• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1282-1290
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• 2010

The study was carried out to assess the developmental abnormalities induced by Cytotec in mice during intrauterine life. Pregnant mice were exposed to a single dose of 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and $0.1{\mu}g$/g BW on day 8 of gestation. Fetuses were recovered on day 18 of gestation. These fetuses were subjected to morphological and morphometric studies. Morphological studies showed abnormalities like anophthalmia, microophthalmia, micromelia and syndactyly. In addition to these, resorptions were also encountered in the higher dose groups. Morphometric analysis showed an overall reduction in body weight, crown rump length, brain and eye circumference, pinna and snout size, length of fore and hind limb and tail size with a significant difference (p<0.001) compared to controls. The outcomes of histological studies revealed some brain defects like hydrocephaly, enlarged third ventricle and undifferentiated ectoneural cells and abnormalities of the heart included right auricle thrombosis and degeneration of trabecular zone.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.455-458
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• 2001

A twelve-month old female, shih-tzu, was presented to diagnose a hind limb ataxia to the Animal Teaching Hospital, Gyeongsang National University. Even though a variety of physical and neurological examination was performed, the cause of the ataxia was not understood. In serum analysis, an elevated levels of ALT, $\gamma$-GTP and LDH were found. A gallstone was subsequently observed at the right 9 and 10th intercostal region on ultrasonography and radiography. Cholelithiasis was diagnosed, and then cholecystotomy was undertaken. No complications were occurred after the operation. The gallstone removed by cholecystotomy was composed of calcium, carbonate and oxalate, identified by a black pigment gallstone.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 1990

In order to know the incidence of foot rot in herds and slaughter houses, a total of 3,665 cattles were examined the incidence rate, vaccination. and drug susceptibllity the during the period from June to Novemer 1989. Eighty nine (2.42%) of'3,665 cattles were affected by the foot rot. and the highest incidence was observed on July and August. The foot rot was affected more frequently in hind limbs than frort limbs. In the vaccinated cattles of non affected herds, the disease was not occurred after-wards. Affected cattles which were treated with saturated picric acid gave more effective than those with 10% cupuric acid or 5％ formalin in comarative treatment test.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.126-128
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• 2019

A 5-year-old male Labrador Retriever that lived outdoors was presented to the animal hospital with a right hind limb lameness. The lameness had been present for more than 10 days, and there was a severe swelling of the right stifle joint. The dog underwent physical, laboratory, and radiographic examinations. As a result, the dog was diagnosed with infectious monoarthropathy secondary to granulocytic ehrlichiosis. The dog received medication for the rickettsial arthritis and surgical treatment for reconstruction of the soft tissue damage caused by the infection. After treatment, the function of the dog's leg was recovered. This report describes a case of atypical monoarthropathy caused by ehrlichiosis in a dog.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.805-817
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• 2009

This study was to investigate central localization of neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints(Wijung, $BL_{40}$) and neurons of immunoreactive to hormones and hormone receptors regulating urinary bladder function by using peudorabies virus(PRV). In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used in rats to trace central localization of urinary bladder-related neurons and urinary bladder-related acupoints($BL_{40}$) which can regulate urinary system. PRV was injected into the urinary bladder and acupoints($BL_{40}$) related urinary system. After six days survival of rats, mainly common labeled neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were identified in spinal cord, medulla, pons and diencephalon by PRV immunohistochemical staining method. First-order PRV labeled neurons projecting to urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled preganglionic neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in the lateral horn area(sacral parasympathetic nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus), lamina V-X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting to urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$) was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus of tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, Barrington's nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the paraventricular nucleus and a few ones were in the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median eminence, perifornical nucleus, periventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the frontal cortex, 1,2 area, hind limb area, agranular insular cortex. Immunoreactive neurons to Corticotropin releasiing factor(CRF), Corticotropin releasiing factor-receptor(CRF-R), c-fos and serotonin were a part of labeled areas among the virus-labeled neurons of urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$). The commonly labeled areas were nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), locus coeruleus, A5 cell group, Barrington,s nucleus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, frontal cortex 1, 2 area, hind limb, and perirhinal(agranular insular) cortex. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of urinary bladder-relate organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints. These commonly labeled areas often overlap with the neurons connected with hormones and hormone receptors related to urination.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study attempted to reveal the effects of Morindae Radix extracts on the sciatic nerve neurectomized osteoporotic ddy mice model. Methods : Thickness of hind limbs and their differences, absolute and relative tibia weight and thickness, bone failure load, bone mineral density (BMD), histomorphometrical index, serum osteocalcin level, tibia calcium and phosphorus contents were monitored. Results : In sciatic neurectomized mice, thickness of hind limb, absolute and relative weights, thickness, failure loads, BMD of tibia, trabecular bone volume (TBV), thickness of trabecular bone and cortical bone thickness, length were significantly decreased. However, these changes of those dose-dependently reduced in MR extract-dosing group. Conclusions : it is considered that MR extracts have some favorable effect to prevent, the osteoporosis induced by sciatic neurectomy. However, the exact mechanism and the possibility of MR extract were remains unknown. In addition, the potential toxicity of these MR extracts were also unknown. So the further studies were needed about toxicological and pharmacological aspects.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.408-410
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• 2008

