• Title/Summary/Keyword: horizontal size

Search Result 756, Processing Time 0.029 seconds

A study of the adaptive de-interlacing up-conversions for enhancement horizontal and vertical edges (수평 및 수직 윤곽선을 개선한 적응 주사선 보간 알고리즘에 관한 연구)

  • 배준석;박노경;문대철
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
    • /
    • v.35S no.2
    • /
    • pp.114-125
    • /
    • 1998
  • In this study, for the first time, we propose the ADI(Adaptive De-Interlacing) algorithm, which improves visually and subjectively, horizontal and vertical edges on the image processed by the ELA (Edge Based Line Average) method. The proposed ADI algorithm enlargesthe window size to 5*3 in order to utilize the feature of the continuity of edges, and the adaptive interpolator is employed to decide adaptiely horizontal, diagonal, and vertical edges. Based on the results of the compter simulation, it is confimed that the new ADI algorithm improve the PSNR by 0.5dB in the Lena image with 512*512 size and by 0.4dB in the sequence image of a salesman, respectively. For the horizontal and vertial edges on the still and salesman sequence images, the proposed ADI algorithm has better visulal improvement than the conventional ELA algorithm.

  • PDF

Mechanical Pretreatment of Municipal Waste Incineration Ash for Recovering Heavy Metals by the Horizontal Gyration Method

  • Park, Joonchul;Kaoru Masuda;Yamaguchi Hiroshi;Shigehisa Endoh
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
    • /
    • 2001.10a
    • /
    • pp.664-667
    • /
    • 2001
  • Segregation of binary particle systems in a horizontally gyrated bed has been experimentally studied to recover the heavy metals from municipal waste incineration (MWI) ash. Differences in density and size had less effect on segregation. Effective segregation took place under the centrifugal effect of 1 or less for any particle size ratio. Zn, Cu and Pb were concentrated in the upper side of bed by the horizontal vibration. However, there was less change in concentration for other metals such as Mg, Al and Fe etc. The separation system with the horizontal gyrating separator proved to be an effective method for the pretreatment of recovering Zn, Cu and Pb from incineration residues.

  • PDF

Natural Convection in a Partially Opened Enclosure with a Horizontal Divider (수평격판을 갖는 상부가 부분 개방된 밀폐공간내의 자연대류)

  • Kim, J.S.;Chung, I.K.;Song, D.J.
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.528-537
    • /
    • 1995
  • Natural convective flow and heat transfer characteristics in a partially opened enclosure fitted with a horizontal divider are investigated numerically. The enclosure is composed of a lower hot and a upper cold horizontal walls and adiabatic vertical walls. A divider is attached perpendicularly to the vertical insulated wall. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method with Galerkin method. The computations have been carried out by varying the length of divider, the opening size, and the Rayleigh number based on the temperature difference between two horizontal walls and the enclosure height for air(Pr=0.71). As result, when the opening size is fixed, the intensity of the secondary flow is weaken as the length of divider increases. The maximum heat transfer rate over the upper cold wall occurs at a position bounded on the opening. However, when the length of divider is increased considerably, its maximum occurs at the right wall. The stability and frequency of oscillation are affected by the Rayleigh number and length of divider. The Nusselt number is increased with the increase of the opening size and the increase of Rayleigh number.

  • PDF

Experimental study on the horizontal bearing characteristics of long-short-pile composite foundation

  • Chen-yu Lv;Yuan-cheng Guo;Yong-hui Li;An-di Hu-yan;Wen-min Yao
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
    • /
    • v.33 no.4
    • /
    • pp.341-352
    • /
    • 2023
  • Long-short pile composite foundations bear both vertical and horizontal loads in many engineering applications. This study used indoor model tests to determine the horizontal bearing mechanism of a composite foundation with long and short piles under horizontal loads. A custom experimental device was developed to prevent excessive eccentricity of the vertical loading device caused by the horizontal displacement. ABAQUS software was used to analyze the influence of the load size and cushion thickness on the horizontal bearing mechanism. The results reveal that a large vertical load leads to soil densification and increases the horizontal bearing capacity of the composite foundation. The magnitude of the horizontal displacement of the pile and the horizontal load borne by the pile are related to the piles' positions. Due to different pile lengths, the long piles exhibit long pile effects and experience bending deformation, whereas the short piles rotate around a point (0.2 L from the pile bottom) as the horizontal load increases. Selecting a larger cushion thickness significantly improves the horizontal load sharing capacity of the soil and reduces the horizontal displacement of the pile top.

Comparisons of Drainage Performance on Coarse Grained Soils with Regard to Horizontal Drainage Type (조립질 지반에서의 수평배수재 종류에 따른 배수성능 비교)

  • Teawan Bang;Wanjei Cho;Seunghwan Seo
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
    • /
    • v.24 no.11
    • /
    • pp.25-31
    • /
    • 2023
  • Horizontal drainage, which are representative dewatering method of domestic and foreign slope, are applied to reducing pore water pressure. Accordingly, several previous studies have been conducted, but horizontal drainage are standardized which is an unclean standard for a quantity calculation in filed. Therefore, this study presents field soil and laboratory model box to identify a drainage performance and influencing factors of various horizontal drainage. Furthermore, this study verifies the performance comparison of drainage shape or size according to different particle size distributions. In the outflow results for steady state, the study found that all samples are drained at a constant rate after a minimum of 3 minutes to maximum of 15 minutes. In the case of comparing the outflow per hour (Unit flux) in coarse grained soils, it found that drainage shape and size affect drainage performance. In the result, the future expected to be used basic data that experiment of drainage performance on fine grained soils and determine the quantity.

