• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2023

본 연구는 고온기 온실 환경에 적합한 가지 품종을 선발하기 위해 유럽형 가지 'Bartok(BA)', 'Bowie(BO)', 'Black Pearl(BP)', 'Ishbilia(I)', 'Mabel(M)', 'Vestale(VE)', 'Velia(VL)' 7품종을 고온 다습한 온실환경에서 코이어 배지경에서 재배하였을 때, 수분소비량, 식물체 생육 및 과실 특성을 비교하였다. 정식 후 118일에 엽수와 줄기 건물중은 'VL'에서 가장 높았고 'M'이 그 뒤를 이었으며 엽 건물중은 품종별 유의차가 없었다. 주당 과실수는 'M'이 16.4개로 다른 품종보다 많았고, 'VE'와 'VL'이 각각 8.5, 8.8개로 적었으며, 과실당 생체중은 'M'이 136g으로 낮았고, 'VE'와 'VL'은 각각 332, 'VL' 281g으로 가장 높았다. 주당 과실 생산량은 품종별 유의차가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 수분이용효율이 높고 과실수가 많았던 'M'과 과실 200g 생산에 소요된 물량이 적고, 상품과중이 높았던 'VL'이 UAE 온실환경에서 적응력이 우수할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2019

Large amounts of sludge produced by paper mill industries represent one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Recently, beekeepers living in the neighborhood of the paper mill in Hwasan County, Youngcheon city, GB, Korea, became alarmed that honey bee colonies were dying off suddenly across the neighborhood. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity (oral, fumigation, repellent) of recycled solid paper mill sludge (SPMS) and leachate paper mill sludge (LPMS) to honey bee workers under laboratory conditions, and to analyze the volatile organic compounds(VOC). The SPMS and LPMS were separately subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) at three temperatures to extract VOC(highest VOC yields: 1.52% SPMS and 0.34% LPMS). A total of 70 chemicals were detected in the VOC of paper mill sludges, of which 49 and 21 volatile organic compounds from SPMS and LPMS, respectively. The SPMS was dominated by high degree presence of stanols (saturated sterols), such as cholestanol, cholestan-3-ol and also saturated hydrocarbons. However, LPMS was characterized by the absence of sterols. Both SPMS and LPMS showed an influence on the olfactory behavior of honey bee on Y-tube assay, with repulsion rates of 72 and 68%, respectively. Both SPMS and LPMS at concentration of 100mg/mL caused higher honey bee oral mortality than the untreated controls at 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after treatment(highest oral mortality at 120 hr: 85.74%(SPMS); 93.51 % (LPMS)). A similar pattern was observed when honey bees were tested to fumigant toxicity. Both SPMS and LPMS caused significant higher mortality than the untreated control 24 hour after the exposure (highest fumigation mortality at 120 hr: 69.4% (SPMS); 56.8% (LPMS)). These preliminary results indicated that paper mill sludge could be partly responsible for sudden death and disappearance of honey bees, especially in hot humid summer days. With climate change, the risk of environmental chemical exposure to honey bee would pose greater attention.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.804-810
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium diacetate (SDA) on fermentation profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. Methods: Fresh alfalfa was ensiled with various concentrations of SDA (0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 g/kg of fresh forage). After 60 days of the ensiling, the samples were collected to examine the fermentative quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability. Results: The application of SDA significantly (p<0.05) decreased silage pH with the lowest value in silage with 7 g/kg of SDA. The proliferations of enterobacteria, yeasts, molds and clostridia were inhibited by SDA, resulted in lower ethanol, propionic and butyric acid concentrations and dry matter loss in SDA treated silages than control. The increasing SDA linearly decreased free amino acid N (p<0.001), ammonia N (p = 0.018) and non-protein N (p<0.001), while linearly increased water soluble carbohydrate (p<0.001) and peptide N (p<0.001). It is speculated that SDA accelerated the shift from homofermentative to heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria during the silage fermentation, indicated by lower lactic acid production in SDA-9 than SDA-7 silages after 60 days of ensiling. Alfalfa silages treated with SDA at 7 g/kg had highest Flieg's point and remained stable more than 9 d during aerobic exposure under humid and hot conditions in southern China. Conclusion: SDA may be used as an additive for alfalfa silages at a level of 7 g/kg.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1500-1506
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• 2017

