• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of our experimental study was to analysis the advantages and disadvantages in the reversible and irreversible cerebral ischemic models with rats by staining with Neutral Red(NR) solusion, 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) and Hematoxylin & Eosin(H & E). Methods : We have measured the range of cerebral infarction in the rat to get a suitable ischemic model along the object of study with and without craniectomy. With craniectomy, 9 rats were sacrificed for irreversible cerebral ischemic model by means of ligation at proximal(group I) and distal(group II), and coagulation at proximal(group III) middle cerebral artery. Also, 6 rats were sacrificed for irreversible(group IV) and reversible(group V) cerebral ischemic model using nylon thread without craniectomy. The sizes of infarction were measured by staining the coronal sections of the brain with NR solusion, TTC and H & E. Results : There are no difference of physiological parameters comparing the each group. Cerebral infarction was not observed in group II, but it's volume was largest in group IV. Disadvantages of craniectomy group(I, II, III) are the long duration of operation and cortical damage by procedure. It's advantage is confirmation of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and cessation of blood flow through the operative microscope. In case of ischemic models using nylon thread (group IV, V), it is hard to identify the interruption or recirculation of blood flow through the middle cerebral artery, but the advantage is the simplicity of operative technique which reduces the operation time and minimizes the cerebral damage due to craniectomy. Therefore, it seems important to set up the reversible and irreversible ischemic models by carefully considering advantages and disadvantages listed above. Conclusion : TTC staining seems to be effective since it reflects the histological damage sufficiently and quickly. It is hoped that researches focused on ischemic penumbra, which became popular recently, will be further carried on with use of NR staining, optical microscope and electron microscope.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the antithrombotic effects of the four herbal ingredients (Mume Fructus, MF; Santali Albi Lignum, SAL; Amomi Tsao-Ko Fructus, ATF; and Amomi Fructus, AF) of modified Jeho-tang (MJHT) in a ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$)-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model. Methods: Thirty minutes prior to a 35% $FeCl_3$ application, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with saline, MF, SAL, ATF or AF (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), respectively. The effect of the MJHT ingredients was examined for time to occlusion (TTO) and thrombus weight (TW) in a $FeCl_3$-induced thrombosis model. Histological analysis was performed to examine the effect of the MJHT ingredients on collagen fiber damage using hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Results: Compared with vehicle treatment, MF, SAL and ATF treatment delayed TTO (vehicle, $8.11{\pm}0.60$ min; MF, $16.67{\pm}1.03$ min; SAL, $17.50{\pm}1.52$ min and ATF, $13.33{\pm}1.21$ min; P < 0.001) and inhibited thrombus formation (vehicle, $0.79{\pm}0.03$ mg/mm; MF, $0.61{\pm}0.07$ mg/mm; SAL, $0.57{\pm}0.03$ mg/mm and ATF, $0.72{\pm}0.02$ mg/mm; P < 0.001). In addition, each herbal ingredient of MJHT except for AF prevented the collagen fiber damage induced by a 35% $FeCl_3$ application. These results indicate that the MJHT ingredients MF ${\geq}$ SAL ${\geq}$ ATF ${\geq}$ AF possess antithrombotic activity in a $FeCl_3$-induced carotid arterial thrombosis. Conclusions: Altogether, these results are the first evidence that the MJHT ingredients MF, SAL and ATF have the ability to prevent vascular damage and thrombus formation in $FeCl_3$-induced carotid arterial thrombosis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.679-683
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• 2006

저 용량 Streptozotocin(STZ)으로 유도한 제l형 당뇨 모델 생쥐에서 건조 구아바 잎과 발효 구아바 잎 에탄올 추출물의 혈당에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. STZ로 유도된 쥐에서 발효 구아바 잎 추출물(500 mg/kg/day)은 투여 4주후에도 공복 혈당이 유의적으로 감소하였으며 내당능 장애도 개선되었음을 보여 주었다. 한편 건조 구아바 잎 추출물은 투여 후 2주 동안 공복 혈당이 낮게 나타났으며 내당능 장애도 개선되었지만 3주후부터 고혈당으로 약화되었다. 각 실험군에서 적출한 췌장 조직과 인슐린의 면역 조직 화학 분석 결과, 발효 구아바 잎 추출물은 STZ로 유도된 췌장섬 세포의 손상을 억제하는 것이 관찰되었으나 건조 구아바 잎 추출물은 베타 세포의 손상에 영향을 주지 못하였다. 본 연구 결과는 STZ로 유도된 당뇨 모델 생쥐에서 발효 구아바 잎 추출물이 췌장 베타 세포의 손상을 보호함으로서 혈당 개선 효과를 나타냄을 보여준다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7389-7394
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• 2014

