• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.163-165
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• 2015

The genus Letrouitia is newly recorded for Cambodia, including the four species as L. domingensis, L. leprolytoides, L. sayeri, and L. subvulpina. A brief description and illustrations are provided.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2014

The "ShikLyoChanYo", written in 1460 by JunSoonYi (全循義), master court doctor in JoSeon (朝鮮) Dynasty, is the very first specialty publication of Korean dietary treatment existing today. Both Chinese and Korean scholars have assumed that this book had been lost long time ago. In November 2003, however, a Korean philologist found a version of the book, Yangyang (襄陽, a district name in Korea), and this book has attracted a lot of interest of Korean traditional medical science and agricultural science since then. This paper is to dissert the document of food therapy from the book with profound document study and statistical analysis in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Korean medicine on dietetics. It completes the study of the application of all the dietetic treatments according to symptoms of diseases and all the plants and medication applied to cure chronic conditions that are clinically examined for the purpose of food therapy. A general survey on sundry records related to this food therapy of the "ShikLyoChanYo" has been done to make this dissertation and it carried out a statistic analysis of all the dietetic mixing technique of all plants and medication. Among other symptoms of illnesses from the book, there are 7 frequently addressed ailments chosen from the aspect of food therapy - a stroke, a disease diagnosed by thirst, a serious cough, an ache resulting from numbness, a disease relating to stomach, blurry vision and weak hearing, and a drinking related disease. This part is to discuss these illnesses and how to cure them with food based on its characteristics and rules of application.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.70-85
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• 2007

Objectives : Considering the indigenousness of Korean medicine, the historical record was first introduced in 1946 as follows; a Chinese person, Ji-chong (知聰), brought 164 volumes of medical books to Japan via Goguryeo (高句麗) in A.D. 562. Since this event happened, Korean Oriental Medicine has been derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine because ancient Korean Medicine originated and was developed in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and role of Ji-chong in the history of medical exchanges between ancient Korea and Japan. Methods : We studied Ji-chong through ancient and modern historical literatures such as Nihon Shoki (日本書紀), the record of $Shinsen-sh{\bar{o}}jiroku$ (新撰姓氏錄), Korean Medical History (韓國醫學史), Japanese Medical History (日本醫學史), Samguk Sagi (三國史記), etc. Results : We found indications of the existence of Ji-chong and the import of Chinese medical literature to the ancient Korean peninsula by examining domestic and foreign historical literature. Especially, he was closely related to historical assumptions about the Japanese conquest of Goguryeo in A.D. 562, although without objective historical evidence and described only in modern Japanese historical records and Korean Medical History. However, substantial medical exchange toward Japan was accomplished by Korean medicine of either Goguryeo, Baekje (百濟), or Silla (新羅) dynasty until the late A.D. 6 century. Conclusions : Based on the above investigation, the idea that Ji-chong carried medical literature via Goguryeo in A.D. 562 needs to be reconsidered and the role of Ji-chong as recorded in a variety of literature and databases should be amended., Korean Oriental Medicine has been derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine because ancient Korean Medicine originated and was developed in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and role of Ji-chong in the history of medical exchanges between ancient Korea and Japan. Methods : We studied Ji-chong through ancient and modern historical literatures such as Nihon Shoki (日本書紀), the record of Shinsen-$sh{\bar{o}}jiroku$ (新撰姓氏錄), Korean Medical History (韓國醫學史), Japanese Medical History (日本醫學士), Samguk Sagi (三國史記), etc. Results : We found indications of the existence of Ji-chong and the import of Chinese medical literature to the ancient Korean peninsula by examining domestic and foreign historical literature. Especially, he was closely related to historical assumptions about the Japanese conquest of Goguryeo in A.D. 562, although without objective historical evidence and described only in modern Japanese historical records and Korean Medical History. However, substantial medical exchange toward Japan was accomplished by Korean medicine of either Goguryeo, Baekje (百濟), or Silla (新羅) dynasty until the late A.D. 6 century. Conclusions : Based on the above investigation, the idea that Ji-chong carried medical literature via Goguryeo in A.D. 562 needs to be reconsidered and the role of Ji-chong as recorded in a variety of literature and databases should be amended.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2008

Objectives: To review the history, method, parameters, system of electrogastrography(EGG) and to study its oriental medical application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: We investigate the research results through internet search engine, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). Results: In China, EGG was studied on various regions, including multifarious regions of Traditional Chinese Medical. And also regions of Traditional Chinese Medical could divide classification of diseases, herbal medicine, acupuncture and the like. Conclusions: EGG is a noninvasive, easy and painless method that is kept recordings of the electrical activity of the stomach, therefore it has used for studies and clinics widely. EGG in Traditional Chinese Medicine has used an objective parameter that verified efficacies of oriental medicine. I would therefore like to conclude that there should be continued study and active application of EGG in the wide variety of oriental medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

In ancient East Asia surgical methods existed even before the modern surgical methods were introduced. These surgical methods were mainly used to treat tumor, bruises, and dermatosis. The methods include many techniques such as making incisions in the skin, tell when to operate, and the aftercare following an operation. The traditional ways are not practiced any more due to its being replaced by the anesthesia techniques originating from the West, but the ancient methods can still be found in documents and these methods can be reproduced through such documents. There is a possibility that this ancient method could replace the present day method because of its nature-friendly characteristic as well as its post-operation management.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

