• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2009

In automotive company, a lot of researchers have investigated for the spatterless welding process during last two decades. A spatter influences on the product quality such as strength and surface states. In this paper, a hollow tip is proposed for spatterless process. An optimal size of electrode hole is obtained from a weldability evaluation of each hole diameter. Through the cross section analysis, a phenomenon that molten metal moves in the hole which located between two workpiece is observed, and this makes spatterless welding process even though current is higher. Finally, widely acceptable weld area in lobe curve is obtained by using hollow tip as compare with conventional no hollow tip. In this paper, spatterless resistance spot welding with improvement weldability and productivity is proposed by using hollow tip.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.429-448
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• 2001

An analytical model incorporating bending and shear behavior is presented to predict the lateral loading characteristic for rectangular hollow columns. The moment-curvature relationship for the rectangular hollow sections of a column is firstly determined. Then the nonlinear lateral load-displacement relationship for the hollow column can be obtained accordingly. In this model, thirteen constitutive laws for confined concrete and five approaches to estimate the shear capacity are used. A series of tests on 12 model hollow columns aimed at the seismic shear behavior are reported, and the test data are compared to the analytical results. It is found that the analytical model reflects the experimental results rather closely.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2011

An analytical method is presented to investigate electromagnetothermoelastic behaviors of a hollow sphere composed of functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM), placed in a uniform magnetic field, subjected to electric, thermal and mechanical loads. For the case that material properties obey an identical power law in the radial direction of the FGPM hollow sphere, exact solutions for electric displacement, stresses, electric potential and perturbation of magnetic field vector in the FGPM hollow sphere are determined by using the infinitesimal theory of electromagnetothermoelasticity. Some useful discussion and numerical examples are presented to show the significant influence of material inhomogeneity. The aim of this research is to understand the effect of composition on electromagnetothermoelastic stresses and to design optimum FGPM hollow spheres.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1991

In order to study drug release from the suppository, three types of hollow suppositories and one conventional suppository were prepared using indomethacin(IDM) as a model drug and Witepsol H-15 as a base. The 4 types of suppository prepared are as follows: type I, conventional suppository containing 50 mg of IDM powder, type II, hollow supository containing 50 mg of IDM powder in the cavity, type III, hollow suppository containing 25 mg of IDM powder in the base and IDM microcapsules (25 mg as IDM powder) in the cavity, and type IV, hollow suppository containing IDM microcapsules (25 mg as IDM powder) in the base and 0.5 ml of 5%(w/v) IDM-PEG 300 solution in the cavity. The drug amount released(%) from type II and I within 24 hrs was 46.7% and 66.9%, respectively. Comparing with the drug amount released from four types of suppository within initial 2 hrs and 24 hrs, that of type IV was high as 32.7% and 76.6%, respectively. IDM-ethycellulose microcapsules passed through 270 mesh sieve and the IDM content was 20.95%.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2012

Maxillary obturator prosthesis is the most frequent treatment option for management of partial or total maxillectomy. Heavy weight of the obturators is often a dislocating factor. Hollowing the prosthesis to reduce its weight is the well established fact. The alternate technique to hollow-out the prosthesis has been described in this article which is a variation of previously described processing techniques. A pre-shaped wax-bolus was incorporated inside the flasks during packing of the heat-polymerized acrylic resin to automatically create the hollow space. The processing technique described is a single step flasking procedure to construct a closed-hollow-obturator prosthesis as a single unit. To best understand the technique, this article describes management of a patient who had undergone partial maxillectomy secondary to squamous cell carcinoma rehabilitated with a hollow-obturator prosthesis.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.799-803
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• 2008

