• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

The safety of human exposure to an ever-increasing number and diversity of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources both at work and at home has become a public health issue. To date, many in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that EMF exposure can alter cellular homeostasis, endocrine function, reproductive function, and fetal development in animal systems. Reproductive parameters reported to be altered by EMF exposure include male germ cell death, the estrous cycle, reproductive endocrine hormones, reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, early embryonic development, and pregnancy success. At the cellular level, an increase in free radicals and $[Ca^{2+}]i$ may mediate the effect of EMFs and lead to cell growth inhibition, protein misfolding, and DNA breaks. The effect of EMF exposure on reproductive function differs according to frequency and wave, strength (energy), and duration of exposure. In the present review, the effects of EMFs on reproductive function are summarized according to the types of EMF, wave type, strength, and duration of exposure at cellular and organism levels.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

이 연구는 2022 개정 교육과정의 생태전환교육 도입을 위해 2015 개정 가정과교육과정에서 활용하고 있는 중학교 가정과 교과서의 생태시민성 내용 요소를 추출하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 현직 중학교 가정과 교사 6인에게 생태시민성 내용 요소 분석에 대한 타당도를 검증받았으며, S-CVI 값이 0.97로 생태시민성 내용 요소 분석의 타당도를 확보하였다. 가정과 교과서에서 추출한 생태시민성 내용 요소 242개를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 2015 개정 가정과교육과정 내용 체계의 영역에 따른 생태시민성 내용 요소는 '인간발달과 가족' 영역에 가장 많았고, '자원 관리와 자립' 영역, '가정생활과 안전' 영역의 순으로 나타났다. 생태시민성 요소의 범주에 따라서는 가치⋅태도, 과정⋅기능, 지식⋅이해 범주의 순으로 나타났다. 교과서 구성 체계별로는 생태시민성 내용 요소가 그림, 본문, 활동, 보충 자료의 순으로 추출되었고, 출판사에 따라 생태시민성 내용 요소의 수가 차이가 크게 나타나 교과서 집필진의 인식이나 해석, 집필 방향의 중요성을 확인하였다. 이후 분석 결과를 바탕으로 가정교과의 생태전환 교육 도입을 위한 생태시민성 교육의 방안을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 생태전환교육이라는 교육과정의 새로운 지향점에 부합하는 생태시민성 교육을 가정교과에서 실천할 수 있다는 가능성을 밝히는 동시에 가정교과에서의 생태시민성 교육 방안을 모색하였다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2019

The respiratory medical device is a medical device that delivers optimal oxygen or a certain amount of humidification to a patient by delivering artificial respiration to a patient through a machine when the patient has lost the ability to breathe spontaneously. These include respirators for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anesthesia or emergency situations, and positive airway pressure devices for treating sleep apnea, and as the population of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and elderly people worldwide surge, the market for the respiratory medical devices it is getting bigger. As the demand for both airway pressure devices, there is a problem that the ventilator standard is applied because the reference standard has not been established. Therefore, the boundaries between the items are blurred due to the purpose, intended use, and method of use overlapping similar items in a respiratory medical device. In addition, for both airway pressure devices, there is a problem that the ventilator standard is applied because the reference standard has not been established. Therefore, in this study, we propose clear classification criteria for the respiratory medical devices according to the purpose, intended use, and method of use and provide safety and performance evaluation guidelines for those items to help quality control of the medical devices. And to contribute to the rapid regulating and improvement of public health. This study investigated the safety and performance test methods through the principles of the respiratory medical device, national and international standards, domestic and international licensing status, and related literature surveys. The results of this study are derived from the safety and performance test items in the individual ventilator(ISO 80601-2-72), the International Standard for positive airway pressure device (ISO 80601-2-70), The safety and performance of humidifiers (ISO 80601-2-74) and the safety evaluation items related to home healthcare environment (IEC 60601-1-11), In addition, after reviewing the guidelines drawn up through expert consultation bodies including manufacturers and importers, certified test inspection institutions, academia, etc., the final guidelines were established through revision and supplementation. Therefore, in this study, we propose guidelines for evaluating the safety and performance of the respiratory medical device in accordance with growing technology development.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life and to describe the pattern of unintentional injuries. Methods: The study population was the people who used the National Health Insurance because of injuries (ICD code: S00$\sim$T98) during 2006. The stratified sample according to gender, age and the severity of injury (NISS, New Injury Severity Score) was randomly selected. The questions on the questionnaire were developed as a reference for an international classification tool (ICECI, International Classification of External Causes of Injury). The questions included the locations of injury, the mechanisms of injury and the results of injury. Moreover, we used age, gender, region and income variables for analysis. Results: The CIR of unintentional injuries that occurred in daily life for 1 year per 100,000 persons was 17,606, and the CIR of severe injuries was 286. Many injuries were occurred at home (29.6%), public places (19.0%), school (13.7%) and near home (12.0%). The major mechanisms of injuries were slipping (48.8%), contact (14.0%), physical over-exertion (13.8%), and fall (6.6%). Infants and old aged people were vulnerable to injuries, and those who lived rural area and who were in a low income level were vulnerable too. Conclusions: We signified the risk groups and risk settings of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life. These results could contribute to establishing strategies for injury prevention and implementing these strategies.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1984

