• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2004

본 연구는 흰쥐(S.D, ♂)에 각 처리에 따라 기초사료로 시판사료(T$_1$)를 무제한 급여하면서 시험사료로 한약 증탕액 (T$_2$), 오골계 증탕액(T$_3$), 오골계 교잡종 육에 Flavourzyme을 0.1%첨가하여 가수 분해시킨 후 한약제와 혼합하여 증탕시킨 증탕액(T$_4$)을 35일간 경구 투여한 후 흰쥐의 혈청에 대한 glucose및 hormones과 면역학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사 한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 비만하였을 때나 과도한 스트레스를 받았을 때 insulin 함량이 증가한다고 하였으나 효소 처리 오골계 교잡종 증탕액을 급여한 처리구에서 체중 증가가 일반사료를 급여한 처리구에 비해 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였어도 insulin 함량이 일반사료 급여구보다 증가하지 않은 것으로 나타나 바람직한 생리현상을 나타냈다. Aldosterone은 스테로이드 계통의 호르몬으로 물의 생리적 밸런스와 혈압조절에 관여하는데 일반사료 급여구에 비해 한약 증탕액, 오골계 증탕액,효소 처리 오골계 증탕액 급여 구에서 낮은 함량을 나타내 고농도 단백 식이의 급여에도 불구하고 aldosterone수치의 저하로 혈압 저하의 효과를 나타 낸 것은 한약을 첨가시켜 고압으로 처리시킨 증탕액의 효과와 가수분해 효소에 의한 소화가 용이하도록 처리한 결과로 사료된다 Cortisol은 스트레스 측정에 감도가 높은 호르몬으로 알려져 있는데 일반사료급여구가 0.67 nmol/L인 반면 증탕액을 급여한 구에서는 0.40∼0.49 nmol/L으로 cortisol 농도가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈는데 이는 aldosterone에서와 같이 한약제와 동물성 단백질을 섭취함에 따른 효과로 사료된다. 흰쥐에 증탕액 급여가 면역반응에 미치는 영향에서 IL-4, IFN-v 및 anti-BSA IgG의 역가는 일반사료를 급여한 처리구에 비해 오골계 증탕액 및 효소 처리 오골계 교잡종 증탕액 급여구에서 spleen과 serum두에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데 앞에서 언급했던 바와 같이 한약(십전대보탕)의 효과와 소화시키기 쉬운 고농도의 단백질 가수분해 물질의 다량 섭취에 의해 면역 활성이 증가되었을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2011

본 실험은 사계성 딸기의 무병묘 대량생산을 위한 bioreactor 배양 시 배지조건을 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 배지조건은 MS배지 내 질소질 종류 2처리 ($NH_4NO_3-KNO_3$혼합, $KNO_3$ 단독), MS배지 내 질소농도 4처리 (1/2배, 1배, 2배, 3배), sucrose농도 3처리 ($10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $20g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$)와 배지 pH 3처리 (pH 4.6, 5.6, 6.6) 등을 실험하였다. 사계성 딸기의 bioreactor 배양 시 MS배지 내에 $NH_4NO_3$와 $KNO_3$를 혼합처리한 배지가 생육량이 많았다. 질소농도가 높아질수록 배지 EC가 급격히 높아지고, 그에 따라 유식물체 생육이 억제되었다. 질소질 1/2배에서 생육량이 많고 신초가 10.8개로 가장 많이 발생하였다. Bioreactor 배양 시 sucrose농도는 $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$에서 생체중이 3,101 mg으로 가장 무거웠고, 지상부와 지하부 생육량 모두 다른 농도에 비해 많았다. 또한 sucrose농도가 높아질수록 신초수도 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 배지 pH는 5.6-6.6 범위에서 지상부와 지하부 생육량이 모두 많았다. 따라서 사계성 딸기 조직배양묘의 bioreactor를 이용한 대량증식 및 뿌리발달에 알맞은 배지 조건은 MS 무기염을 기본으로 하여 배지 내 질소질은 $NH_4NO_3$와 $KNO_3$ 혼합, 농도는 1/2배, sucrose농도는 $30g{\cdot}L^{-1}$과 배지 pH는 5.6-6.6 범위가 가장 적당하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2008

