• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.237-240
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• 2022

A 67-year-old man visited our plastic surgery clinic complaining of a palpable protruding mass (2.0×2.5 cm) in the right occipital region. To establish an appropriate treatment plan for the cystic mass, brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed. A 2.2 cm nodular lesion with peripheral enhancement in the right occipital region of the scalp was confirmed. In addition, two rim-enhancing nodular lesions up to 9 mm with marked perilesional edema in the right frontal lobe were confirmed. The findings suggested metastasis from cancer. After further evaluations, a mass in the right lower lung field was identified as adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histological examination characterized the excised lesion as a cutaneous metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma. This case report shows that a cystic mass, which commonly occurs in the scalp, may indicate lung cancer. In particular, if a cystic mass of the scalp is identified in a person at high risk for lung cancer, appropriate evaluation and urgent treatment should be performed.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2022

Cryopreservation of porcine ovarian tissue by vitrification method is a promising approach to preserve genetic materials for future use. However, information is not enough and technology still remains in a challenge stage in pig. Therefore, the objective of present study was to determine possibility of vitrification method to cryopreserve porcine ovarian tissue and to confirm an occurrence of cryoinjuries. Briefly, cryoinjuries and apoptosis patterns in vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue were examined by histological evaluation and TUNEL assay respectively. In results, a damaged morphology of oocytes was detected among groups and the rate was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in vitrification group (25.8%) than freezing control group (67.7%), while fresh control group (6.6%) showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower than both groups. In addition, cryoinjury that form a wave pattern of tissues around follicles was found in the frozen control group, but not in the fresh control group as well as in the vitrification group. Apoptotic cells in follicle was observed only in freezing control group while no apoptotic cell was found in both fresh control and vitrification. Similarly, apoptotic patterns of tissues not in follicle were comparable between fresh control and vitrification groups while freezing control group showed increased tendency. Conclusively, it was confirmed that vitrification method has a prevention effect against cryoinjury and this method could be an alternative approach for cryopreservation of genetic material in pigs. Further study is needed to examine the viability of oocytes derived from vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue.

• Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2022

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Beet (Beta vulgaris) is a plant that is widely used in many countries and has various biological activities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of a B. vulgaris mixture (BM). In the in vitro evaluation, we measured the inhibitory activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, performed the oral starch tolerance test (OATT) and oral sucrose tolerance test (OSTT) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and evaluated the clinical symptoms, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), number of blood cells, and insulin resistance in db/db mice. BM showed an inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity and decreased the blood glucose increased in the OATT and OSTT. In the diabetes mouse model, BM alleviated the general symptoms of diabetes and OGTT results showed a decrease in the increased blood sugar level. Regarding diabetes-related tissue weight, BM decreased the reduced pancreatic weight and showed an effect on diabetes-related factors of blood. Histological analysis indicated that BM decreased insulin concentration, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion ability in serum, and increased insulin concentration in the islets of Langerhans. These results demonstrate that BM has an antidiabetic effect through the regulation of glycolytic enzymes and β cell activity in the pancreas.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2008

Objective: This is to report the efficacy of the sandwich technique for bone augmentation in a moderate atrophic posterior mandible through clinical and histological results in two cases. Subjects and Method: Two patients selected had moderate bone resorption in left lower edentulous area. Sandwich osteotomy using the piezosurgery was performed and the osteomized alveolar segments were elevated by 6mm in each two patients. The interpositional mineral allograft materials were inserted in the atrophic posterior mandibles. After four months healing period, bone biopsies in the grafted areas and placement of dental implants were performed. In both cases, panoramic views were taken preoperatively to measure the alveolar bone height for diagnosis, to monitor patient healing, and to evaluate bone healing and bone gain. Results: Sufficient vertical bone height was gained by using the sandwich technique and implants were placed successfully. In radiological evaluation, there was minimal resorption of bone height after the second operation and in histomorphometric evaluation, they showed favorable new bone formation without inflammation in the grafted areas. Conclusion: The sandwich technique can be an effective choice for augmenting vertical bone height in the atrophic mandible. More of cases and long term follow-up are needed to evaluate bone resorption and implant prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7385-7390
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• 2015

Background: Transthoracic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and core needle biopsy (CNB) are two commonly used approaches for the diagnosis of suspected neoplastic intrathoracic lesions. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology and concurrent CNB in the evaluation of intrathoracic lesions. Materials and Methods: We studied FNA cytology and concurrent CNB specimens of 127 patients retrospectively, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry, and, on certain occasions cytochemistry. Information regarding additional tissue tests was derived from the electronic archives of the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine as well as patient records. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated for each test. Results: Of 127 cases, 22 were inconclusive and excluded from the study. The remaining 105 were categorized into 73 (69.5%) malignant lesions and 32 (30.5%) benign lesions. FNA and CNB findings were in complete agreement in 63 cases (60%). The accuracy and confidence intervals (CIs) of FNA and CNB for malignant tumors were 86.3% (CI: 79.3-90.7) and 93.2% (CI: 87.3-96.0) respectively. For epithelial malignant neoplasms, a definitive diagnosis was made in 44.8% of cases by FNA and 80.6% by CNB. The diagnostic accuracy of CNB for nonepithelial malignant neoplasms was 83.3% compared with 50% for FNA. Of the 32 benign cases, we made specific diagnoses in 16 with diagnostic accuracy of 81.3% and 6.3% for CNB and FNA, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that FNA is comparable to CNB in the diagnosis of malignant epithelial lesions whereas diagnostic accuracy of CNB for nonepithlial malignant neoplasms is superior to that for FNA. Further, for histological typing of tumors and examining tumor origin, immunohistochemical work up plays an important role.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3963-3967
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• 2013

