, the temperature uniformity of upper plate surface is one of the key factors affecting the quality of wafers. Precision hot plates require temperature variations less than ${\pm}1.5%$ during heating to $120^{\circ}C$. In this study, we have manufactured the flat plate heat pipe hot chuck of circle type(300mm) and investigated the operating characteristics of flat plate heat pipe hot chuck experimentally. Various liquids(aceton, FC-40, water) were used as the working fluid and charging ratio was changed($14{\sim}36\;vol.%$). Several cases were tested to improve temperature uniformity. Major working fluid to be investigated was water. Using water, various parameters such as charging ratio, wafer operation on-off time, different working fluids. In case of water, the temperature uniformity was ${\pm}1.5%$, response time of wafer were investigated.