Objective: High $NH_3$ emissions from poultry houses are reported to have negative impacts on health, welfare and safety of birds and humans, and on the environment. Objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two litter amendments on the $NH_3$ levels in broiler closed houses under hot-humid conditions. Methods: Giving a completely randomize design, nine closed houses, each housed 32,500 birds on paddy husk litter, were randomly allocated into two treatment (Mizuho; a bacterial culture mix and Rydall OE; an enzymatic biocatalyst) and control groups. $NH_3$ levels were determined thrice a day (0600, 1200, and 1800 h), at three heights from the litter surface (30, 90, and 150 cm), at 20 predetermined locations of a house, from day 1 to 41. Results: Rydall significantly reduced the $NH_3$ level compared to control and Mizuho. $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm were significantly higher than that of 90 and 150 cm. The $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm height were higher than 25 ppm level from day 9, 11, and 13 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 41. $NH_3$ levels at 150 cm height were higher than maximum threshold limit of 50 ppm for human exposure from day 12, 14, and 15 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 33. Being significantly different among each other, the $NH_3$ level was highest and lowest at 0600 and 1800 h. Litter amendments had no significant effects on growth performance. Rydall significantly increased the litter N content on day 24. Conclusion: It was concluded that the $NH_3$ levels of closed house broiler production facilities under tropical condition are so high that both birds and workers are exposed to above recommended levels during many days of the growing period. Compared to microbial culture, the enzymatic biocatalyst was found to be more effective in reducing $NH_3$ level.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.404-408
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• 2009

The liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional vapor compression cooling systems to control air humidity. The complete system of liquid desiccant air-conditioning system is consisted two main components those are humidifier (regeneration) and dehumidifier. Humidifier part is connected to the load when summer season which is the air condition is hot and humid have to be turned into comfort condition on human. This paper purpose is performances study of air flow rate effect on a structured packed tower on cooling and dehumidifier system using liquid lithium chloride as the desiccant. Experimental apparatus used in this present study is consisted of three components those are load chamber, packed tower and chiller. Load chamber’s volume is $40m^3$, and packed tower dimension is cubic with length 0.4m occupied with packed column. Totally, 15 experimental has done using 5 times repeat on each variable of air velocity that varying on 2m/s, 3m/s and 4m/s with other conditions are controlled. Air inlet initial temperature and relative humidity are set respectively on $30^{\circ}C$ and 52%, desiccant flow rate is 0.63 kg/s, desiccant temperature is $10^{\circ}C$ and desiccant concentration is 0.4. The result of this study shows that averagely, the moisture removal rate and the heat transfer rate are influenced by the air velocity. Higher air velocity will increase the heat transfer and decreasing the moisture removal rate. At adiabatic condition the air velocity of 2 m/s respectively is having the higher moisture removal rate acceleration then the air velocity of 3m/s and 4 m/s until the steady state condition.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2002

To evaluate farmers' workload during harvesting grapes in summer, this study investigated farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures and thermal environment around in the field. This field study was conducted in the Anseong County of Kyonggi Province at the end of August. Five career farmers (1 male, 4 females) volunteered as subjects. Three of them were over their sixties. During harvesting grapes in the field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. 1. Air temperature (T/sub a/), air humidity(H/sub a/), black globe temperature(T/sub g/), air velocity and WBGT around the grape field were 26.9℃, 77.7%RH, 32.8℃, 0.08㎧ and 26.3℃, respectively. Because farmers started the harvesting task in early morning, thermal environments weren't conditions to give farmers severe heat strain. 2. The percentage of the work postures was larger in order of standing, walking, and bending one's back posture. Particularly, the percentage of standing posture with raising both arms above shoulder of two farmers was up to 29% and 61% of the total work duration. 3. Rectal temperature (T/sub re/), mean skin temperature (T/sub sk/), clothing microclimate temperature (T/sub cl/) on the chest and the back, heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) were 37.2℃, 33.1℃, 32.0℃, 32.4℃, 88bpm and 1.3 Kca1/㎡/min respectively. In the point of these physiological results, we evaluated that the harvesting task was a moderate work. 4. All farmers expressed‘hard, hot, humid and slightly uncomfortable’ at the end of works for each subjective questionnaire. The grape harvesting tasks were not evaluated as a very hard work in the point of physiological work standards. But we considered 1) inappropriate work posture (standing posture with raising both arms above shoulder) and 2) farmers' age as burden factors. These findings suggest that adding adequate protective clothing/equipments for farmers may contribute to maintain their body temperature within the normal range, stabilize HR and decrease psychological strain.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2010

