• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.284-295
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• 2019

This study examined the actual condition of middle school students' dining out based on the data of the 2016 youth food behavior inquiry data of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The eating out behavior of 278 middle school students' according to gender, average eating-out cost per person, average monthly eating out cost per person, weekly frequency of breakfast, and dietary information source were calculated into a chi-square value by cross analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, in middle school students' eating-out status, most students answered 'eating out', and the highest frequency of eating out was 1~3 times a week. The reason for eating out was 'to enjoy delicious food', and 'costly price' was the most common reason for not eating out. Food taste was the most common standard for selecting eating out, and a restaurant was the most common place to eat out. The main restaurant was the 'snack bar (kimbap specialized store)'. Second, there was no significant difference in all items of eating-out status according to the gender. A significant difference in eating out frequency was observed according to average eating-out cost per once (p< .001), standard for selecting eating out (p< .001), main eating out places (p< .001), and main restaurants (p< .01). There was a significant difference in the frequency of eating out (p< .001) in the eating-out status according to average eating out cost per month. Third, the eating-out status according to the breakfast frequency of middle school students had a significant difference in the reason for eating out (p< .001). The eating-out status according to the dietary information source of middle school students had a significant difference in eating out or not (p< .05) and the frequency of eating out (p< .05). These results highlight the importance of school diet education so that middle school students can achieve healthy eating habits and plan to increase their interest and utilization of school dietary education.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.117-167
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• 2009

Assemblypersons' activities have organizational and individual nature. The activities of assemblypersons and their assistant staffs become a motive for major work performance of Korean legislature, and are also critical public services affecting contemporary political history, history of political parties and history of assemblyperson's hometown. Moreover, their activities are also characterized by work performance in favor of assemblyperson's personal interests to effectively communicate his or her achievements during term of office to electors with a view to winning reelection after the end of 4-year term of office. Assemblyperson's organization produces various types of record in the performance of these works. From the viewpoint of public archive as a product of assemblypersons' public service performance and from their own personal viewpoints, they can create their own identity by arranging their personal records that can demonstrate their own political philosophy, policy orientation, achievements during term of office, and personal features. In addition, their personal records can have much more values and significance in the sense that those records are available to electors to make it possible to highlight their own images in objective and reliable manner. Conclusively, this study underlined that the efforts for assemblypersons and their assistant staffs to keep their records well could be helpful to streamline their internal works and be also helpful for personal interests of assemblypersons. And this study proposed procedures and methods for deducing and screening a list of production archives to meet a viewpoint of streamlined internal works and needs for keeping personal records, ultimately with a view to giving practical helps for these works.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.669-686
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate types of neighborhood environments and to verify whether the types of neighborhood environments are directly related to life satisfaction of older adults. To achieve this goal, I used'2014 National Survey on Older Koreans' data which surveyed the older adults aged 65 and over living in the community and a total of 10,281 respondents were analyzed. To determine the types of neighborhood environment, the time taken by walking from community organizations or places such as grocery stores, medical centers, administrative agencies, welfare centers, public transportation was used as an neighborhood environment indicators. As a results, there were six types of neighborhood environment: a leisure-welfare walk-limited type(20.3%), a leisure-welfare long-distance type(15.5%), a balanced proximity type(7.8%), a store-traffic type(35.8%), a traffic proximity type(10.1%), and a marginalized area type(11.3%). Compared to the balanced proximity type, older adults living in a store-traffic type and a marginalized area type were more likely to have negative life satisfaction. older adults who have higher life satisfaction were more likely to be female, more educated, get higher household income, and have a spouses or partner. Moreover, the better the health conditions, the higher the frequency of contact with children, siblings, friends and neighbors, the higher the satisfaction of life. Finding from the study highlight the importance of neighborhood environment in late life and provide implications for building age-friendly community.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.515-525
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the cereal intake status and explore its relationship with the nutritional status of the Korean adults from 2013 ~ 2016, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: We analyzed dData from the combined 2013 ~ 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The analysis included 12,199 adults aged from 19 to 64 years (male, n = 5,127, female, n = 7,072). In this study, according to cereal intake frequency (From food frequency questionnaire), we classified tThe subjects were classified according into the "non-cereal intake (NCI)" group (male, n = 4,290, female, n = 5,578), and "cereal intake (CI)" group (male, n = 837, female, n = 1,494) according to cereal intake frequency (From food frequency questionnaire). Results: Typically, 79.6% of adults did not consume cereals (male 81.6%, female 77.3%);, 13.4% consumed cereals 1-3 times a month (male 12.2%, female 14.8%) and 7.1% consumed cereals more than once a week (male 6.2%, female 7.9%). In the case of both males and females, the nutrient density (nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of protein, calcium, phosphorous, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and vitamin C in the Non-Cereal group were significantly lower than those of the CI group (respectively, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our These results reveal highlight the low frequency of cereal intake in Korean adults and the better nutritional status in adults who consume cereals. It is hypothesized that tThe data of the present study would is expected to serve as basic data to improve the nutritional status of Korean adults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.553-561
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• 2019