Objectives: This study applied Havruta, a learner-centered educational method, and verified its effectiveness, to break from the existing mechanical memorization methods of scripture reading classes, which are basic subjects of East Asian medicine at East Asian medicine universities. Method: To this end, D University's scripture reading course was redesigned according to Havruta's teaching model, and Havruta classes were conducted according to the instructional design. Results: As a result of the class, students' Chinese translation ability improved, and they were able to concentrate on class (M=4.24). Through class, they acquired knowledge in the field (M=4.21) and their ability to communicate with others improved (M=4.21). M=4.25), it can be inferred and interpreted that the learner is engaged. Conclusion: The results of this study are examples of applying various teaching and learning methods required in the East Asian medicine evaluation and certification of East Asian medicine at East Asian medicine universities, and can be used as practical basic data that can be applied not only to scripture reading subjects but also to other subjects.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

The Qiantang Medical School(錢塘醫派) formed on the basis of the education provided by L$\ddot{u}$shantang(侶山堂) in the specific area of Hangzhou(杭州) displays clear differences from other medical schools in that it combined medicine with educational and research activities. The Qiantang Medical School(錢塘醫派) played an important part in the history of the traditional Chinese medicine via providing the education through Confucian academies and the researches conducted to find appropriate treatment methods based on the climate and natural environment of the southern part of China. The tradition of joint researches on the classical works of Chinese medicine is equally important in terms of the traditional Chinese medicine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2011

In the 18th century, Xu Lingtai (徐靈胎) and Yoshimasu Todo (吉益東洞) were medical revolutionaries. They emphasized researches about synthesis of formulae, efficacy of medication and observation and then classification of clinical phenomena, so they assumed a modern scientific character. But, there were clear differences between their academic thoughts. In this paper, we examine the causes of difference in three fields, i.e. traditional culture, viewpoints of talented people and academic personality. The first, difference was due to traditional culture. Chinese medicine has a long history and heavy traditional culture. Yin-Yang (陰陽) theory, Five Phase(五行) theory, Viscera and Bowels (臟腑) theory and Meridian and Collateral (經絡) theory stemmed from everyday practice, and Chinese people learn these theories from experience and observation. From the standpoint of Chinese people, particularly scholarly doctors [儒醫] such as Xu Lingtai, it was easy to debate medical theories. In contrast, Japanese traditional culture didn't have as long a history as China. Thus as a necessity, it was harder to disseminate traditional Chinese medicine theories in Japan. Yoshimasu Todo simplified it by cutting out the superfluous traditional Chinese medicine theory, so at that time it must have been shocking to the Japanese medical world's trends. The second, difference was due to viewpoints of talented experts. From the standpoint of Xu Lingtai, above all, medicine is just a learning, only a kind of technique, even more not a means of living. Xu Lingtai was concerned with the appearance of very talented experts such as 'great man' (偉人), and 'exceptional man' (奇士) who carried out medical research. Instead of cultivating a few talented people, Yoshimasu Todo tried to produce a large number of clinicians quickly who could treat ordinary people. The third was due to personality difference. As Xu Lingtai threw away Confucianism and studied medicine in his youth, although he had a critical attitude, he was always mild-mannered. Yoshimasu Todo always had a clearly critical and rebellious nature. Personality influenced their literary spirit and learning style, so although both advocated reactionism, the academic thought of Xu Lingtai was reformative and mild, while that of Yoshimasu Todo was revolutionary and fierce. Xu Lingtai and Yoshimasu Todo had considerably similar research domains and academic thought, so it is proper for them both to serve as examples for making a comparative study of medical history in China and Japan in 18th century.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2014

Objectives : The term ByunJeung is usually used to represent the characteristic of Korean Medicine. However the meaning of ByunJeung has not been consistent. After the 1980s when Traditional Chinese Medicine was introduced into Korea, the meaning of ByunJeung in Korea became diverse. In this paper, we aimed to research how the meaning of ByunJeung has been varied. Methods : We used four major journal database in Korea to search articles related to ByunJeung. Using the terms such as "변증" and "辨證", which mean ByungJeung in Korean and Chinese, we collected 500 articles in total. Among them, we chose only 61 articles selectively which mainly focused on the meaning of ByunJeung. We categorized those according to the specific meaning of ByunJeung which each article used, and qualitatively analyzed those articles. Results : Articles related to ByunJeung were categorized into three different groups. The first group was for the articles which dealt with changing meanings of ByunJeung. The second group was for the articles which focused on the modernized meaning of ByunJeung. The third group was for the articles which was on the traditional meaning of ByunJeung. Conclusions : The term ByunJeung holds a key concept in the current field of Korean medicine. Nevertheless, since the meaning of ByunJeung has been diverse, it often caused confusion among the people who used the term ByunJeung. Therefore we need to clarify the exact meaning when we intend to use the term. Also there should be a further discussion on the meaning of ByunJeung in the field of Korean medicine to facilitate better understanding on the characteristic of Korean medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.373-379
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• 2010

There has been a need for establishing operational curriculum for chinese characters and chinese writing used by traditional korean medicine (TKM), but it was not carefully recognized so far. We analysed the frequency of unicode chinese characters from five medical textbooks and showed prerequisite chinese characters for TKM beginners. It was found that 之, 者, 不, 也, 而, 氣, 陽, 陰, 下, 其, 病, 爲, 人, 以, 中, 則, 於, 脈, 上, 故 are the most frequently used 20 chinese characters. We also showed that adequate prerequisite chinese character should be designated for the more efficient education of TKM. This study was the first systematic approach to get essential and prerequisite chinese characters for the education of TKM. The prerequisite characters by this study will be used for the development of KEET (Korean Medicine Education Eligibility Test), entrance exam to the Colleges of Oriental Medicine and textbooks, and educational curriculum of premed students.