Tropical inhabitants are able to tolerate heat through permanent residence in hot and often humid tropical climates. The goal of this study was to clarify the peripheral mechanisms involved in thermal sweating pre and post exposure (heat-acclimatization over 10 days) by studying the sweating responses to acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter of sudomotor activity, in healthy subjects (n=12). Ten percent ACh was administered on the inner forearm skin for iontophoresis. Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing, after iontophoresis (2 mA for 5 min) with ACH, was performed to determine directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating during ACh iontophoresis. The sweat rate, activated sweat gland density, sweat gland output per single gland activated, as well as oral and skin temperature changes were measured. The post exposure activity had a short onset time (p<0.01), higher active sweat rate [(AXR (p<0.001) and DIR (p<0.001)], higher sweat output per gland (p<0.001) and higher transepidermal water loss (p<0.001) compared to the pre-exposure measurements. The activated sweat rate in the sudomotor activity increased the output for post-exposure compared to the pre-exposure measurements. The results suggested that post-exposure activity showed a higher active sweat gland output due to the combination of a higher AXR (DIR) sweat rate and a shorter onset time. Therefore, higher sudomotor responses to ACh receptors indicate accelerated sympathetic nerve responsiveness to ACh sensitivity by exposure to environmental conditions.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2015

In Korea, a typically hot and humid summer means that air-conditioners consume a large quantity of electricity; accordingly, the simultaneous usage of an indirect evaporative cooler may reduce the sensible-heat level and save the amount of electricity that is consumed. In this study, the heat-transfer and pressure-drop characteristics of an indirect evaporative cooler made of paper/plastic film were investigated under both dry and wet conditions; for the purpose of comparison, an indirect evaporative cooler made of plastic film was also tested. Our results show that the indirect evaporative efficiencies under a wet condition are greater than those under a dry condition, and the efficiencies of the paper/plastic sample (109% to 138%) are greater than those (67% to 89%) of the plastic sample; in addition, the wet-surface, indirect evaporative efficiencies of the paper/plastic sample are 32% to 36% greater than those of the plastic sample. Further, the wet-surface pressure drops of the paper/plastic sample are 13% to 23% larger than those of the plastic sample, and this might have been caused by the surface roughness of the samples. A rigorous heat-transfer analysis revealed that, for the plastic sample, 30% to 37% of the wet channels remained dry, whereas all of the channels were wet for the paper/plastic sample.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2024

세균벼알마름병은 쌀 생산과 품질에 심각한 영향을 주는 병 중 하나로 국내에서는 벼알마름증상을 보이는 이삭에서 3종의 Burkholderia (Burkholderia glumae, B. gladioli, B. plantarii)가 보고되었다. 벼알마름 증상은 출수기 동안 지속되는 고온다습한 환경조건으로 인하여 발생면적이 증가하고 있으나, Burkholderia 속에 의해 발생하는 벼알마름 증상의 발병에 대한 환경 변화의 영향에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 3종의 Burkholderia 병원균을 출수기에 벼 이삭에 접종하여 여러 온도(25℃, 30℃ 및 35℃) 조건의 생육상과 온도 차이가 있는 포장에서 재배하면서 병발생정도를 비교하였다. B. glumae는 실내 및 포장의 고온(35℃)에서 높은 발병률을 보인 반면, B. gladioli와 B. plantarii는 유의미한 병 발생변화를 보이지는 않았다. 고온(35℃)에서 B. glumae에 의한 병 발생이 증가한 것은 톡소플라빈 생산과 이동성의 증가에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과는 기후 변화로 인한 출수기 동안의 온도 상승이 B. glumae에 의해 유발되는 세균벼알마름병 발생을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사하며 이러한 병 발생의 증가에 대비하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.527-544
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• 2006