This study examined the relationship between professional self-concept, interpersonal relationship, coping, and clinical practice satisfaction of nursing college students. This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 355 students in M city and I city. The data were collected from May 29 to June 16, 2017 and self-report questionnaires, including the Professional Self-concept Scale, Interpersonal Relationship Scale, Coping Scale, and Clinical Practice Satisfaction Scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Professional self-concept showed significant differences according to religion, income, and school records. Interpersonal relationships showed significant differences according to gender, income, and school records. Coping showed significant differences according to the school records. Professional self-concept had a statistically positive correlation with interpersonal relationship, clinical practice satisfaction, and approach coping. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the predictor of professional self-concept was interpersonal relationships, approach coping, religion, school records, and avoidant coping, which accounted for 45.2% of the variance. These results highlight the need for enhancement programs of nursing college students' professional self-concept that consider their interpersonal relationships, coping, religion, and school records.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2019

Hypertension is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In advanced countries, more than 30% of adults have hypertension. Among the genetic factors affecting hypertension, there are reports from European cohort studies that variants of the MACROD2 gene are correlated with blood pressure and the hypertension status. In this study, genetic polymorphisms of the MACROD2 gene region were selected and extracted based on Korean Genome and Epidemiology data, and logistic regression analysis was then performed for the hypertensive state. Linear regression analysis was also performed for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. As a result, 16 SNPs showed a statistically significant association with a hypertensive state, and 2 SNPs (rs16996211, rs6034240) showed statistical significance, even in blood pressure. The most significant rs16996211 had a relative risk of hypertension of 0.85 (CI: 0.76~0.95, $P=3.1{\times}10^{-3}$), as well as an association with the systolic blood pressure (beta=-0.75, P=0.024) and diastolic blood pressure (beta=-0.59, P=0.01). These results suggest that polymorphisms of the MACROD2 gene are associated with hypertension in both Caucasians and Koreans, and highlight the potential genetic correlations with the pathogenesis of hypertension.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.157-165
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• 2018