목 적: 체외수정을 위한 과배란유도 시 난소 반응성의 예측 인자로서 항뮬러리안 호르몬 (AMH)의 효용성을 FSH와 비교하여 알아보고, 체외수정 결과와의 관계도 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2007년 1월부터 2007년 8월까지 단기 요법이나 GnRH antagonist 요법을 이용하여 체외수정을 시행하는 111명을 대상으로, 생리주기 3일째 혈중 AMH 및 FSH를 전향적으로 측정하였다. 과배란유도 후 채취된 난자 개수와 AMH 또는 FSH의 상관관계를 분석하였고, 채취된 난자 수 및 AMH 수치에 따라 과배란유도 결과와 체외수정 결과를 비교하였다. 저반응군 및 과반응군의 예측을 위한 AMH의 임계치를 알아보기 위해 ROC curve 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과: AMH는 채취된 성숙 난자 수와 밀접한 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으며 (r=0.792, p<0.001), FSH (r=-0.477, p<0.001) 보다 더 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 난소 반응성에 따라 저반응군 (성숙난자수 ${\leq}2$), 정상반응군 ($3{\sim}16$), 과반응군 (${\geq}17$)으로 나누어 AMH와 FSH 수치는 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 저반응군 (채취된 성숙 난자 수${\leq}2$) 및 과반응군 (채취된 성숙 난자 수${\geq}17$)을 예측하는데 ROC curve 상 AMH의 임계치는 각각 <0.50 ng/ml (sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 89.5%), 및 ${\geq}2.60\;ng/ml$ ((sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 87.0%)였다. AMH level에 따라 low AMH group (${\leq}0.60\;ng/ml$), normal AMH group ($0.60{\sim}2.60\;ng/ml$), high AMH group으로 구분하여, 각 군간 채취된 성숙 난자 수와 ($2.7{\pm}2.2$, $8.1{\pm}4.8$, $16.5{\pm}5.7$, p<0.001), 투여된 성선자극호르몬제의 용량에 ($3530.5{\pm}1251.0$, $2957.1{\pm}1057.6$, $2219.2{\pm}751.9\;IU$, p<0.001) 유의한 차이를 보였다. 성숙 난자의 비율과 수정율에 유의한 차이는 없었으며 임신율도 23.8%, 34.0%, 37.5%로 각 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 혈중 기저 AMH는 과배란유도 시 채취되는 성숙 난자 수와 높은 상관관계가 있어 난소 반응성의 예측 인자로서 유용할 것으로 생각된다. AMH 수치에 따라 체외수정 결과에는 차이가 없었으나, 저반응군 및 과반응군의 예측에 유용하여 체외수정 시 주기의 취소나, 환자별 적정 용량의 결정 및 난소과자극 증후군의 위험을 감소시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 1990

In 105 patients with the past history of poor response to the previous controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) due to poor follicular growth or premature LH surge, the effectiveness of pituitary suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRH agonist) in IVF/GIFT program was evaluated in 112 cycles of COH using a combination regimen of Leuprolide acetate (Lupron TAP Pharmaceuticals, USA) and FSH/hMG or pure FSH from May to December, 1989 at SNUH. Starting on day 21 of the menstrual cycle(MCD #21, Day 1), Lupron (1.0mg/day, subcutaneous) was administered once a day till next MCD #3(suppression phase). After the confirmation of pituitary suppression, ovarian follicular growth was stimulated with FSH/hMG or pure FSH from MCD #3(Day + 1), and Lupron was continued with hMG or FSH until hCG administration (D 0) (stimulation phase). After suppression phase, serum E2 level decreased from 183.7${\pm}$95.1(Day 1) to 17.4${\pm}$12.3pg/ml (Day +1), and serum progesterone level from 19.17${\pm}$8.67 to 0.12${\pm}$0.05ng/ml. But there was no decresas in serum LH and FSH levels; LH from 12.74${\pm}$6.21 to 15.49${\pm}$4.93mIU/ml,FSH from 7.60${\pm}$3.84 to 8.58${\pm}$3.15 rnlU/ml. There was no occurrence of premature LH surge during COH. Eleven cycles(9.8%) were cancelled due to poor follicular growth during stimulation phase, and 3 cycles (3.0%) failed in the transvaginal oocytes fretrieval. Serum E2 level was 1366.8${\pm}$642.4 on D 0 and 1492.3${\pm}$906.9pg/ml on D+1. 7.00${\pm}$3.32 follicles(FD${\geq}$12mm) were observed on D 0, and 6.11${\pm}$4.15 oocytes were retrieved, with the oocyte retrieval rate per follicle of 95.0%. 3.59${\pm}$2.57 oocytes were fertilized and cleaved with the oocyte cleavage rate of 55.7%. In 83 IVF patients, 4.08${\pm}$2.39 embryos were transferred, and 16 pregnancies were obtained with the pregnancy rate per ET 2.39 mebryos were transferred, and 16 pregnancies were obtained with the pregnancy rate per ET of 19.3%. In 6 GIFT patients, 7.83${\pm}$3.31 oocytes were retrieved and transferred with maximum number of 6, but no pregnancy was obtained. When compared with the previous 108 cycles of COH using FSH/hMG or pure FSH regimen, the cancellation rate during COH was significantly decreased, and all the parameters of the outcome of COH including the pregnancy rate were increased. These data suggest that GnRH agonist therapy for pituitary suppression is an effective adjunct to the current gonadotropin regimens for COH in IVF/GIFT and can increase the probability of oocytes retrieval and pregnancy, especially in the previous poor responders.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1997