본 연구는 우리나라 실정에 맞는 여름철 강한 무더위인 열파(Heat Wave)를 정의하고, 각 강도별 장기간(1973-2006) 평균적인 열파 발생빈도의 시공간적 분포 특징을 밝히고자 하였다. 고온다습한 한반도 여름몬순 기후하에서 체감온도와 사망자의 관계를 분석하여, 최소 $32.5^{\circ}C$ 및 $35.5^{\circ}C,\;38.5^{\circ}C,\;41.5^{\circ}C$의 일최고 열지수(Heat Index)가 3일간 지속되었을 때를 더운기간(Hot Spell) 및 열파(Heat Wave), 강한열파(Strong Heat Wave), 매우강한열파(Extreme Heat Wave) 발생일로 정의하였다. 이를 바탕으로 모든 단계별 열파 연평균 발생빈도를 살펴보면, 해발고도가 높은 고지대나 바다에 인접한 도서지역에서는 낮게 나타나는 반면, 주요 대하천에 인접한 내륙 저지대에서는 연평균 열파 발생빈도 뿐만 아니라 연구기간중 연 최다 열파 발생일수도 장마휴지기(7월 하순-8월 초순)를 중심으로 높게 나타난다 연구기간(1973-2006) 동안 각 단계별 열파일 발생빈도에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으나, 더운기간 (Hot Spell)의 최고 발생빈도를 기록한 연도는 1970년대에, 열파(Heat Waves)와 강한열파(Strong Heat Wave)의 최고 발생빈도를 기록한 연도는 1990년대에 각 집중되어 나타났다. 한편, 우리나라의 열파 발생시에는 기온 이외에도 습도의 부가적인 영향이 $4.3-9.5^{\circ}C$ 정도 열파(Heat Wave)의 강도를 높이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 연구 결과들은 우리나라에 맞는 국가 열파 경보 체계를 구축하는데 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.커마 세기를 구할 수 있었다. 이러한 물 흡수선량을 통한 Ir-192 선원의 검교정 방법들은 미국의학물리학회(AAPM) 보고서 TG-43에서 권고한 흡수선량 계산 알고리즘에 바로 적용할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 성장 억제 작용은 G0/Gl기를 지체시켜 암세포 증식을 억제하고 apoptosis에 의해 암세포를 사멸시키는 항암 활성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었으며, 특허 AO가 AG보다 현저한 활성을 보였다. 더 나아가 아가리쿠스 $\beta$-glucan (AG)과 올리고당류 (AO)는 항암 활성을 가진 대체 의약 소재로 개발될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.eruginosa rhlI의 경우 단일배양보다 혼합배양시 최고 약 40배, P. aeruginosa lasI의 경우 최고 약 250배 그리고 S. aureus luxS의 경우는 단일배양보다 혼합배양시 최고 약 5배 이상 mRNA 발현량이 증가하였다. 또한 세 균주의 4가지 유전자 중 P. aeruginosa의 rhlI와 lasI의 mRNA가 가장 많은 양으로 발현됨을 확인하였다.석되었다. 6. 연 강수량이 17.4% 증가해 월별 평균 강수량 변화가 가장 큰 시나리오 Al은 연 유출량이 24.6% 증가하고, 유사량과 TN, IP 부하량은 각각 60.1%, 14.4%, 27.1%증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이에 비하여 연 강수량 증가가 2.5%로 가장 작은 시나리오 B1의 연 유출량 변화는 -0.4% 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 유사량과 TN, TP 부하량은 각각 14.6%, 3.0%, 7.2% 증가하는 것으로 모의되었다. 7. 강우 발생 일수 변화를 가정한 시나리오에 대한 모의 결과, 연강우일수가 약 10일 감소한 A1-1, A2-1, B1-1, B2-1의 경우, 강우 일수 감소 이전과 연 유출량 변화는 거의