• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 1983

The growth of Korean axolotl., Hynobius leechii, was analyzed in natural water as control group and in six copper ion groups contaminated by 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 ppm of copper ion. The copper ion checks the growth of the axolotl. The axolotl was not survived during 30 days in the copper ion of 0.3ppm, and, in the 0.4ppm the axolotl was not survived during 10 days after hatch. The growth of head width and body length show a convexing increase pattern, while that of hind leg shows a concaving increase pattern. The copper ion checks the development of hind leg. In the growth quantity of head width, body length and hid leg, that of natural water show the most rapid increase pattern, and copper ion groups of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3ppm follow in that order. The coefficient of relative growth($\alpha$) of control group is the greater value, and the copper ion groups of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3ppm follow in that order. The contaminated groups show the negative allometry in the relative growth of the containated groups to the natural water. Body length shows positive allometry, while hind leg shows negative allometry in the relative growth to head width.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

Purpose: We would introduce the reverse superficial sural artery flap to reconstruct soft tissue defect on lower leg, ankle, and hind-foot. Materials and Method: From October 1998 to December 2001, we reconstructed 12cases (l2patients) of soft tissue defect around the hind - foot, ankle, and distal lower extremity with the reverse sural artery flap. Results: The time for flap dissection was 28 minutes in average. The size of the flap was from $4\times3cm$ to $14\times10cm$. All flaps survived. Conclusion: The reverse superficial sural artery flap is the useful technique for the soft tissue defect in the lower leg and the foot.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.139-158
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• 1971

장수허리노린재(Anoplocnemis dallasi Kiritschenko)의 第1齡 幼蟲(50個體)부터 成蟲까지(各 70個體씩)에서 얻은 實測値를 定式化하여 成長 및 相對成長을 分析 觀察한 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. $\circled1$ 成長量 : 口吻이 가장 緩慢한 直線狀 增加를 하고 그 外는 모두 急激한 抛物線狀 增加를 나타내며 體長, 後脚, 中脚, 前脚, 觸角, 前胸背板의 幅, 口吻의 順으로 體長이 가장 急激하게 增加한다. $\circled2$ 成長比 : 口吻의 增加率 3.054倍가 가장 적으며 直線狀 增加를 나타내고 그 外는 모두 抛物線狀 增加를 보이며 前胸背板의 幅의 增加率 8.186倍가 가장 크다. $\circled3$ 各 齡別成長比 : 가장 큰 成長比는 若齡 幼蟲쪽에 있으며 가장 적은 成長比는 老齡 幼蟲쪽에 있다. $\circled4$ 成長率 : 觸角의 그것이 減少되었으며 그 外는 모두 增加되었다. $\circled5$ 比成長率 : 觸角이 가장 急하게 減少되었으며 前脚, 口吻, 後脚, 中脚의 順으로 緩慢해졌고 前胸背板의 幅과 體長은 上昇되다가 減少되었다. $\circled6$ 相對成長係數($\alpha$)는 위의 모든 部位에 對해서 前胸背板의 幅의 그것이 항상 가장 强한 優成長이었고 口吻은 가장 弱한 劣成長이었다. $\circled7$ 對 體長, 對前胸背板의 幅, 對觸角, 對口吻, 對前脚, 對中脚, 對後脚 相對成長에서 各 部分의 相對成長係數($\alpha$)는 同一한 樣式(順序)을 나타낸다. $\circled8$ 相對成長係數 $\alpha$가 增加하면 相對成長 初量 b가 減少하는 傾向을 나타내며 그 逆도 成立한다. $\circled9$ 劣成長일 境遇는 成長中心이 若齡基에 있고 優成長일 境遇는 老齡基에 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.829-838
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• 2007