Background: Chemotherapy is one of the major means for control of malignancies, with cisplatin (CDDP) as one of the main agents, widely used for the treatment of various malignant solid tumors. However, prevention of hepatotoxicity from cisplatin is one of the urgent issues in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pu-erh tea on hepatotoxicity through body weight and tissue antioxidant parameters like, liver coefficient, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and light microscopic evaluation by histological findings. Materials and Methods: The rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control (n=10), cisplatin (3 mg/kg p.i., n=10), cisplatin+pu-erh (0.32 g/kg/day i.g., n=10), cisplatin+pu-erh (0.8 g/kg/day i.g., n=10) and cisplatin+pu-erh (1.6 g/kg/day i.g., n=10). Pu-erh tea powder was administrated for 31 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed at the end on the second day after a single dose of cisplatin treatment for measuring indices. Results: Pu-erh tea powder exhibited a protective effect by decreasing MDA and GSH and increasing the SOD and GSH-PX levels and GSH-PX/MDA ratio in camparison with the control group. Besides, pu-erh tea was also able to alleviate the pathological damage to some extent. Conclusion: Pu-erh tea powder is protective against cisplatin-induced liver oxidative damages, especially at the medium dosage (0.8 g/kg/d).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.200-218
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) on DMN-induced liver damage by applying proteomics. Materials and Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment and were divided into the normal group (normal saline), the control group (DMN) and the sample group (DMN+IJCGT). DMN was injected i.p. once a day three times a week for 3 weeks in the control group. Normal saline instead of DMN was administered to the normal group. In the sample group, Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) extract was orally administered once a day for 10 days after DMN was induced. The livers of each group were processed and analyzed by histology, Western blot, $Oxyblot^{TM}$, CBB and 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Results : In the histological findings of the liver, IJCGT reduced collagen deposition and liver damage in DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis. IJCGT increased MMP-13 protein production assessed by western blot. Protein oxidation induced by DMN treatment was decreased by IJCGT. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, the level of the increased proteins induced by DMN treatment such as GRP 75, 58kDa glucose regulated protein and heat shock 70kDa protein 5 were decreased by IJCGT. IJCGT was considered to have the protective effects on hepatotoxicity induced by DMN. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, the level of increased oxidized proteins such as heat shock 70 protein, mitochondrial malonyltransferase, calreticulin precursor, actin, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 11 were decreased by IJCGT. IJCGT was considered to have protective effect on the protein production induced by DMN treatment. Conclusion : Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) exerts an inhibitory effect against the fibrosis and protein oxidation induced by DMN treatment in the rat liver. IJCGT was considered to have protective effects on the hepatotoxicity and protein production induced by DMN treatment.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.486-497
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• 2015

Objectives Hataedock is an orally administered herbal extract treatment for newborn babies that dispels toxic heat and meconium gathered by the fetus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Hataedock alleviates inflammatory skin damage in AD (Atopic Dermatitis)-induced NC/Nga mice through regulating and maintaining the skin barrier and anti-inflammation effects.Methods We established an AD model in three-week-old NC/Nga mice through the repeated application of DNFB (dinitrochlorobenzene) on days 28, 35, and 42 after Hataedock treatment was orally administered. We identified changes in the skin barrier and anti-inflammation effects through the histological and immunohistochemical changes of TNF- α, NF-κB p65, iNOS, COX-2, and apoptotic bodies.Results Skin damage and angiogenesis were mitigated in the HT (Hataedock) group. Damage to the intercellular space of the stratum corneum as well as hyperplasia, edema, the infiltration of lymphocytes, and the increase of capillaries decreased in the HT group. Our results suggest that Hataedock treatment significantly down-regulated levels of TNF- α by 38% (p<0.001) and of NF-κB p65 by 70% (p<0.001). But Hataedock up-regulated apoptosis by 183% in dermatitis-induced skin.Conclusions These results suggest that Hataedock alleviates AD through diminishing the various inflammatory cytokines in skin lesions that are involved in the initial steps of AD development. It might have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.127-145
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Daeganghwal-tang on knee cartilage in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : Forty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=8/group): normal group was SD rats group injected with normal saline at left knee joint and administrated orally distilled water, control group was MIA-induced osteoarthritis SD rats group administrated orally distilled water, Indomethacin group was MIA-induced osteoarthritis SD rats group administrated orally indomethacin 2 mg/kg, DGHT(L) group was MIA-induced osteoarthritis SD rats group administrated orally 1280 mg/kg of Daeganghwal-tang, and DGHT(H) group was MIA-induced osteoarthritis SD rats group administrated orally 2560 mg/kg of Daeganghwal-tang. After orally administration of drugs for 4 weeks, gross appearance and histological analysis were used to evaluate the degree of knee cartilage damage. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines, bone degrade factor and bone defence factors were analyzed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection effects of Daeganghwal-tang. Also, hematological test, biochemical test, and liver and kidney tissue were analyzed to determine the safety of Daeganghwal-tang. Results : Daeganghwal-tang inhibited the damage of the knee cartilage, and significantly prevented the reduction in cartilage thickness. In addition, the pro-inflammatory cytokines and the bone degrade factor significantly decreased, and the bone defence factors significantly increased. In the safety assessment of Daeganghwal-tang, there were no significant differences among the experimental groups and no abnormal findings were observed. Conclusions : Daeganghwal-tang has anti-inflammatory effect, inhibits cartilage damage, and protects cartilage in MIA-induced osteoarthritis rats.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2022

