• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.271-286
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• 2016

We evaluate the temperature and salinity fields in the East Sea reproduced by the global ocean reanalysis data using HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM for short). Temporal correlation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) change between HYCOM and the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) are higher in summer than winter. Though distributions of temperature and salinity in the HYCOM are similar to those from historical data (World Ocean Atlas 2013 V2), salinity in the HYCOM is lower (highter) in the region where the salinity is high (low). Temperature fields in the Ulleung basin of HYCOM are quite similar to those derived from Pressure-recording Inverted Echo Sounder (PIES), such as the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.7. This indicates that the HYCOM represents well the circulation and meso-scale phenomena in the Ulleung basin.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2004

This study aimed to develop an agricultural drought assessment methodology for irrigated paddy field districts from a single reservoir. Agricultural drought was defined as the reservoir storage shortage state that cannot satisfy water requirement from the paddy fields. The suggested model, SRADEMP (a Single Reservoir Agricultural Drought Evaluation Model for Paddy), was composed of 4 submodels: PWBM (Paddy Water Balance Model), RWBM (Reservoir Water Balance Model), FA (Frequency and probability Analysis model), and DCI (Drought Classification and Indexing model). Two indices, PDF (Paddy Drought Frequency) and PDI (Paddy Drought Index) were also introduced to classify agricultural drought severity Both values were divided into 4 steps, i.e. normal, moderate drought, severe drought, and extreme drought. Each step of PDI was ranged from +4.2 to -1.39, from -1.39 to -3.33, from -3.33 to -4.0 and less than -4.0, respectively. SRADEMP was applied to Jangheung reservoir irrigation district, and the results showed good relationships between simulated results and the observed data including historical drought records showing that SRADEMP explains better the drought conditions in irrigated paddy districts than PDSI.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1998

This paper describes wind investigations for the Leaning Tower of Pisa which were conducted as part of an overall evaluation of its behaviour. Normally a short, stiff and heavy building would not be a candidate for detailed wind analyses. However, because of extremely high soil pressures developed from its inclination, there has been increasing concern that environmental loading such as wind actions could combine with existing conditions to cause the collapse of the tower. The studies involved wind assessment at the site as a function of wind direction, analysis of historical wind data to determine extreme wind probabilities of occurrence, estimation of structural properties, analytical and boundary layer wind tunnel investigations of wind loads and evaluation of the response with special concern for loads in the direction of inclination of the tower and significant wake effects from the neighboring cathedral for critical wind directions. The conclusions discuss the role of wind on structural safety, the precision of results attained and possible future studies involving field measurements aimed at validating or improving the analytical and boundary layer wind tunnel based assessments.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.89-108
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• 2020

Wearable bags are body-worn bags, integrated with clothing or accessories, and they can liberate the wearer's hands, offering enhanced mobility. The main purposes of this research were: a) to analyze wearable bag design cases ranging from historical costumes to contemporary fashion; b) to develop wearable bag designs using various defined design methods, styles, and features and prototypes; and c) to evaluate people's satisfaction with the developed wearable bags and their differences among people with different innovativeness levels. Thus, the wearable bag design cases involved in this study were researched and collected from previous literature searches. then, the wearable bag designs were developed and prototyped. Next. an evaluation survey was conducted using questions that assessed satisfaction with overall design and function, use and purchase intention, and consumer innovativeness. The results are expected to enhance the understanding of wearable bags and provide guidelines for designers who develop wearable bags. The results indicated that 80% or more of the surveyed people were satisfied with the design and function of the developed wearable bags. They perceived that the bags were easy to use and useful, and wanted to use and purchase them. Consumers with high social, functional, and hedonic innovativeness were more satisfied and perceived these wearable bags as easier to use and more useful and wanted to use and purchase them more than consumers with low innovativeness. This study can be helpful to designers developing wearable bags by providing a better understanding of wearable bags and consumer perceptions.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.459-474
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• 2023

Contemporary fashion criticism tends to rely solely on the established art criticism process without consideration of the distinctive characteristics of fashion. Thus, this study aims to reveal the unique roles and characteristics of fashion criticism by recognizing it as an independent field in contemporary art with its own social significance. This study will first apply traditional art criticism models to analyze and explore contemporary fashion criticism's empirical content before uncovering the uniqueness of contemporary fashion criticism by content analysis. Contemporary fashion criticism discusses not just physical objects but various topics and ideas, as well. Accordingly, the existing criticism model was modified in this study to fit contemporary fashion criticism and organized into five stages: description of historical fashion, form description, external evaluation, interpretation, and internal evaluation. Commerciality, the human body, coordination, the critic's individuality, trends, and fashion-related persons were identified as key factors of contemporary fashion criticism's uniqueness. In conclusion, rather than build a single contemporary fashion model, this study found it more effective to create individual fashion criticism models suitable for detailed fields, as these enable the discussion of multifaceted topics in the fashion field. This study is expected to serve a meaningful guide for the fashion discourses.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.2769-2784
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• 2020