국산 retort pouch의 실용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 수입하여 사용되고 있는 외국제품과의 성능을 비교한 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가) 공전(空錢)상태에서의 물성강조 시험결과는 국산 제품(SM-4ply, SM-3ply)과 외국제품(JP-4ply JP-3ply)이 거의 동일한 강도를 유지하고 있었다. 나) Model식품을 이용한 pouch 물성(物性)강도의 경시적 변화결과도 외국제품에 비교하여 손색이 없었으며 laminate강도(적층박리강도)에서는 국산제품이 다소 우수한 결과를 보였다. 다) 실용제품(寶用製品)(retort curry and (packea rice)의 생산(生産)을 위한 실질적인 제조과정을 통하여 pouch의 내열성 및 내용식물의 보존성에 대하여 조사한 결과 국산제품과 외국제품간의 성능차이는 없었으며 이들 공시(供試) pouch는 $135^{\circ}C$ 가열살균에 견딜 수 있는 내열성과 상온유통과정에서 장기 보존이 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 라) 국산 retort pouch의 위생적 안전성은 보사부 고시 제 30호(78년 7월 24일)의 시험방법에 의하여 시험한 결과 규정에 부합되고 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5655-5662
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• 2011

본 연구는 초등학생의 안전사고와 충동성 및 어머니의 양육태도와의 상관관계를 파악하여 초등학생의 안전사고 예방을 위한 프로그램개발에 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 초등학생 558명으로 자가설문지를 활용하였고, 자료수집은 2010년 11월 15일부터 24일까지 이었다. 안전사고 발생율은 대상자의 51.5%로 나타났으며, 장소로는 학교와 집주변에서 가장 많이 발생하였다. 대상자의 안전사고발생은 성별, 학년과 학교생활태도에 따라서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 안전사고 발생은 어머니의 양육태도에서 권위주의적 통제 태도, 과보호적 태도, 성취적 태도와 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 충동성과는 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과로는, 초등학생들의 안전사고를 예방하기 위한 교육프로그램이 요구되며, 어머니의 양육태도에 대한 변화가 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2019

Surgical methods and associated precision systems have been developed, but surgical procedures that require precise location and fine manipulation of the lesion remain a limitation. The combination of precision robot manipulation technology and 3D medical image navigation technology overcomes the limitations of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and enables a more stable and successful operation. Surgical robots are surgical robots such as da Vince, and surgical robots using industrial robotic arms. There are various developments and researches of medical robots. In recent medical robot development, a new type of surgical robot based on an industrial robot arm capable of easily replacing the end effector according to the user's needs is being actively developed at home and abroad. Therefore, in this study, we developed safety and performance evaluation guideline for micro - surgical robots based on open robot platform using general purpose robot arm to help quality control of the medical device.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.173-190
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• 1998

This study reviewed both consumer movement and consumer policy of government in Japan. Their evolution since the Second World War will be reviewed and compared multiple periods, after the Second World war till the late 1960s, the period of the 1970s, the period after 1980s. In addition, firms' consumer satisfaction policies were briefly reviewed in order to fully understand consumer protection activities in japan. This study found four major characteristics of consumer protection activities led by both voluntary consumer organizations and government. First, consumer protection policy of government in Japan after the late 1960s was more active than that of consumer movement by consumer organizations. Second, major concerns for consumer protection were variant over time. The major goal in the first stage of period(during the 1960s) was to protect consumer safety from defective and dangerous goods and services, whereas the goal after the late 1970s was extended to cover various areas concerning the quality of life. Those areas refer to the quality of services, the way of sales and marketing, pollution of environment, and the quality of consuming life. Third, this study found that computer networks, aiming at collecting and analyzing the very useful to improve the consuming life of Japanese by providing sufficient consumer information to encourge rational choices of consumers. Forth, a close cooperation between the central and local administrations was crucial for the successful outcome In Japan This paper gives us useful guideline regarding how to improve consumer movement and govemments' policies for protecting consumer in Korea. In addition, other lessons on successful consumer satisfaction policies of Japanese firms may enable Korean firms to shape effective consumer policies of enhancing their competitiveness.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.241-257
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• 2008

