• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.578-588
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• 2017

Background: Elevated testicular temperature disrupts spermatogenesis and causes infertility. In the present study, the protective effect of enzymatically biotransformed Panax ginseng Meyer by pectinase (GINST) against chronic intermittent heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 wk old, 60-70 g) were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), heat-stress control (HC), heat-stress plus GINST-100 mg/kg (HG100), and heat-stress plus GINST-200 mg/kg (HG200) treatment groups. Each dose of GINST (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) was mixed separately with a regular pellet diet and was administered orally for 24 wk. For inducing heat stress, rats in the NC group were maintained at $25^{\circ}C$, whereas rats in the HC, HG100, and HG200 groups were exposed to $32{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 2 h daily for 6 mo. At week 25, the testes and serum from each animal were analyzed for various parameters. Results: Significant (p < 0.01) changes in the sperm kinematic values and blood chemistry panels were observed in the HC group. Furthermore, spermatogenesis-related molecules, sex hormone receptors, and selected antioxidant enzyme expression levels were also altered in the HC group compared to those in the NC group. GINST (HS100 and HS200) administration significantly (p < 0.05) restored these changes when compared with the HC group. For most of the parameters tested, the HG200 group exhibited potent effects compared with those exhibited by the HG100 group. Conclusion: GINST may be categorized as an important medicinal herb and a potential therapeutic for the treatment of male subfertility or infertility caused by hyperthermia.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

Objective: This entire study has two parts. Study I aimed to develop a psychological assessment scale and the study II aimed to investigate the effects of LFN (low frequency noise) on the psychological responses in humans, using the scale developed in the study I. Background: LFN is known to have a negative impact on the functioning of humans. The negative impact of LFN can be categorized into two major areas of functioning of humans, physiological and psychological areas of functioning. The physiological impact can cause abnormalities in threshold, balancing and/or vestibular system, cardiovascular system and, hormone changes. Psychological functioning includes cognition, communication, mental health, and annoyance. Method: 182 college students participated in the study I in development of a psychological assessment scale and 42 paid volunteers participated in the study II to measure psychological responses. The LFN stimuli consisted of 12 different pure tones and 12 different 1 octave-band white noises and each stimulus had 4 different frequencies and 3 different sounds pressure levels. Results: We developed the psychological assessment scale consisting of 17 items with 3 dimensions of psychological responses (i.e., perceived physical, perceived physiological, and emotional responses). The main findings of LFN on the responses were as follows: 1. Perceived psychological responses showed a linear relation with SPL (sound pressure level), that is the higher the SPL is, the higher the negative psychological responses were. 2. Psychological responses showed quadric relations with SPL in general. 3. More negative responses at 31.5Hz LFN than those of 63 and 125Hz were reported, which is deemed to be caused by perceived vibration by 31.5Hz. 'Perceived vibration' at 31.5Hz than those of other frequencies of LFN is deemed to have amplified the negative psychological response. Consequently there found different effects of low frequency noise with different frequencies and intensity (SPL) on multiple psychological responses. Conclusion: Three dimensions of psychological responses drawn in regard to this study differed from others in the frequencies and SLP of LFN. Negative psychological responses are deemed to be differently affected by the frequency, SPL of the LFN and 'feel vibration' induced by the LFN. Application: The psychological scale from our study can be applied in quantitative psychological measurement of LFN at home or industrial environment. In addition, it can also help design systems to block LFN to provide optimal conditions if used the study outcome, .i.e., the relations between physical and psychological responses of LFN.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the T1 3D subtraction technique and the conventional 2D dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) technique in diagnosing Cushing's disease. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with clinically and biochemically proven Cushing's disease were included in the study. In addition, 23 patients with a Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) diagnosed on an MRI with normal pituitary hormone levels were included as a control, to prevent non-blinded positive results. Postcontrast T1 3D fast spin echo (FSE) images were acquired after DCE images in 3T MRI and image subtraction of pre- and postcontrast T1 3D FSE images were performed. Inter-observer agreement, interpretation time, multiobserver receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and net benefit analyses were performed to compare 2D DCE and T1 3D subtraction techniques. Results: Inter-observer agreement for a visual scale of contrast enhancement was poor in DCE (${\kappa}=0.57$) and good in T1 3D subtraction images (${\kappa}=0.75$). The time taken for determining contrast-enhancement in pituitary lesions was significantly shorter in the T1 3D subtraction images compared to the DCE sequence (P < 0.05). ROC values demonstrated increased reader confidence range with T1 3D subtraction images (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-1.00) compared with DCE (95% CI: 0.70-0.92) (P < 0.01). The net benefit effect of T1 3D subtraction images over DCE was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.12-0.56). For Cushing's disease, both reviewers misclassified one case as a nonenhancing lesion on the DCE images, while no cases were misclassified on T1 3D subtraction images. Conclusion: The T1 3D subtraction technique shows superior performance for determining the presence of enhancement on pituitary lesions compared with conventional DCE techniques, which may aid in diagnosing Cushing's disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.610-617
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• 1995

