• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent arthritis that weakens the muscles. This study focused on evaluating muscular functionality of knee osteoarthritis subjects. Muscular strengths of muscles around knee and hip joints of middle-aged female subjects aged over 40 suffering from knee osteoarthritis were evaluated by isokinetic dynanometer. Also, relation between the observed muscle imbalance in knee and hip joints and visual analogue scale was investigated. Subjects performed 8-weeks exercise on weakened muscles - particularly on knee extensors and hip abductors - and had their isokinetic muscular functionalities analyzed again. After the 8-weeks exercise, subjects' thigh circumferences were increased, accompanied with muscular strength improvements and decrease in visual analogue scale. Hence we emphasize the importance of exercise for muscular strength enhancement of knee extensors and hip abductors, in rehabilitation programs for knee osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.853-872
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• 2023

This study analyzed the body shape of adult women aged 20 to 59 with a waist and hip circumference difference of 22.00 cm or more to characterize the lower body shape of women with slender waist. The researchers analyzed the data using SPSS 26.0. Among the lower body measurements of women with slender waists, the waist circumference was 70.79 cm and the hip circumference was 95.25 cm, with a difference of 24.56 cm between the waist and hip circumferences. We categorized the components of a slender waist body type into four factors: lower body horizontal, lower body vertical, lower calf horizontal, and hip and crotch length. We categorized women with slender waists into four body types: slender long crane legs, short thick lamb legs, short thin ladder legs, and thick long pole legs. In their twenties, many people have slender, long-legged lower body, but as they age, they are more likely to have thicker lower bodies and short, thin ankles. Body types with slender waist had larger proportions of abdominal and hip dimensions in the width, circumference, and thickness categories based on waist dimensions than those with average or thick waists.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1150-1162
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• 2011

Considering the fact that the fit for men's clothes is important for the sizing system modern ready-made pants, an analysis of obese middle-aged men is required at this period of time to determine the appropriate fit for obese men. The following research focused on 635 middle-aged obese men who had a BMI index of at least 25 and a waist circumference from the belly-button level of 34 inches or more. This research deals with the articles of circumference, thickness and other major physical changes that happen during the 30s, 40s, and 50s. According to the analysis of these body measurement articles with specific regard to age, men's height and the height of their waist seemed to decrease as their age increased. This demonstrates that as these men grow older, the waist and stomach slowly curved into a circular and flat body type due to their obesity. In this study, the first factor figure was the height and leg length. The second factor figure was the waist form. The third factor figure was the center thigh circumference. The fourth and fifth factor figures were the hip length and shape. Lastly, the sixth factor figure was the calf circumference. These 6 factor figures construct 80.57% of the volume explanation and showed 3 patterns through a cluster analysis that showed different patterns of obesity forms for waist circumferences in key figure 1, waist and thigh circumferences in key figure 2, and waist and buttocks circumferences. Therefore, it was worthwhile to consider the circumferences of the waist, buttocks and thigh according to the body type category to enhance the drafting of well-fitting pants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.230-243
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the body sizes of $7{\sim}12$ years elementary school girls and also to categorize KS size dimensions by the detailed information of ages and body shapes. For the study, the data of SizeKorea(2004) was analysed. Height, bust, waist, hip, the ratio of waist to height and hip to height were significant between age groups, but the ratio of bust to height was not. Therefore, the increase of bust size was resulted in growth of bust circumference, instead of bust volume. In the same height group, over 11 year girls had smaller waist, while over 12 year girls had bigger hip. For Grouping girls by ages and body shapes, the ages were divided into 2 groups, under 10 years old and 11 to 12 years old. The body shapes classified into 3 groups 'Stout-shape', 'Middle-shape', and 'slim-shape', by the ratios of bust to height and hip to height. 'Stout-shape' was significantly big at the almost sizes, but 'Middle-shape' was significantly big at only circumferences, not lengths. In addition, drop(the difference between bust and hip) and lower-drop(the difference between waist and hip) were in inverse proportion to the ratios of bust to height and hip to height. It meant the increases of bust-ratio and hip-ratio of 'Stout-shape' were resulted in overweight, rather than female matureness. The distribution of sizes over 0.5% were grouped for grading system and the subtotal percentiles of each group were calculated for industrial data. The groups which covered more than 10% of consumers were 2 to 6 and the 1 or 2 groups for 'Stout-shape' were also observed, so that children's ready-to wear companies could use them efficiently for their own consumer target.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of blood glucose and lactate and also plasma LDH production of college women in relation to exercise. College female student which majored athletics (E, exercise group, n=43) were recruited and compared with college women (Control group, n=60). Anthropometric measurements, triceps skinfold thickness were measured of two groups. And body fat mass and waist and hip circumferences were measured and the concentrations of plasma glucose, lactic acid and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assayed. Average height and weight of E group were slightly higher than that of control group. but there is no difference in body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) between two groups. The percentage of body fat and body fat mass(kg) in E group was slightly lower than that of control group. Plasma glucose and LDH levels of E group were higher than those of control group, and plasma lactic acid concentration was significantly increased.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