돼지 뒷다리 부위를 구성하는 소분할 5개 부위의 텀블링 시간에 따른 햄의 품질을 비교하여 기초자료를 제시하고자 텀블링을 0, 1, 2시간 한 후 햄을 제조하여 소분할별 품질차이를 조사한 결과, 뒷다리 소분할 5개 부위 햄의 염도, 제품색 명도(L)는 대조구인 등심부위보다 낮았으며(P<0.05), 특히, 사태부위로 제조한 햄의 명도가 가장 낮았다. 적색도와 황색도는 뒷다리 소분할햄들이 등심햄보다 높았으며, 사태햄의 적색도가 가장 높은 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 부위별 조직감은 텀블링 1시간 처리구에서만 경도, 검성, 씹힘성에서 차이를 보였는데 상대적으로 덩어리가 큰 볼기와 설깃햄의 경도가 높은 경향을 보였다. 관능적 특성 중 제품색의 경우 텀블링 무처리구에서 보섭과 볼기햄이 등심햄에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 돼지 뒷다리 소분할 5개 부위별 품질차이는 일반성분을 제외한 거의 모든 항목에서 차이를 보였다. 하지만 본 시험에서 적용한 텀블링 시간에 따른 차이는 일반성분 함량, pH, 제품색, 조직감, 관능적 특성에 있어 차이가 나타나지 않아 뒷다리 소분할 부위로 비분쇄 훈연햄을 제조할 경우 2시간 텀블링 처리는 품질적인 변화를 볼 수 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 텀블링 시간은 보섭부위의 가열감량에 영향을 미쳐 2시간 텀블링 처리로 가열감량을 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 따라서 돼지 뒷다리 소분할을 이용한 햄을 제조할 경우 제품수율과 품질을 최상으로 만들기 위해서는 각 부위별 육질특성과 제품의 품질특성의 상관성에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 생각되며, 최적의 텀블링 시간을 정하는데 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 보인다. 본 시험결과 2시간 이내의 텀블링으로는 품질향상을 기대하기 어렵기 때문에 시간을 늘리는 등의 추가적 시험이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1998

A fourteen-month-old Holstein bull from a private cattle fattening farm at Ansung county in Kyunggi Province Korea was submitted on August 2nd 1997, for examination at the Pathology Division of the National Veterinary Research Institute. The bull died within 24 hours after developing clinical signs of abrupt inertia, complete anorexia high fever(40.3℃) diffuse severe emphysematous swelling of upper part of the right hind leg lateral recumbancy and paralysis. At necropsy diffuse severe subcutaneous redness and influx of serosanguinous exudate containing gas bubbles had accumulated under the thorax right hip and upper region of right hind leg. Muscles in upper right hind leg were blackish to dark red and yellowish brown in color. Muscle bundles were dry and separated by gas bubbles and serosanguinous fluids and muscles sections from affected regions floated in water. Histopathologically muscle fibers were partially or entirely degenerated fragmented and separated by exudate and gaseous substance mixed with polymorphonuclear cells. Blood vascular walls in affected regions showed severe acute fibrinoid necrosis. Typical large rod-shaped bacteria with or without oval central to subterminal spores were frequently observed in tissue sections stained with H-E and Gram stain. The large Gram-positive anaerobic endospore-producing rods were isolated from the suspension of muscle lesions. Isolated bacteria were identified as Clostridium(CL) chauvoei and CL. sordellii by biochemical tests. This case was diagnosed as blackleg based on the typical clinical signs gross finding histopathological observation and bacteriological results. This is the first case report on blackleg associated with Cl. chauvoei and Cl. sordellii in Holstein cattle in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with nine reproduction and morphological traits in three breed populations of Chinese goats. Methods: The genome-wide association of nine reproduction and morphological traits (litter size, nipple number, wattle, skin color, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were analyzed in three Chinese native goat breeds (n = 336) using an Illumina Goat SNP50 Beadchip. Results: A total of 17 genome-wide or chromosome-wide significant SNPs associated with one reproduction trait (litter size) and six morphological traits (wattle, coat color, black dorsal line, beard, beard length, and hind leg hair) were identified in three Chinese native goat breeds, and the candidate genes were annotated. The significant SNPs and corresponding putative candidate genes for each trait are as follows: two SNPs located on chromosomes 6 (CSN3) and 24 (TCF4) for litter size trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 9 (KATNA1) and 1 (UBASH3A) for wattle trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 26 (SORCS3), 24 (DYM), and 20 (PDE4D) for coat color trait; two SNPs located on chromosome 18 (TCF25) and 15 (CLMP) for black dorsal line trait; four SNPs located on chromosome 8, 2 (PAX3), 5 (PIK3C2G), and 28 (PLA2G12B and OIT3) for beard trait; one SNP located on chromosome 18 (KCNG4) for beard length trait; three SNPs located on chromosome 17 (GLRB and GRIA2), 28 (PGBD5), and 4 for hind leg hair trait. In contrast, there were no SNPs identified for nipple number and skin color. Conclusion: The significant SNPs or genes identified in this study provided novel insights into the genetic mechanism underlying important reproduction and morphological traits of three local goat breeds in Southern China as well as further potential applications for breeding goats.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2019