Field Test of Recycled Aggregates and Crushed Stone as Horizontal Drains (수평배수재용 순환골재와 쇄석의 현장시험)

  • Kim, Si-Jung;Lee, Dal-Won
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.54 no.1
    • /
    • pp.39-45
    • /
    • 2012
  • In this study, field test on utilization of recycled aggregates and crushed stone as horizontal drains to use an alternative material of sand in soft ground is practiced. The settlement with time showed similarly ranged from 28.4-30.3 cm in the all horizontal materials. The excess pore water pressure of the recycled aggregates and crushed stone showed smaller than sand. The small the excess pore water pressure becomes faster the consolidation period and it can reduces the amount of residual settlement. Therefore, it was verified as having enough to an alternative materials that the field applicability is excellent. The distribution of earth pressure with time showed similarly in the all horizontal materials. The recycled aggregates and crushed stone was very applicable to practice because there is no mat resistance in the horizontal drains layer. The penetration rate in the SCP and PVD improvement sections did not show large differences as the grain size and the horizontal drainage height increases.

The Numerical Analysis of Pillar Stability with Multiple, Irregular Openings (다수의 불규칙 공동을 갖는 광주의 안정성에 관한 수치해석)

  • Min, Hyung-Ki;Lim, Han-Uk
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
    • /
    • v.24 no.A
    • /
    • pp.139-155
    • /
    • 2004
  • A room and pillar mining method has been adopting at the Jeungsun limestone mine. To check stability of pillar with multiple and irregular openings, the size, shape and spacing of rib pillar were first designed using some empirical suggestions. The Finite Difference Method(FDM)was used to analyze the pillar stability. Twelve different cases with the variation of K(horizontal/vertical stress)values, different height and different spacing of pillar were used in this study. Finally Mohr-Coulomb criterion was adopted to calculate the safety factors. Horizontal and vertical displacement, maximum and minimum principal stresses, range of plastic zone and safety factors were calculated at each case. As a result of analysis, the size of one block is 160m long, 70m wide, 40m high with 20m wide rib pillar and 20m square column pillar. The overall recovery at this case can be estimated about 40%.

  • PDF

Evaluation of Applicability of Sliding Carriage on the Membrane Retractable Roof under Vertical and Horizontal Load Considering the Inner Holder with Various Section Characteristics (다양한 단면성질의 Inner Holder를 고려한 연성 개폐식 Sliding Carriage의 수직 및 수평하중에 대한 적용성 평가)

  • Hwang, Kyung-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.67-73
    • /
    • 2022
  • Middle size of membrane retractable roof is under 25m span which consists of various moving systems. Sliding carriage is the system that leads the membrane to parking place, transferring the load from the membrane to structural cable. When membrane moves roof, thus, structural behavior of sliding carriage, which may contain various shapes with friction coefficients, should be investigated by vertical load as well as horizontal load. Nummerical simulation of sliding carriage prototypes, in this research, were performed by incrementation of vertical load and horizontal load as well. Consequently, this paper evaluated proper shapes of inner holder of Sliding carriage and evaluated the effective contact area of inner hold.

Generation of Visual Field Considering 8 Meridians and Background Conditions of Visual Tasks (시각작업의 배경 조건과 8개 Meridian을 고려한 시각영역의 생성)

  • Kee, Do-Hyung;Kim, Hyung-Su;Jung, Eui-S.;Kang, Dong-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
    • /
    • v.23 no.3
    • /
    • pp.533-544
    • /
    • 1997
  • Among numerous factors that have an effect on visual field, the effects of background condition on the size of the visual field were investigated to obtain more practical visual field that can be readily applicable to industrial settings. A visual experiment was conducted, in which the subject was instructed to search a target with distinct orientations. Size contrast, meridian, nontarget density, and subject's gender showed a significant effect on the size of the visual field at $\alpha=0.01$. The size of the visual field was linearly proportional to size contrast, and inversely proportional to density. Female's visual fields were found to be significantly larger than male subjects', The size of the visual field on horizontal axis was larger than that on vertical axis, and the size of the head & eye field on right meridian was also larger than that on left meridian. The shape was found to be horizontally oriented oval and statistically asymmetric with respect to horizontal and vertical axes. The regression equations to predict the visual fields on the given background condition were suggested. The visual fields suggested in this study would be valuable to the design of visual displays and the panel layout of various displays and controls.

  • PDF

Size Control of Gold Nanoparticles by Heat Treatment and Its Use as a Catalyst for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth (열처리를 통한 금 나노입자의 크기 제어와 일벽 탄소나노튜브의 합성 촉매로의 이용)

  • Lee, Seung-Hwan;Jeong, Goo-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
    • /
    • v.23 no.12
    • /
    • pp.737-744
    • /
    • 2013
  • We demonstrated size control of Au nanoparticles by heat treatment and their use as a catalyst for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs) growth with narrow size distribution. We used uniformly sized Au nanoparticles from commercial Au colloid, and intentionally decreased their size through heat treatment at 800 oC under atmospheric Ar ambient. ST-cut quartz wafers were used as growth substrates to achieve parallel alignment of the SWNTs and to investigate the size relationship between Au nanoparticles and SWNTs. After the SWNTs were grown via chemical vapor deposition using methane gas, it was found that a high degree of horizontal alignment can be obtained when the particle density is low enough to produce individual SWNTs. The diameter of the Au nanoparticles gradually decreased from 3.8 to 2.9 nm, and the mean diameter of the SWNTs also changed from 1.6 to 1.2 nm for without and 60 min heat treatment, respectively. Raman results reconfirmed that the prolonged heat treatment of nanoparticles yields thinner tubes with narrower size distribution. This work demonstrated that heat treatment can be a straightforward and reliable method to control the size of catalytic nanoparticles and SWNT diameter.