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of pathophysiological in the kidney. This study was designed to examine the effects of high glucose concentration on IGF-I binding and glucose transporters in renal proximal tubule cells. The results were as follows : The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ reached the peak at the 30 minutes and gradually decreased by the time dependent manner. The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ was inhibited by the unlabelled IGF-I($10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$) in a concentration dependent manner. The relative affinity of IGF-I receptor for IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin exhibited typical type 1 binding(IGF-I > insulin > IGF-II). However IGF-II did not compete for the cultured cell membrane $^{125}I-IGF-I$ binding site at $10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$. Under optimal conditions, IGF-I binding to the membranes from 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells was analyzed. It was found that 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher binding activity for IGF-I. In order to further substantiate this increase in IGF-I binding sites, we performed affinity-labelling studies. The cross-linked cell membrane subjected to SDS-PAGE; labelled material was detected by autoradiography. 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher levels. The initial rate of $methyl-{\alpha}-D-glucopyranoside({\alpha}-MG)$ uptake was significantly lower($74.41{\pm}6.71%$) in monolayers treated with 20mM glucose than those of 5mM glucose. However, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose(3-O-MG) uptake was not affected by glucose concentration in culture media. IGF-I significantly increased ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake in both 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells. However, 3-O-MG uptake was not affected by IGF-I in both conditions. In conclusion, 20mM glucose increased binding sites of $^{125}I-IGF-I$, inhibited Na/glucose cotransporter activity. But 20mM glucose did not change facilitated glucose transporter.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1150-1156
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• 2014

This trail was conducted to study the effect of L-proline on the growth performance, and blood parameter in the weaned lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged pigs. Thirty six pigs ($9.13{\pm}0.85$ kg) were assigned randomly to dietary treatments in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement in a 20-d growth assay. Factors were intraperitoneal injection with saline or LPS, and three dietary L-proline supplement levels (0%, 0.5%, or 1.0%). On d 10, blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS (100 ${\mu}g$ LPS/kg body weight [BW]) or saline injection. On d 20 of the trial, all pigs were orally administrated D-xylose (0.1 g/kg BW) at 2 h, and blood samples were collected at 3 h after LPS or saline injection. As a result, dietary supplementation with 0.5% proline had a tendency to increase average daily gain (ADG) in piglets during d 10 to 20 (p = 0.088). Without LPS challenge, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline had no effect on growth hormone (GH) concentrations on d 10 (p>0.05), but decreased it after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for GH concentrations on d 10 (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline decreased glucagon concentration on d 10 after LPS challenge (p<0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with proline increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly on d 10 and 20 (p<0.05), and 1.0% proline increased heat shock proteins-70 concentration on d 10 (p<0.05). Moreover, proline supplementation increased diamine oxidase (DAO) concentrations after LPS challenge (p<0.05). There was LPS challenge${\times}$proline interaction for DAO (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 1.0% proline increased the D-xylose level when no LPS challenge (p<0.05). These results indicate that proline supplementation could improve growth performance, increase SOD activities, and has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract digestibility in early weaned pigs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2005

드물게 발생하는 말단비대증은 성장호르몬 및 IGF-1의 증가에 따라 악성 및 양성 종양의 발생이 증가하는 것으로 알려지고 있어 이에 대한 조기 발견과 치료에 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. 저자들은 58세 남자가 객혈을 주소로 내원하여 폐의 편평 상피 세포암과 위선암 및 대장 폴립이 동반된 말단비대증 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1996