저자들은 활동성 선단거대증과 이로 인하여 생긴 확장형 성근병증에 의한 울혈성 심부전과 중증의 심실성 부정맥이 있는 환자에 동반된 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증후군을 치료하기 위하여 4개월간 지속적 영양공급치료를 시행한 예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 1994

This study was conducted to compare the endocrine milieu, and pregnancy rates in In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer(IVF-ET) program employing combined with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) and pergonal(LH 75lU+FSH 75lU) when either human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) or progesterone were used for luteal phase support. A total number of 40 IVF-ET treatment cycles were prospectively studied. Ovarian hyperstimulation method was modified ultrashort protocol using GnRH-a. All patients started Decapeptyl at menstrual cycle day # 2, and HMG was started at # 3 days. When leading follicle was ${\geqq}$18mm or at least two follicles were ${\geqq}$14mm in diameter, HCG 10000lU intramuscularly was injected. After 36 hours HCG administration, oocytes were retrieved as usual guided by transvaginal ultrasound. Embryo were transfered 36-48 hours later. The patient's cycles were prospectively randomized to receive HCG(20cycles) or Progesterone (20cycles) for luteal support. The progesterone group received 25mg 1M starting from the day of ET. The HCG group received 1500IU 1M. on days 0, +2, +5 after ET. Estadiol($E_2$) and Progesterone($P_4$) were measured on the day of oocyte aspiration, ET day, and every 6 days thereafter. Results were follows as; 1. Estradiol, progesterone and LH levels on the day of HCG trigger, retrieved oocytes and number of transfered embryo were not significantly different in both groups. 2. On the day of aspiration and embryo transfered day, $E_2$, $P_4$ level were significantly higher in progesterone group than HCG group(p<0.01). 3. $E_2$, $P_4$ level on 6 days after ET were significantly higher in progesterone group than HCG group(p<0.01). But, $P_4/E_2$ ratio was not different in both groups. 4. $E_2$, $P_4$ level 12 days after ET were decreased abruptly in both groups and higher hormonal level appeared in HCG group(P<0.01). 5. The total pregnancy rate in the HCG group was 40% (8/20) and in the progesterone group 15%(3/20). 6. Comparing the pregnant and nonpregnant cases progesterone group was not different the hormonal status. In HCG group, pregnant cases appeared in higher $P_4$, $P_4/E_2$ ratio than nonpregnanct cases(P<0.01).

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1990

참구개구와 옴개구리의 여포를 생체외 배양하면서 progesterone (P$_4$)생성과 난자의 성숙 및 cyclic(cAMP)의 조절작용을 조사하였다.참개구리의 여포에 뇌하수체 추출물(frog pituitary homogenate.FPH)을 처리하면 농도에 의존하여 여포의 P$_4$생성이 증가하였으며 난자의 성숙(핵붕괴)이 일어났다. 이들 여포들을 배양하면서 3시간 간격으로 호르몬이 여포에 축적된 양, 배양액에 분비된 양 및 난자의 성숙율을 조사한 결과 FPH처리군에서 P$_4$는 3-6시간에 최고치 (여포내,약 400pg/여포;분비량,약 800pg/여포)를 나타내었으며 난자의 핵붕괴는 9-12시간에 일어났다. 상기 여포들과 같은 조건으로 배양하면서 forskolin과 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine(IBMX)을 배양액에 처리하여 간접적으로 여포내 cAMP의 농도를 높여주면 FPH와 유사한 양사으로 호르몬의 생성을 촉진하였다. 그러나 난자의 성숙은 전혀 일어나지 않았다. 옴개구리의 여포를 배양하면서 FPH를 처리하였을 때는 아무 처리를 하지않은 대조군과 비교하여 거의 P$_4$의 생성을 촉진하지 않았으며 난자의 성숙도 유도하지 못했다, 그러나 이들에게 forskolin과 IBMX를 처리하면 P$_4$의 생성을 현저하게 촉진하여 다량의 P$_4$가 여포와 (약 800pg/여포) 배양액에 (1700pg/여포)축적되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2003