This study was done to investigate the association of blood clinical parameters and dietary intakes with serum adiponectin level. Athropometric measurement, dietary intakes, serum lipids and adiponectin levels were examined in 160 overweight and obese women. The subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin level. Weight, BMI, waist circumferences and waist/hip ratio of the highest quintile group were significantly lower than those of the lowest quintile group. Serum lipid analysis showed a significant higher level of TG, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio, AI, and serum hs-CRP in the lowest quintile group. Similarly, correlation data also showed that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.01), waist circumferences (p < 0.01), waist/hip ratio (p<0.01), systolic (p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), TG (p < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.05), AI (p < 0.01), Homa-IR (p < 0.01), hs-CRP (p < 0.05) and leptin (p < 0.05). Dietary intake data showed that protein intake was significantly lower in the highest quintile group compared to the lower quintile groups while intakes of vitamin C was significantly higher in highest quintile group after adjustment by BMI, waist and energy intake, In addition, the highest quintile group had higher fiber intakes than the lower quintile groups. These results might suggest that a diet high in fiber and vitamin C and low in protein for obese patients would better be recommended to improve adiponectin level. However, further research is needed to elucidate the association of dietary intakes or dietary patterns and serum adiponectin level.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate current garment sizes of women's formal jackets, targeting plus-size women in online shopping malls, and to identify effective size information involved in online apparel purchase behaviors to overcome the short comings of current garment sizes from the perspectives of consumers. Basic 88 size formal jackets from the seven companies found on the 22 websites were collected and analyzed. The data were collected from March to October 2007, and analyzed using SPSS 14.0. The results were summarized as follows. First, there was no website using standard garment size labeling with 'bust-hip-height' set up by KS K 0051 among the 22 websites. Instead, all 22 websites used garment size labeling with figures such as 88, 99, 100, 110, and 120 or with letters such as L, XL, and XXL. The websites presented no body size, but listed garment size. Furthermore, the size information was presented differently, ranging from three items of bust circumference, upper arm length, and jacket length to six items of shoulder width, bust circumference, waist circumference, sleeve width, sleeve length, and jacket length. In addition, no website presented basic information for hip circumference, despite the jacket length covering the hips. Second, a total of 85.7% the websites listed bust circumferences in 88 garment sizes collected as 100cm. Shoulder widths were presented as 39cm or 37cm. Sleeve circumferences were addressed the same, 36cm, in all websites. Third, comparing the differences between guidance sizes and measurement sizes, only 28.5% of the web sites posted guidance sizes of shoulder widths the same as those of the measurement sizes. All web sites presented guidance sizes of bust circumstances as 1 to 5cm smaller than those of the measurement sizes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.755-764
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• 2013

This study intends to use the basic patterns in 3oz bodice and 2oz sleeve padded jackets made for women in their 20s to research the proper ease of 2oz bodice and 2oz sleeve, 4oz bodice and 3oz sleeve padded jackets. The study also proposes a method of designing padded jacket patterns according to padding thickness. The results of this study are as follows: The 2oz bodice and 2oz sleeve padded jackets had the following sizes. The front and back bust, waist, and hip circumferences were calculated as B/4+2.5cm and B/4+3cm, W/4+2.6+3.3(D)cm and W/4+1.5+2.6(D)cm, and H/4+2.8cm and H/4+3cm, respectively. The length of the jacket was 62.4cm, and the sleeve length was calculated as 63.4cm. For the 4oz bodice and 3oz sleeve padded jackets, the front and back bust, waist, and hip circumferences were calculated as B/4+4cm and B/4+4cm, W/4+4.1+3(D)cm and W/4+2.5+3.6(D)cm, and H/4+4.3cm and H/4+4cm, respectively. The length of the jacket was 63.2cm, and the sleeve length was calculated as 64.2cm. The results of this study showed that padded jackets with thicker padding need more ease. For jackets with stitches, the decreased lengths must be added in the pattern length. The 2oz bodice and 2oz sleeve, 4oz bodice and 3oz sleeve padded jackets all scored 4 points or higher in the movement functionality assessment, thus showing outstanding movement functionality.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 1995

The purpose of the study was to provide good fitting of ready-to-wear pants for adult women. To pursue this purpose, the anthropometric data of Korean in 1992 (ADaM(R) 1.0) were analyze. The subjects were 1,580 women aged from 18 to 50 years. The body measurements of six age groups were compared. The results of data analysis showed that the height measurements( waist height, trochanter height, glutial height, perinneum height) of the late 40's were about 3cm shorter than those of the early 20's. The waist circumference of old subject group was 14.1cm larger than those of the young subject group. With rapid growing of waist circumference, the difference of hip and waist circumference was getting smaller with aging. The average difference between hip and waist circumferences of young adult group (18 to 24 yrs) was 24.3cm (SD 3.6cm) and the meaurement of old adult group (45 to 50 yrs) was 15.0cm (SD 5.6cm). The size of the women's pants which were manufactured by the top 50 manufacturers in Korea were compared. The difference between hip circumference and waist circumference listed on the size tag ranged from 12cm to 32cm. The body measurements of subjects and the standard size categories for pants were compared. The results showed that larger size categorise needed to be added to give better fits for older adult group.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence on the weight control diet experience of the female nursing students in an university. Method: The data were collected by measuring weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, and body satisfaction. The subjects of this research were 119 nursing students of K University in Kangwondo. And the mean age of the subjects was 20.38. Result: 67.7% of subjects had an weight control diet experience. The mean BMI of the subjects was $21.39\;kg/m^2$. There were lower BMI and higher waist/hip ratio in the weight control diet experience group. There were significant correlations between body satisfaction and BMI, waist/ hip ratio. The factor that influenced significantly on weight control diet experience was BMI. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an educational program for reducing the risk factors due to an inadequate weight control diet for female nursing students in university.