Objectives : This study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of Nardotidis seu Sulculii Concha water extract (NSCE) against restraint-induced stress. Methods : In vivo, NSCE was orally administered to male white mice at concentrations of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 3 days, and then restraint-induced stress was induced for 6 hours. The level of liver damage was measured by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The stress-related hormones such as cortisol and corticosterone were measured by ELISA assay. Also, western blot analysis was performed to detect expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins. Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the liver tissue, and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to examine liver inflammation through macrophage infiltration. Results : The AST, ALT, LDH and the stress related hormones such as cortisol and corticosterone were significantly decreased in the NSCE treated group compared with stress group. In histological analysis, H&E staining of liver tissues did not detect the hepatic injury or damage in all groups. As a result of IHC staining, it was confirmed that infiltration of macrophages was increased in the stress-induced group, but decreased in the group treated with NSCE. The COX-2 and MAPK proteins expression was significantly increased by restraint-induced stress, but these proteins were decreased in the NSCE treated group. Conclusions : These results suggest that NSCE has the anti-inflammatory activity in restraint-induced stress model, and it is believed that NSCE can be used for the prevention of liver inflammation.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 방사능 테러 상황에서 경찰특공대 대테러요원의 방사선 손상을 최소화할 수 있는 방사선 방호제 개발을 위하여 셀레늄과 아르기닌 혼합물의 방사선 방호효과를 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 72 마리의 수컷 SD rat을 일반군(NC Group), 셀레늄과 아르기닌 혼합물 투여군(SeAr Group), 방사선 노출군(IR Group), 셀레늄과 아르기닌 혼합물 투여 후 방사선 노출군(SeAr+IR Group)의 4개 군으로 분류하였다. 방사선은 7 Gy 엑스선을 전신에 노출하였고, 셀레늄과 아르기닌은 각각 1일 1회 3 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg이 흡수되도록 혼합하여 14일간 경구 투여였다. 방사선 노출 후 1일, 7일, 21일차에 혈액학적 분석과 조직학적 분석을 수행하였다. 혈액학적 분석에서는 IR Group에 비하여 SeAr+IR Group에서 방사선 노출 후 1일차에 림프구(p<0.05)에서, 7일차에 혈소판(p<0.01)에서, 21일차에 적혈구(p<0.01)에서 유의한 방사선 방호가 나타났다. 조직학적 분석에는 IR Group에 비하여 SeAr+IR Group에서 방사선 노출 7일차에 소장에서 소장움 세포의 경계가 적게 무너지고 소장움의 길이가 비교적 회복된 것이 관찰되었고, 21일차에 전립선에서 세포수와 세포벽의 두께가 더 양호한 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 셀레늄과 아르기닌 혼합물은 방사선 노출에 따른 혈액 및 조직에 대한 방사선 방호효과가 있는 것으로 판단되며 경찰특공대 대테러요원의 방사선 손상 감소를 위한 방사선 방호제 연구에 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2024

본 연구는 어성초, 자소엽, 녹차 혼합 추출물이 천연 방사선 방호제로 SD Rat의 전립선, 소장, 간에 방사선 방호 효과를 확인했다. 어성초, 자소엽, 녹차는 각각 전립선, 소장, 간에 항산화 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 어성초, 자소엽, 녹차 혼합 추출물의 방사선 방호 효과를 확인하기 위해 SD Rat에 감마선 8 Gy를 조사하였다. 방사선 조사 후 전립선, 소장, 간의 조직학적 분석을 진행하였다. 전립선의 경우 투여 조사군 (HPC+IR Group)이 조사군 (IR Group)에 비해 방사선에 의한 전립선 손상이 적고 회복도 더 잘 됐다. 투여 조사군의 전립선 면적이 조사군보다 1일, 7일에 11.48 %p, 24.54 %p 높은 수치를 통해 확인하였다. 소장의 경우 투여 조사군이 조사군에 비해 방사선에 의한 소장 손상이 적고 회복도 더 잘 되었다. 투여 조사군의 소장 융모의 길이가 조사군 보다 1일, 7일에 23.73 %p, 24.27 %p 높은 수치를 통해 확인하였다. 간의 경우 투여 조사군이 조사군에 비해 방사선에 의한 간 손상이 적고 회복이 더 잘 됐다. 이는 간문맥과 주변 세포를 통해 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 혼합 추출물을 이용한 천연 방사선 방호제의 연구에 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.