This paper aims to compare the scenic images of four ancient Chinese cities including Lijiang, Pingyao, Huizhou and Langzhong, so as to provide specific development strategies for the ancient cities. In this paper, the ancient cities' scenic images are divided into three sub-indexes and eight evaluation dimensions. Based on this, the study first uses Python software to collect tourists' online comments on the four ancient cities. Then, the social network analysis method is used to build a high-frequency keywords matrix of tourist comments and the R language is used to generate a visual network graph. After this, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weights and values of eight evaluation dimensions. Finally, the tourists' overall satisfaction indexes of the four ancient cities are calculated accordingly. The results show that (1) the overall satisfaction of Lijiang is the highest, while that of Huizhou is the lowest; (2) from the weight of each evaluation dimension, it can be seen that tourists care more about the national culture and historical culture; (3) from tourists' satisfaction index on each evaluation dimension of the four ancient cities, we can find that the four ancient cities has their own advantages and disadvantages in tourism development. (4) local tourism-related institutions should strengthen their advantages and improve their deficiencies so as to enhance tourists' overall image of the ancient city.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2465-2471
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• 2013

현재까지 통행시간 예측과 관련된 다양한 연구들이 수행되었지만, 한국고속도로 특성에 맞는 예측방법론에 대한 실증연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 통행시간을 기반으로한 DSRC 자료를 바탕으로 한국고속도로에 적절한 예측방법론을 도출한다. 경부고속도로 안성 JC~오산IC 구간의 24시간 DSRC 자료를 이용하며 단주기 통행시간 예측 및 비선형 관계에서 높은 정확도를 보이는 인공신경망 기법을 적용한다. 이어서 랜덤난수를 이용한 통행시간 예측결과의 정확도 검증을 실시한다. 통행시간 예측결과 오차율이 약 4%로 우수한 예측력을 보였으며, 이는 패턴기반 인공신경망 예측시 이력자료의 전처리 과정과 최적의 입력층 및 은닉층의 선정으로 인한 결과로 판단된다. 통행시간 예측결과의 검증을 위해서 랜덤난수를 이용하였으며, 랜덤난수가 이력자료 패턴에 포함되지 않은 경우 실측치와의 오차율이 18.98%로 높게 도출되었다. 이는 인공신경망을 이용한 통행시간 예측시 패턴DB가 예측의 정확도에 주요하게 작용한 결과로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해서 한국고속도로 특성에 맞는 통행시간 예측 및 정보제공이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

가정용에서 사용되고 있는 에너지는 도시가스와 전기에너지로 구분할 수 있으며, 가정용 에너지 소비형태는 도시가스보다 전기에너지의 사용량이 증가하고 있다. 최근에는 저탄소 및 에너지 절감에 대한 이슈로 인해 전전화(全電化) 주택에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 누적된 에너지 소비 형태를 이용하여 가정용에서 소비된 에너지원별 사용량 및 에너지 지출비용을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 1차 에너지원인 도시가스 사용량의 감소와 더불어 전기에너지의 사용량이 점차 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 과거 25년간의 에너지 소비 이력 데이터를 이용하여 가정용에서 사용되는 에너지원의 사용량을 분석하고, 전전화 주택 도입 시 예상되는 전력량 및 열에너지 양과 에너지 비용을 분석하였다.

• 대기
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2012

The objectives of this study are to develop a real-time drought monitoring and prediction system on the East Asia domain and to evaluate the performance of the system by using past historical drought records. The system is mainly composed of two parts: drought monitoring for providing current drought indices with meteorological and hydrological conditions; drought outlooks for suggesting future drought indices and future hydrometeorological conditions. Both parts represent the drought conditions on the East Asia domain (latitude $21.15{\sim}50.15^{\circ}$, longitude $104.40{\sim}149.65^{\circ}$), Korea domain (latitude $30.40{\sim}43.15^{\circ}$, longitude $118.65{\sim}135.65^{\circ}$) and South Korea domain (latitude $30.40{\sim}43.15^{\circ}$, longitude $118.65{\sim}135.65^{\circ}$), respectively. The observed meteorological data from ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) and AWS (Automatic Weather System) of KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration) and model-driven hydrological data from LSM (Land Surface model) are used for the real-time drought monitoring, while the monthly and seasonal weather forecast information from UM (Unified Model) of KMA are utilized for drought outlooks. For the evaluation of the system, past historical drought records occurred in Korea are surveyed and are compared with the application results of the system. The results demonstrated that the selected drought indices such as KMA drought index, SPI (3), SPI (6), PDSI, SRI and SSI are reasonable, especially, the performance of SRI and SSI provides higher accuracy that the others.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

현재 사용되고 있는 실시간 신호제어시스템의 좌회전 녹색시간 배분모형은 검지기 장애가 일정기간 동안 유지되는 경우에 장애가 발생한 좌회전 이동류의 포화도를 항시 작게 산출하여 최소녹색시간으로 운영하고, 정상적인 이동류에 불필요한 녹색시간을 배분하여 수요에 비합리적인 녹색시간을 배분하는 한계성을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 해당 교차로 접근로의 검지기 정보 및 이력자료를 이용하는 8가지 모형을 검토하여 다양한 교통상황하에서 평가하였다. 평가 결과로부터 장애발생시 같은 요일 및 시간대의 4 주간 포화도를 평균하여 사용하는 모형이 최소의 오차를 나타내었고, 이를 개선모형으로 제시하였다. 개선모형의 실제적 효과에 대한 평가를 위하여 NETSIM 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 이용하여 기존모형과의 평균지체시간을 비교분석한 결과 개선모형이 기존모형보다 평균지체시간이 매우 감소된 결과를 얻었다. 그리고 산출된 평균지체시간의 차이에 대하여 t-검정을 실시한 결과, 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나 개선모형이 실제적으로 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.