A four months old, 3.6 kg intact female Miniature Dachshund dog was referred for non-weight bearing lameness at right hind limb due to car accident. On physical examination, the patient was non-weight bearing on the right hind leg and had moderate swelling in the proximal to middle tibia region. There was palpable crepitus. Radiographs revealed a slightly displaced, spiral, oblique fracture involving the proximal diaphyseal region of the right tibia. Fibular fracture was also noted. Internal fixation was performed to repair the fracture. Due to bowed shape of fractured tibia, it was not possible to apply K-wire, containing appropriate diameter ($60{\sim}80%$ of bone marrow diameter) for intramedullary fixation. We fixed the bowed tibia fracture using a smaller diameter (30% of bone marrow diameter) K-wire with cross pins and cerclage wires. Four weeks after the operation, radiographs demonstrated healing of the tibia fracture as well as the fibular fracture.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1356-1362
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• 2005

The purpose of this study os to investigative the effect of Carrageenan-Induced Pain on lower limb muscle and ligament of rat. To evaluate pain mechanism in muscle and ligament, pain was induced by the injection of 2% $0.1m{\ell}$ carrageenan into the left lower limb muscle of rats after rats were anesthesized with 3% enflurane. Rats were killed on 72 hours after pain induction under the anesthesia. anterior rectus femoris muscle and its ligament were removed from rat hind limb. Morphological changes of them were peformed by the observation of light and electron microscopes. In the light microscopic findings, the muscle cells were polyheadral and situated with each other without small gap in control group. nucleus of cell was seen along the cell margin, and muscle cell groups were divided by regular narrow gap in cross section. In the pain-induced group, muscle cell groups were divided each other by the irregular gap, and some of groups formed larger than other cell groups by the fusion. Intercellular gap of most cell groups were increased compared with control groups. And also, perimysium of muscle cell groups was swollen in cross section. In control group, muscle cells contacted each other closely and each cell was divided by perimysium. The intracellular gaps were not seen between myofibrills, and also striations were well defined between muscle cells in longitudinal section. In pain-induced group, muscle cells were divided by the small intracellular gaps. And also, muscle cell showed many a short cross or longitudinal intercellular gaps in longitudinal section. In light microscopic findings of control group, tendon was composed with many tendon fibers contacted each other closely without gap. The free margin of tendon was fused, and apso the tendon fibers did not invaded between muscles. In pain-induced group, tendon was divided small groups by intertendinous gap, and also the margin of tendon divided by small groups. In the free margin, tendon invaded into muscle cells, and also fibroblasts between tendon fibers were long and lance-shaped. From these results, it is suggested that pain induction by carrageenan injured rat skeletal muscle and ligament by the morphological changes.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2016

Four dogs were brought to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University (VMTH SNU) with a history of hind limb ataxia, three with pain, one without pain. Three of the four showed weak to absent femoral pulses and cold extremities. Thromboembolism was identified by ultrasonography in the external and/or internal iliac arteries. A thrombolytic agent, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), was administered (0.5-1 mg/kg, every 60-120 min, 3-5 doses). Two dogs (Cases 2 and 3), which were instantly provided rt-PA treatment, survived 6 and 17 months, respectively, although hematemesis and hematochezia were observed during treatment. In the other two dogs (Cases 1 and 4), rt-PA was administered 4 and 28 days after the appearance of pelvic limb symptoms, which may have limited the benefits of the treatment. When rt-PA treatment is instituted instantly and the side effects are monitored thoroughly during treatment, a good prognosis might be expected in canine aortic thromboembolism. For this reason, we suggest that rt-PA treatment should be initiated immediately if thromboembolism is identified.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.463-466
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• 2017

A 3-year-old, 26 kg, castrated male Chow Chow was presented for assessment of weight-bearing lameness of the left hind limb. The patient had a history of triple pelvic osteotomy on the left side to correct hip dysplasia 2 years prior to his presentation of clinical signs and underwent total hip replacement on the right coxofemoral joint 1 year later. Upon physical examination, pain and crepitus were noted on the left hip joint during extension. Radiological examination revealed coxofemoral joint subluxation and moderate degenerative bone changes on the left hip joint and pelvic axis, which relates to acetabular angles that were changed after triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO). Preoperative computed tomography was used for 3-dimensional printing to establish an accurate surgical plan. The changed angles of the acetabulum after TPO were evaluated, and rehearsal surgery was performed using a 3-demensional printing bone model. Three months after the THR surgery, the function of the affected limb had improved, with no lameness. Complications, such as luxation and implant failure, were not observed until 6 months after the operation. Accurate evaluation of acetabulum angles and rehearsal surgery using a 3D-printed bone model is effective for total hip replacement after unsuccessful TPO.