Companies conduct R&D for continuous development and enhancement of corporate value, and obtain patents as an intangible asset resulting from this process. This study screened 103 medical device firms whose R&D information, patent information, and management performance information were all published to determine how R&D activities and patents affect corporate operational performance. The number of patents, R&D costs, company type and Inno-Biz of the company were set as independent variables, and the companies' sales, intangible assets, operating profit ratios, net profit margins, corporate ratings and profit-related financial ratios were used as dependent variables. The results confirmed that R&D expenditure had negative (-) effects on most indicators, including sales volume, operating profit ratio, and net profit ratio, while it had positive (+) [ED highlight - these are unnecessary if negative and positive are also written out.] effects only on intangible assets. Additionally, domestic patents were found to have negative (-) effects on sales, cash flow ratings, and dropped capital return, and positive (+) effects on net profit growth. Moreover, the business performance variables affected by the company characteristics were sales volume and cash flow ratings. The medical device industry is dominated by small and medium-sized businesses Although research and development activities and patents have been shown to have a negative impact on corporate management in the short term, they are expected to have a positive long-term impact when reflecting the characteristics of the medical device industry that must undergo clinical trials and authorization procedures after R&D.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to find a possible association between the ${\beta}-$ and ${\kappa}-casein$ and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ genotypes and important milk physiochemical and technological characteristics such as acidity, alcohol stability, the contents of some minerals and the parameters of acid fermentation ability (FEA) in Czech Fleckvieh Cattle. Methods: Milk and blood samples were collected from 338 primiparous Czech Fleckvieh cows at the same stage of lactation. The genotypes of individual cows for ${\kappa}-casein$ (alleles A, B, and E) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (alleles A and B) were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while their ${\beta}-casein$ (alleles $A^1$, $A^2$, $A^3$, and B) genotype was determined using melting curve genotyping analysis. The data collected were i) milk traits including active acidity (pH), titratable acidity (TA), alcohol stability (AS); calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) contents; and ii) yoghurt traits including active acidity (Y-pH), titratable acidity (Y-TA), and the counts of both Lactobacilli and Streptococci in 1 mL of yoghurt. A linear model was assumed with fixed effects of herd, year, and season of calving, an effect of the age of the cow at first calving and effects of the casein and lactoglobulin genotypes of ${\beta}-CN$ (${\beta}-casein$, CSN2), ${\kappa}-CN$ (${\kappa}-casein$, CSN3), and ${\beta}-LG$ (${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, LGB), or the three-way interaction between those genes. Results: The genetic polymorphisms were related to the milk TA, AS, content of P and Ca, Y-pH and Lactobacilli number in the fresh yoghurt. The CSN3 genotype was significantly associated with milk AS (p<0.05). The effect of the composite CSN2-CSN3-LGB genotype on the investigated traits mostly reflected the effects of the individual genes. It significantly influenced TA (p<0.01), Y-pH (p<0.05) and the log of the Lactobacilli count (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the yoghurt fermentation test together with milk proteins genotyping could contribute to milk quality control and highlight new perspectives in dairy cattle selection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1322-1332
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• 2019

In this paper, we systematically investigated the influence of some selected ligands on the U-phosphate precipitation induced by soil bacteria. These organics are widely ranging from acetate, lactate, salicylate and citrate to oxalate. The results revealed that uranium could be biomineralized on bacteria as $UO_2HPO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$ or $(UO_2)_3(PO_4)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$. The influence of organic ligands on the biomineralization had clear-cut correlations with its complexation abilities to uranyl. It was clearly found that the U-phosphate biomineralization was affected noticeably by the strong ligands (oxalate and citrate). Further study discovered that when the organic ligands were uncompetitive with biotic $PO_4^{3-}$ for uranyl, the transformation of uranyl species from ${\beta}-UO_2(OH)_2$ colloidal particles to free $UO_2^{2+}$-ligands ions could facilitate the U-phosphate biomineralization. However, when the organic ligands competed with biotic $PO_4^{3-}$ for uranyl, the U-phosphate biomineralization were inhibited. Our results highlight the importance of complex interactions of strong organic ligands with uranyl during the bacterial precipitation of U-P compounds and thus for the mobilization and immobilization of radio-nuclides in the nature.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2019

Do animals have a mind? Our understanding about whether animals have minds depends on our relationship with animals, as we cannot determine animals' actual minds. These two studies presented here thus examined the meat paradox, that is, an inconsistency between love for animals and the act of enjoying eating meat in the context of mind perception. Study 1 examined whether mind perceptions toward various animals are classified on the basis of experience-related capacities, such as feeling pain, and agency-related capacities, such as having self-control. In Study 2, mind perceptions toward cows and sexually objectified women were classified on the basis of food condition and non-food condition. In the food condition (experimental condition), cows were portrayed as products for meat consumption, whereas in the control condition, they were described as animals living on a farm, eating grass. The results of Study 2 demonstrated revealed that mind perception was positively associated with how morally incorrect it was to eat animals. Study 2 thus demonstrated that the scores of mind perception toward cows and sexually objectified women in the experimental condition were significantly lower than those in the control condition. These reduced mind attribution in the experimental condition implied that people may be motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance between their attitudes toward animals, such as loving them, and their behaviors, such as, eating meat. In addition, these results suggest that objectification toward animals may impact the objectification and mind perception toward human beings as well. These findings highlight the role of dissonance reduction in the meat paradox and objectification theory so as to understand basic psychological processes involved while making moral choices in everyday life.