This paper presents mechanical design and control of a bio-inspired legged robot. To achieve a fast legged running mechanism, a novel linkage leg structure is designed based on hind legs of domestic cats. The skeletomuscular system and parallel leg movement of a cat are analyzed and applied to determine the link parameters. The hierarchical control architecture is designed according to the biological data to generate and modulate desired gaits. The effectiveness of the leg mechanism design and control is verified experimentally. The legged robot runs at a speed of 46 km/h, which is comparatively higher speed than other existing legged robots.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.620-625
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• 2013

Mammals such as dogs and cheetahs change their gait from trot to gallop as they run faster. However, lizards always trot for various speeds of running. When mammals run slowly with trot gait, their fore leg and hind leg generate the required force for acceleration or deceleration such that the yaw moments created by these forces cancel each other. On the other hand, when lizards run slowly, their fore legs and hind legs generate the forces for deceleration and acceleration, respectively. In this paper, the yaw motion of a lizard model is controlled by the movement of their waist and tail, and the reaction moment from the ground produced by the hind legs in simulation. The simulation uses the whole body dynamics of a lizard model, which consists of 4 links based on the Callisaurus draconoides. The results show that the simulated trotting of the model is similar to that of a real lizard when the movement of the model is optimized to minimize the reaction moment from the ground. It means that the body of a lizard moves in such a way that the reaction moment from the ground is minimized. This demonstrates our hypothesis on how lizards trot using body motion.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.217-225
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• 1989

In order to develop the effective methods of electroacupuncture anesthesia to bovine species. eight animals of Korean native cow, which are healthy and have ordinary perception response. were examined to study on the acupuncture prescription. In the present study, six kinds of acupuncture prescription methods were applied with four kinds of meridian points which consist of Sam Yang Rack, Keuk Moon, Boo Yang and Sam Eum Kyo. The results are summarized as follows. 1. All kinds of methods applied here were simple in needling technique but considerably effective on analgesia. It was also confirmed that the methods could be applied to the all clinical signs, because these were not depended to vary on the position of operation area and the body restrain. 2. The results, which were obtained by applying to all meridian points at both legs selected by diagonal lines(e. g., right foreleg and left hind leg, and vice versa) and to all meridian points at the all legs, were revealed the same analgesia effect. However, the result applied to meridian points at one side of body did not show the good effect for analgesia. 3. When the acupuncture prescription was applied to Sam Yang Rack and Keuk Moon at both forelegs, and Boo Yang and Sam Eum Kyo at both hind-legs, the good effects of regional analgesia appeared at the anterior body and both forelegs, and the posterior body and both hind-legs, respectivery. 4. There was no sognificant difference in changing biochemical pictures of blood and serum during the experiment.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2008

돼지 뒷다리 부위 주요 근육 4개와 등심 근육으로 제조 된 햄의 이화학적 특성과 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과, 햄 제조에 사용된 원료육의 pH는 Longissimus 근육과 다른 4개의 뒷다리 부위 근육들 간에 차이가 없었으나 햄 제품의 pH에서는 Longissimus 근육 햄에 비해 Rectus femoris 근육 햄이 유의적으로 높은 pH를 나타내었으며(p<0.05), Longissimus 근육 햄의 pH 값이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 일반성분을 비교한 결과, 단백질 함량에서만 Longissimus 햄이 Rectus femoris, Semimembranosus, Gluteus medius 근육으로 제조된 햄보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 제품색 특성 중 Hunter L 값은 Longissimus dorsi 근육이 가장 높았으며, Rectus femoris, Gluteus medius 근육이 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내었다(p<0.05). Hunter a값은 Rectus femoris, Biceps femoris, Gluteus medius 근육으로 제조된 햄들이 비슷한 수준을 나타내었으며, Longissimus 근육 햄에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 조직감을 조사한 결과, 경도, 탄력성, 응집성, 검성, 씹힘성 모두 근육에 따른 차이가 발견되지않았다(p>0.05). 근육 햄들의 관능적 특성을 조사한 결과, 육안적 색도, 맛, 조직감은 근육간 차이가 없었으며(p>0.05), 풍미는 Semimembranosus 근육으로 제조된 햄이 가장 높은 점수를 받았고, Gluteus medius 근육으로 제조된 햄이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05).