The possibility of manufacturing titanium hollow cylinder tank for ramjet engine was demonstrated with superplastic forming of subscale article. An innovative manufacturing method to produce complex configuration from titanium multi-sheets by low hydrostatic pressure was presented. Finite element analysis on superplastic blow forming process has been carried out in order to improve the forming process when manufacturing subscale hollow cylinder structure using Ti-6Al-4V multi-sheets. The simulation focused on the reduction of forming time and obtaining finally required shape throughout investigating the deformation mode of sheet according to the forming conditions and die geometry. From pre-sized titanium sheets, near net shape of hollow cylinder tank is obtained by superplastic blow forming conducted using gas pressure of 15bar at 1148K. The result shows that the manufacturing method with superplastic forming of multi-sheets of titanium alloy has been successful for near net shape forming of subscale hollow cylinder tank of ramjet engine.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.347-358
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• 2022

In this paper, we first introduce the notions of superfluous and coessential subacts. Then hollow and co-uniform S-acts are defined as the acts that all proper subacts are superfluous and coessential, respectively. Also it is indicated that the class of hollow S-acts is properly between two classes of indecomposable and locally cyclic S-acts. Moreover, using the notion of radical of an S-act as the intersection of all maximal subacts, the relations between hollow and local S-acts are investigated. Ultimately, the notion of a supplement of a subact is defined to characterize the union of hollow S-acts.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2012

중공슬래브 시스템은 슬래브 두께가 증가해도 자중은 크게 증가하지 않으면서 일반슬래브에 비해서 휨강성이 크게 저하되지 않는 장점이 있다. 그러나 이러한 장스팬 구조의 경우 바닥판 진동의 증가에 의한 사용성 문제가 발생할 수 있고, 특히 중공슬래브의 경우 기존의 구조시스템과 동적특성이 상이하다. 따라서 진동에 대한 중공슬래브의 안전성 및 사용성 검토가 요구되고 있으며, 이를 위한 실용적인 정밀해석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 고유치 해석을 위하여 일방향 중공슬래브의 동적특성을 비교적 정확하게 나타낼 수 있는 등가의 플레이트 모델을 사용하였다. 결론적으로 등가플레이트 모델이 일방향 중공슬래브의 동적특정을 비교적 정확하게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2014

중공슬래브는 슬래브의 자중을 감소시킴으로써 콘크리트 하중을 제어하여 수직 구조 부재 하중 및 지진 하중의 양을 감소시키는 바닥구조시스템이다. 중공슬래브는 슬래브의 자중을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있지만 슬래브 내부의 중공부로 인하여 휨 및 전단강도가 감소하기 때문에 구조 성능의 예측이 매우 중요하다. 중공슬래브에 관한 국내외의 많은 연구에도 불구하고 일방향 중공슬래브의 전단보강에 따른 전단강도에 관한 연구는 많이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전단보강 유무에 따른 일방향 중공슬래브의 파괴양상 분석과 산정식의 전단강도와 실험값의 전단강도의 비교를 통하여 일방향 중공슬래브의 전단보강의 필요성에 대해 검증하고자 한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.788-793
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• 2003

Rhodosporidium toruloides SJ-4의 epoxide hydrolase의 입체선택적 가수분해 반응을 이용하여 hollow-fiber 반응기에서 라세믹 phenyl oxirane 기질로부터 광학활성 phenyl oxirane을 생산하였다. 라세믹 에폭사이드 기질의 수용액 상에서의 낮은 용해도로 인한 저농도 반응의 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 dodecane 유기용매에 용해시켜 lumen 부위로 공급하였으며, 생촉매인 R. toruloides 세포 현탁액은 수용액강인 shell 부위에 위치시킴으로써 유기용매 사용에 따른 생촉매 활성 저하를 줄인 1단계 반응기 시스템에서는 200 mM의 고농도에서 (S)-phenyl oxirane을 생산할 수 있었다. 또한, 반응 산물로 생성되는 diol에 의한 생촉매 활성저해효과를 감소시키기 위하여 2단계 hollow-fiber 반응기에서는 완충용액을 이용하여 diol을 제거시킨 결과 300 mM에서 EH 활성을 이용한 입체선택적 가수분해반응을 수행할 수 있었으며, 200∼300 mM의 고농도 라세믹 기질로부터 99% ee 이상의 광학순도를 가진 (S)-phenyl oxirane을 이론 수율 대비 12∼35% 수율로 얻을 수 있었다.