• 한국해양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1977

피조개는 우리나라의 내만이나 내해의 비교적 수심이 깊은 곳에 사는 대형종으로 조개류 중에서 가장 값비싼 중요양식종이다. 이 종의 양식을 위한 관심이 컸고, 많은 노력도 해 왔으나 양식의 기본이 되는 종묘생산이 제대로 되지않아 그 양식은 언제나 형식에 지나지 않았다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.315-336
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• 2009

경상분지 북동부 일대의 제3기 결정질 응회암에서 발달하는 미세균열의 빈도수, 길이 및 밀도에 대한 분포특성을 도출하였다. 포항시 흥해읍 지역에서 채취한 3개 암석시료의 수평면 상에서 발달하는 134조의 미세균열은 박편의 확대사진을 통하여 구별하였다. 채취지점의 고도를 달리하는 3개 암석시료에 대한 미세균열의 길이-빈도 히스토그램에 대한 형태의 변화성을 도출하였다. 히스토그램들의 분포형태는 암석시료의 고도와 비례하여 음의 지수함수의 분포형에서 대수-정규의 분포형으로 점변한다. 다른 암석시료보다 고도가 낮은 암석시료 1의 분포형태는 넓은 길이분포를 보여주며, 다른 암석시료에 비하여 평균길이와 중앙값, 그리고 표준 편차가 높은 것이 특징이다. 한편 이와 같은 분포특성은 하부 경상누층군의 퇴적암에서 발달하는 절리의 길이분포와 부합한다. $N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$의 방향을 중심으로 하여 NW 및 NE의 양쪽 방향으로 갈수록 보다 길이가 짧은 미세균열의 출현빈도수는 증가하며, $N80{\sim}90^{\circ}W$ 및 $N80{\sim}90^{\circ}E$의 방향에서 각각 우세하다. 이러한 분포특성은 미세균열 조들 사이의 생성시기의 상대적인 차이 그리고 보다 짧은 미세균열의 신규 발생을 의미한다. 한편 $N60{\sim}70^{\circ}W$(최대길이:1.18 mm) 및 $N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W$(최대길이:0.80 mm)의 방향에서는 길이가 가장 긴 미세균열을 볼 수 있으며, 이러한 유형의 미세균열은 빈도수에 비하여 숫적으로 매우 제한적이다. 방향각($\theta$)-빈도수(N), 총길이($L_t$), 평균길이($L_m$) 및 밀도($\rho$)의 종합 분포도의 전 영역은 상관곡선의 형태에 의거, 5개의 구간으로 분류할 수가 있다. 분포도에서 밀도곡선은 서북서-동남동($N70{\sim}80^{\circ}W$), 남-북~북북동-남남서($N0{\sim}10^{\circ}W/N10{\sim}20^{\circ}E$), 동북동-서남서($N50{\sim}60^{\circ}E$) 그리고 거의 동-서($N80{\sim}90^{\circ}E$)의 방향에서 각각 5개의 뚜렷한 정점을 보여준다. 특히 단층의 주방향은 밀도가 높은 방향각과 부합한다. 결과적으로 밀도곡선의 이러한 분포형태는 기존의 연구에서 시사한 대표적인 최대 주응력 방향을 반영한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.111.2-111.2
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• 2011

While many astrophysical disks are vertically stratified and obey a polytropic equation of state, most studies on gravitational instability (GI) of flattened systems consider isothermal, razor-thin disks by taking vertical averages of disk properties. We investigate local GI of rotating pressure-confined polytropic disks with resolved vertical stratification by performing linear stability analysis. We find that the GI of vertically-stratified disks is in general a combination of conventional razor-thin Jeans modes and incompressible modes. The incompressible modes that dominate in the limit of the maximal disk compression require surface distortion and are an unstable version of terrestrial water waves. Disks with a steeper equation of state are found to be more Jeans unstable because they tend to have a smaller vertical scale height as well as a steeper temperature gradient corresponding to lower pressure support. GI depends more sensitively on the vertical temperature than density distribution. The density-weighted, harmonic mean, rather than the simple mean, of the adiabatic sound speed well describes the dispersion relation of horizontal modes, and thus is appropriate in the expression for Toomre Q stability parameter of razor-thin disks. We generalize Q into vertically-stratified disks, and discuss astrophysical application of our work.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2000

An ECR-PECVD system with the characteristics of high ionization rat다 ability of plasma processing in a wide pressure range and deposition at low temperature was manufactured and characterized for the deposition of thin films. The system consists of a vacuum chamber, sample stage, vacuum gauge, vacuum pump, gas injection part, vacuum sealing valve, ECR source and a control part. The control of system is carried out by the microprocessor and the ROM program. We have investigated the vacuum characteristics of ECR-PECVD system, and also have diagnosed the characteristics of ECR microwave plasma by using the Langmuir probe. From the data of system and plasma characterization, we could confirmed the stability of pressure in the vacuum chamber according to the variation of gas flow rate and the effect of ion bombardment by the negative DC self bias voltage. The plasma density was increased with the increase of gas flow rate and ECR power. On the other hand, it was decreased with the increase of horizontal radius and distance between ECR source and probe. The calculated plasma densities were in the range of 49.7\times10^{11}\sim3.7\times10^{12}\textrm{cm}^{-3}$. It is also expected that we can estimate the thickness uniformity of film fabricated by the ECR-PECVD system from the distribution of the plasma density.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2024