For evaluating the suitability of human follicular fluid(HFF) as protein supplement in ART, this preliminary study was performed to examine the maturation promoting activity of HFF on mouse follicular oocytes in vitro. Mouse follicular oocytes were collected from ovaries of 21-28 day old ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with fine needle at 48 hours after PMSG injection. The oocytes were rinsed and cultured in modified Whittingham's $T_6$ medium containing purines or dbcAMP to maintain meiotic arrest, and different concentrations of HFF were added into the culture medium to examine the effect of HFF on releasing the oocytes from the suppressive influence of the meiotic inhibitors. As a control for HFF, the maturation promoting activity of human fetal cord serum(HFCS) was investigated and compared with the activity of HFF. While HFF was separated, by molecular weight(M.W), into high M.W. fraction(M.W>30,000) and low M.W. fraction(M.W<30,000) and the effects of the fractions on meiotic resumption were investigated in the presence of the meiotic inhibitors. Also hormone analysis was performed to compare the content of hormones in HFF with that in HFCS. Same concentrations of HFF and HFCS induced similar germinal vesicle break down(GVBD) rates of the oocytes meiotic arrested by purines(4mM hypoxanthine+0.75mM adenosine), but the extrusion rate of 1st polar body(PB) of the oocytes cultured in HFF(65.0%, P<0.05) was significantly higher than that(51.6%) in HFCS. While, in the presence of 200 M dbcAMP, the maturation promoting activity of HFF (GVBD: 70.5%, $p<10^{-6}$; 1st PB extrusion: 67.1%, $p<10^{-3}$) was significantly greater than that of HFCS(GVBD: 35.2%; 1st PB extrusion: 41.1%). The oocytes cultured in the fraction of HFF containing high M.W. components showed higher meiotic maturation rates than the oocytes cultured in the low M.W. fraction of HFF. Gonadotropins and $E_2$ were known to improve the completion of maturation changes, and the levels of these hormones were higher in HFF than in HFCS. Therefore, HFF was more effective than HFCS to use for promoting meiotic resumption of mouse oocytes in vitro.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2005

Neuronal apoptotic events, which result in cell death, are occurred in hypoxic/ischemic conditions. Estradiol is a female sex hormone with steroid structure known to provide neuroprotection through multiple mechanisms in the central nervous system. This study was aimed to investigate the signal transduction pathway of $CoCl_2$-induced neuronal cell death and the inhibitory effects of estradiol. Administration of $CoCl_2$ decreased cell viability in both a dose- and time-dependent manner in PC12 cells. $CoCl_2$-induced cell death produced genomic DNA fragmentation and morphologic changes such as cell shrinkage and condensed nuclei. It was found that $CoCl_2$-treated cells increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities. However, pretreatment with estradiol before exposure to $CoCl_2$ prevented the reduction in cell viability reduction and attenuated DNA fragmentation and morphologic changes caused by $CoCl_2$. Furthermore, the $CoCl_2$-induced increases of ROS levels and caspases activities were attenuated by estradiol. Gene expression analysis revealed that estradiol blocked the underexpression of the Bcl-2 and ameliorated the increase in the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytoplasm and Fas-ligand (Fas-L) upregulated by $CoCl_2$. These results suggest that $CoCl_2$ induce apoptosis in PC12 cells through both mitochondria- and death receptor-mediated cell death pathway. Estradiol was found to have a neuroprotective effect against $CoCl_2$-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of ROS production and by modulating apoptotic effectors associated with the mitochondria- and death-dependent pathway in PC12 cells.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2005

RT-PCR을 이용하여 감성돔의 뇌하수체에서 발현하는 FSH$\beta$와 LH$\beta$ cDNA를 각각 cloning하였다. GenBank를 이용하여 FSH$\beta$와 LH$\beta$ 아미노산 배열과 상동성을 비교한 결과, 감성돔 FSH$\beta$는 참돔 FSH$\beta$와 $83.3\%$, snakehead fish FSH$\beta$와 $79.2\%$ 및 striped bass FSH$\beta$와 $76.0\%$의 상동성이 나타났으며 , 감성돔 LH$\beta$는 yellowfin seabream LH$\beta$와 $97.7\%$, 참돔 LH$\beta$와 $96.2\%$의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 1년생 수컷 감성돔에 GnRHa를 처리한 후, 뇌하수체에서 발현하는 GTH subunit mRNA의 농도와 혈중 T및 혈중 $E_2$ 농도의 변화를 조사하였다. GnRHa를 체중 g당 $0.2\;{\mu}g$으로 복강 주사한 후 0, 6, 12, 24 및 48시간제에 뇌하수체와 혈액을 샘플링한 결과, 호르몬 처리 후 6시간째에 FSH$\beta$ mRNA가 유의적으로 증가하였으나, LH$\beta$ mRNA 발현에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 혈중 T와 혈중 $E_2$ 농도는 GnRHa처리 후 24시간째 유의적으로 증가하였다.