Background: The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be identified by immunohistochemistry for detection of EBV latent membrane protein (LMP). The role of EBV as an etiologic agent in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been supported by detection of high levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) expression in tumors. However, no study has been conducted in a Pakistani population up till now to determine the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus positivity. The objective of our study was to determine a value for non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients using EBV LMP-1 immunostaining in our institution. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Pakistan from December 2011 to December 2012. It was a cross sectional study. A total of 71 patients who were diagnosed with various subtypes of NHL after histological and EBV LMP-1 immunohistochemical evaluation were studied. Sampling technique was non-probability purposive. Statistical analysis was achieved using SPSS version 17.0. Mean and SD were calculated for quantitative variables like patient age. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like subgroup of NHL, results outcome of IHC for EBV and gender distribution. Results: Mean age of the patients was $53.6{\pm}16$ years (Mean${\pm}$SD). A total of 50 (70.4%) were male and 21 (29.6%) were female. Some 9 (12.7%) out of 71 cases were positive for EBV-LMP-1 immunostaining, 2 (22.2%) follicular lymphoma cases, 1 (11.1%) case of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, 4 (44.4%) cases of diffuse large B cell lymphomas, 1 (11.1%) mantle cell lymphoma and 1 (11.1%) angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma case. Conclusion: In our study, frequency of EBV in NHL is 12.7% and is mostly seen in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. This requires further evaluation to find out whether this positivity is due to co-infection or has a role in pathogenesis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2010

To evaluate of oral toxicity of Epimedium koreanum nakai (EKN) water extract, three doses of EKN water extract (10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg/day) were administered to healthy Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. The results showed that there are no abnormal signs during the experimental period. The weights of testis and epididymis were increased dose-dependently, but seminal vesicle was decreased compared with control group. In hematology and serum chemistry, changes were observed within the normal ranges. In histological finding, slight to moderated changes were found but those were commonly or rarely encountered in the normal rats. These results suggest that no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the oral application of EKN was considered to be more than 1000 mg/kg in SD rats under the conditions employed in this study.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.377-392
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• 2004

The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effect of autogenous bone with histological evaluation of regenerated bone after sinus elevation. The study involved genaral healthy 6 patients participated in this study and were treated with 2-stage sinus elevation procedures using a combination of demineralized freezed-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and coralline calcium carbonate with or without autogenous bone. At 6months after sinus elevation, bone specimens were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Autogenous bone grafts present trabecular patterns at 6 months in test groups, consist of woven bone and lamellar bone, but more compact than control groups. 2. Resorption of bone graft particles, osteoblast-like cells, newly formed osteoid tissue were observed at 6 months in test groups, but seems to be more frequently than control groups. 3. New osteoid tissue was formed from the surface of graft materials and gradually expanded around them. 4. The appearance of connective tissue around graft materials was densely formed, but more prominent in test groups than control groups. 5. Bone graft particles were resorbed incompletely and slight inflammatory infiltrate, newly formed capillaries, and adipocytes were observed. From the above results, autogenous bone is effective in bone regeneration after sinus elevation, could provide favorable conditions in implant placement.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

Purpose: This study analyzed the effects of digastric muscle injury on mandibular growth in young rats. Methods: Fourteen 4-week-old Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups; experimental group A (n=6) with unilateral (right) shortening of the posterior digastric muscle, experimental group B (n=6) with bilateral shortening of the posterior digastric muscles, and control group C (n=2) who underwent a sham operation. Eight weeks after the operation all animals were sacrificed and the outcomes were compared using body weight evaluation, mensurations on lateral radiograph of hemimandibles and histological evaluation. Results: There was no significant difference between groups A and B in body weight gain. Comparison of the mean values of hemimandible distance on radiograph was performed. The difference in group mean value of mandible-related distances was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (rank sum test) and a comparison of the homonymous distances of group A and B was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. There were differences between sides in mandibular length in group B and mandibular ramus height and transverse width of the condyle in group A (all, p<0.05). There were differences in condylar height and mandibular length on the left side between groups A and B (p<0.05). Histologic examination of temporomandibular joint showed similar findings in all specimens. Conclusions: Injury of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle during the rat growth period induced shortening of mandibular ramus height and transverse width of the condyle. It can be inferred that trauma to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle affects horizontal and vertical growth of the mandible.