The hydraulic anisotropic behavior of unsaturated soil has not been fully explored in relation to the grain-size distribution. The present study conducted laboratory assessments to examine the hydraulic anisotropy condition of statically compacted specimens in various initial states. The investigation incorporated the concept of hydraulic anisotropy by employing two discrete forms of soil stratification: horizontal-layering (HL) and vertical-layering (VL). The examined soils comprised sandy silt and silty sand, exhibiting either unimodal or bimodal soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC). This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between the hydraulic anisotropy ratio and soil properties. The present study established a correlation between the hydraulic anisotropy ratio and several soil parameters, including fine content, dry density, plastic limit, and liquid limit. The study results indicate a non-linear relationship between the percentage of fine and dry density in soils with unimodal and bimodal soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and hydraulic anisotropy ratio.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.377-389
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• 2021

Reinforced concrete vertical silos are universal structures that store large amounts of granular materials. Due to the asymmetric structure, heavy load, uneven storage material distribution, and the difference between the storage volume and the storage material bulk density, the corresponding earthquake is very complicated. Some scholars have proposed the calculation method of horizontal forces on reinforced concrete vertical silos under the action of earthquakes. Without considering the effect of torsional effect, this article aims to reveal the expansion factor of the silo group considering the torsional effect through experiments. Through two-way seismic simulation shaking table tests on reinforced concrete column-supported group silo structures, the basic dynamic characteristics of the structure under earthquake are obtained. Taking into account the torsional response, the structure has three types of storage: empty, half and full. A comprehensive analysis of the internal force conditions under the material conditions shows that: the different positions of the group bin model are different, the side bin displacement produces a displacement difference, and a torsional effect occurs; as the mass of the material increases, the structure's natural vibration frequency decreases and the damping ratio Increase; it shows that the storage material plays a role in reducing energy consumption of the model structure, and the contribution value is related to the stiffness difference in different directions of the model itself, providing data reference for other researchers; analyzing and calculating the model stiffness and calculating the internal force of the earthquake. As the horizontal side shift increases in the later period, the torsional effect of the group silo increases, and the shear force at the bottom of the column increases. It is recommended to consider the effect of the torsional effect, and the increase factor of the torsional effect is about 1.15. It can provide a reference for the structural safety design of column-supported silos.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.337-342
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• 2007

In this study, molecular dynamics simulation of nano imprint lithography in which patterned stamp is pressed onto amorphous polyethylene(PE) surface are performed to study the behaviour of polymer. Force fields including bond, angle, torsion, and Lennard Jones potential are used to describe the inter-molecular and intra-molecular force of PE molecules and stamp, substrate. Periodic boundary condition is used in horizontal direction and canonical NVT ensemble is used to control the system temperature. As the simulation results, the behaviour of polymer is investigated during the imprinting process. The mechanism of polymer deformation is studied by means of inspecting the surface shape, volume, density, atom distribution. Deformation of the polymer resist was found for various of the stamp geometry and the alignment state of the polymer molecules.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1994

A new reliable method to prediet the axial vapor fraction distribution from the measured probability density of the liquid bulk temperature is suggested in this paper. And also the actual quality of the subcooled boiling flow is easily calculated from the liquid bulk temperature. When the heat generating rate is reached to the CHF value, the sharp wall temperature increasing by the wall temperature fluctuation is occurred under the CHF condition. This paper presents the simple wall temperature fluctuation model of transition boiling by the repeating process of overheating and quenching, when the coalescent bubble passes slowly near the wall. Experiments for the subcooled R-113 flow are carride-out in the range of(0.9399~4.461)${\times}10^6$kg/$m^2$hr mass velocity and 10~3$0^{\circ}C$ intel subcooling condition.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2011

In this study, breakdown characteristics of a vertical sphere-plane air gap in the presence of combustion flame were examined under the application of a.c. and d.c. high-voltages in order to investigate the effect of flame on the dielectric strength of air. Propane gas is used as the fuel of the flame, and the temperature distribution of air around the flame is measured. The polarity effects for the d.c. voltages and breakdown voltages of air when applied both of a.c. and d.c. voltages were examined in the case of the variation of the gap length and the horizontal distance between the flame and the high-voltage sphere electrode. The influence of relative air density, electrification and shape changes of the flame as factors that affect the breakdown voltages were discussed.

• 치과방사선
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.397-405
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• 1999

Purpose: To clarify the usefulness and the limitation of Digora system/sup (R)/ by evaluating the physical characteristics as the quantitative image on Image Plate(Ip). Materials and Methods: Radiograms were taken by Heliodent MD(Siemens Co.. Germany) with the image plate for adult. Cu-step wedge as reference material. and three pieces of dry mandibular bone. Image analysis was performed by single color enhancement. density measurement with histogram. The relationship between the exposure conditions and the distribution of the pixel values of the image. the variation of pixel values of each step of Cu-step wedge at two different area and Cu-equivalent value of three pieces of dry mandibular bone measure by the conversion equation. Results: There was no linear relationship between the exposure condition and the average pixel value of the image. of which the distribution was not even. The pixel value differences between the center portion and the periphery were ranged from 60 to 70 in vertical plane and from 15 to 26 in horizontal plane. Two plot profile formed at two different areas of the Cu-step wedge were different. The measured Cu-equivalent values showed the discrepancy among the times of measurement. Conclusion: As above results. Image Plate(Ip) of Digora system/sup (R)/ showed the limitation as the quantitative image. The physical property of IP was expected to need to be compensated for the quantitative evaluation of the bone or others