The purpose of this study waw to investigate the effect of consumer knowledge of adolescents, money attitudes and consumption values on rational consumption behavior and the direct and indirect effects of these variables on rational consumption behavior. The subjects of this study were 524 students who were in the first grade and second grade of high school in Daegu. Multiple Regression Analysis and Path Analysis were employed for the data analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the knowledge of money management, the purchase knowledge and the consumerism knowledge effected on the money attitude, which regarded money as an instrument of future safety. Among these, it was found that the money management knowledge had the highest affect on this money attitude. The result suggests that the consumer knowledge affects desirable money attitude which regarded money as an instrument of future safety, and then consumer education influences positively money attitude. Second, the money attitude which regarded money as an instrument of future safety affected consumption values most, and the money attitude which regarded money as a means for approval of another person affected the ostentation, the conformity, the discrimination and the aesthetic enjoyment of consumption values. Third, the present study showed that the money attitude which regards money as an instrument of future safety and the economical consumption values were the important factor which affecting each subdimension of the rational consumption behavior. The result suggests the adolescents, who managed money well, saved it for the future, and saved the resources as much as possible when consuming, behaved rational and planned way through all process all process all consumption behaviors. Fourth, the consumer knowledge did not affect the rational consumption behavior directly, but indirectly through the money attitude and the consumption values. Therefore, the consumer knowledge, the money attitude and the consumption values were the important factor for the rational consumption behavior, and it revealed money attitude and consumption values played role as mediate variable. This study results suggest the consumer knowledge that adolescent have learned in school was theoretical and abstract, so it does not affect directly the rational consumption behavior. However these consumer consumption values affect the consumption behavior.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.111-133
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 가정과 교과서를 중심으로 세계시민교육에 대한 내용을 분석하여 가정과에서의 세계시민교육과의 관련성을 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위하여 병행 삼각 설계(concurrent triangulation design)의 절차에 따라 세계시민교육의 기준틀(UNESCO의 TLO)의 관점에서 2015 개정 중학교 가정과 교과서에 나타난 세계시민교육의 내용을 추출하여 분석하였다. TLO의 9가지 주제에 대해 빈도를 조사한 결과 세계시민교육 내용은 2015 개정 가정과 12종 교과서 전체에서 세계시민교육 관련 주제가 다뤄진 비율 중 사회·정서적 영역은 54.6% 정도를 차지하였다. 특히, TLO 4가 가장 높은 비율을 보였고 TLO 5, TLO 1의 순으로 나타났다. 중학교 12종 가정과 교과서에서 추출된 세계시민교육 학습 주제를 가정과 학습 영역별로 분류해 본 결과 아동·가족생활 영역(94개)은 모든 학습 주제와 가장 큰 관련성을 보였으며, 식생활(13개), 의생활(13개), 주생활(15개), 소비생활(14개)은 비슷한 분포로 학습 주제를 나타내었다. 아동·가족생활 영역은 청소년기 발달과 특징, 가족 관계, 성폭력과 가정 폭력 예방, 변화하는 가족과 건강가정, 저출산·고령사회와 일·가정 양립, 생애 설계와 진로 탐색에서, 식생활 영역은 청소년기의 영양과 식행동, 식품의 선택과 안전한 조리에서, 의생활 영역은 의복 관리와 재활용에서, 주생활 영역은 주생활 문화와 주거 공간 활용, 주거생활과 안전에서, 소비생활 영역은 청소년기의 소비생활 내용 요소가 세계시민교육의 학습 주제와 관련성이 있었다. 이처럼 세계시민교육 학습 주제와 가정과 모든 학습 영역별 학습 내용 요소와의 관련성이 높게 나타났다. 이에 가정과에서는 세계시민교육과 가정교과와의 관련성을 이해하여 어떻게 적용될지 파악하여 앞으로 세계시민교육과 관련된 프로그램 개발과 수업 개선 및 교과서 개발의 방향 설정이 필요할 것이다.