The current study investigated the effect of Korean safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed powder and its water and ethanol extracts on bone metabolism during recovery from rib-fracture induced by surgical operation in rats. 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 320 g were divided into 9 groups after arrival: 10d control (AIN 76 semi-purified diet), 10d safflower seed powder (10d SS-powder), 10d safflower seed ethanol extract (10d SS-EtOH), 10d safflower seed water extract (10d SS-$H_2O$), 20d control (AIN-76 semi-purified diet), 20d safflower heed powder (20d SS-powder), 20d safflower seed ethanol extract (20d SS-EtOH), 20d safflower seed water extract (20d SS-$H_2O$), and 20d sham-operation (20d sham), The dietary level for all the supplements was 5% based on the raw material weight. The rats were fed the experimental diets for 10 days before the rib fracture operation and for a further 10 or 20 days after the operation. A number 9 rib was fractured surgically and a sham-operation also performed. The rats were then sacrificed on the l0th or 20th day after the operation. The body weight initially decreased after the operation in all the rib-fractured groups, then gradually recovered. The concentrations of plasma osteocalcin were higher in the control group than in all the safflower-supplemented groups 10 and 20 days after the rib-fracture (p < 0.05). The bone-specific ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity was significantly higher in the SS-EtOH group than in the other groups 20 days after the rib-fracture (p < 0.05). The level of urinary DPD (deoxypridinoline) was significantly higher in the SS-EtOH and SS-$H_2O$ groups than in the other groups 10 days after the rib-fracture. When comparing the PTH (parathyroid hormone) and calcitonin levels, the SS-$H_2O$ group exhibited the highest PTH level among the groups 10 and 20 days after the rib-fracture. Thus, it was concluded that the bone turnover during the fracture-healing period was more rapid in the rats supplemented with safflower seed powder or its fractions than in the control rats. Furthermore, the SS-$H_2O$ fraction was identified as the most effective in stimulating bone remodeling, as bone resorption and bone formation were both significantly increased during fracture healing when compared to the control group.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2017

본 연구는 암말의 계절에 따른 난소주기 변화를 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시마는 국립축산과학원 난지축산연구소에서 사육 보유하고 있는 Jeju crossbred horses(더러브렛${\times}$제주마) 21두를 공시하였으며, 2016년 5월부터 2017년 6월까지 공시하였으며, 암말의 생식기 및 난소 초음파 검사는 주 1회 초음파 진단기를 이용하여 난소 내 난포 및 황체를 확인하였다. 공시마의 호르몬 분석을 위해 일주일에 2회 채혈하였으며 혈중 P4 농도를 분석하였다. 난소주기가 진행이 되면 배란된 날에 난소주기가 재개된 것으로 간주하였다. 총 21두의 공시마 중 13두(61.9%)만이 정상적인 난소주기를 보였으며, 공시마 8두(38.1%)는 난소주기가 지연되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 10월에 3두(16.7%), 11월에 5두(27.8%), 12월에 5두(27.8%)가 발정이 정지 되었으며, 나머지 5두(27.8%)에서는 겨울철에도 발정이 지속되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 발정이 정지된 개체는 이듬해 3월까지 발정이 정지되어 있었으며, 비번식계절에도 27.8%는 발정이 지속되었다. 18두 중 4월달에 11두(61.1%), 5월달에 2두(11.1%)가 발정이 재귀되었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.185-193
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• 1998

본 연구는 황기의 사료내 첨가·급여가 육계의 항병성, 생산성 및 계육의 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 시행하였다. 기초사료는 전기 3주와 후기 2주에 각각 21과 19％ 수준의 조단백질이 함유되었다. 시험설계는 황기의 첨가수준을 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00％로 4개의 처리구로 하였고, 처리구당 4반복으로 하였으며, 반복당 50수씩 800수를 이용하였다. 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율은 5주동안 매주 측정하였고, 시험 종료시에 혈액의 성상 및 계육의 지방과 단백질함량을 조사하였다. 황기 첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 성장에 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, 사료섭취량은 대조구에 비하여 현저하게 감소하였고(P<0.05), 사료효율은 0.25％첨가구에서 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 육계용 사료에 황기의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라서 혈청 콜레스테롤과 AST는 감소하였으며, 헤마토크릿, 지방, 인과 BUN의 수준은 0.25％첨가구에서 감소하였다. 혈청 GH와 IGF-1은 0.50과 1.00％ 황기 급여구에서 대조구에 비하여 낮았다. 0.25와 0.50％황기 첨가구에서 가슴육의 지방과 단백질함량은 대조구에 비하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 0.50％이상의 수준에서는 일관성이 없었다. 본 시험의 결과 육계용 사료에 황기의 적정 첨가수준은 0.25％이하에서 생산성과 항병성 및 계육의 품질을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

최근 들어 모유 단독 수유의 장기화 및 잘못된 식이 제한 등으로 인한 비타민 D 결핍성 구루병의 발병이 점차 증가하고 있는 시점에서, 비타민 D 결핍성 구루병 및 이와 동반된 저칼슘혈증성 경련에 대한 예는 다소 보고된 바 있으나, 비타민 D 결핍으로 인해 골 병변 뿐 아니라 저칼슘 혈증, 부갑상선 기능 항진증, 나아가 신세뇨관성 산증까지 초래한 예는 보고된 바가 없었다. 저자들은 8개월간 모유 단독 수유만 유지하던 중 저칼슘혈증성 경련을 주소로 내원하여 골 병변을 동반한 비타민 D 결핍성 구루병과 부갑상선 항진 및 근위 세뇨관성 산증을 진단 받은 후, 적절한 칼슘, 비타민 D, 중탄산염 투여 후 완전히 회복된 환자의 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.