• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to provide development strategies in the production and distribution system of highland Chinese cabbage by evaluating and analyzing problems of the current system, focusing on several main stages between production and distribution system of highland Chinese cabbage. Through interview of groups such as farmers, distributers in the main producing areas, commission merchants of the wholesale market and large-scale distributors the relavant information was collected. Also, data such as production situations in main producing areas, distribution conditions in the wholesale market was analyzed. The functions of highland Chinese cabbage were classified and the current state of highland Chinese cabbage distribution system was investigated to provide an overall insight into the highland Chinese cabbage distribution system. Also the factors which will affect a price of wholesale market and consumer of highland Chinese cabbage were examined. Finally problems and improvements in the production and distribution system through analysis of the distribution system of highland Chinese cabbage were provided. the main contents of this study are as follows. The first is to keep stability of production in main producing areas by applying a differentiated production method, for example, rainshelter cultivation method. The second is to establish the distribution system which the relevant information is opened transparently. The third is that the consistent cold transportation system from main producing areas to consumers must be built.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2007

To evaluate the effect of companion plant (Phlox subulata and Glechoma hederacea var. longituba) on conservation of soil in slopped highland, coverage of crops and soil erosion were investigated with 3 different conditions. The coverage rate of Phlox subulata with Chinese cabbage cultivation was kept on approximately 100% from Chinese cabbage-transplanting to -harvest. The coverage rate of Glechoma hederacea var. longituba with Chinese cabbage cultivation was low at it's early stage, however, reached to approximately 100% at the time of Chinese cabbage harvest. In contrast, the coverage rate of Chinese cabbage cultivation without cover crop, and simultaneous transplanting with Chinese cabbage and cover crop were approximately 60%. Losses of soil and nitrate nitrogen were much lower in Phlox subulata with Chinese cabbage cultivation ($0.1{\sim}0.2ton\;ha^{-1}$, $0.2{\sim}0.4kg\;NO_3{^-}-N\;ha^{-1}$) than those in Chinese cabbage cultivation without cover crop ($20.8ton\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;NO_3{^-}-N\;ha^{-1}$), and simultaneous transplanting with Chinese cabbage and cover crop ($8.9{\sim}10.5ton\;ha^{-1}$, $1.5{\sim}2.2kg\;NO_3{^-}-N\;ha^{-1}$). Cover plants suppressed the weed occurrence up to about 70%. Live mulching with cover plants set a good effects on weed suppression and reduction of soil and nutrient loss. Therefore intercropping with Phlox subulata will make great contributions to soil conservation in Chinese cabbage cultivated highland.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.701-707
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• 2019

Highland farming is agriculture that takes place 400 m above sea level and typically involves both low temperatures and long sunshine hours. Most highland Chinese cabbages are harvested in the Gangwon province. The Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) has been deployed to observe Chinese cabbages growth because of the lack of installed weather stations in the highlands. Five representative Chinese cabbage cultivation spots were selected for USN and meteorological data collection between 2015 and 2017. The purpose of this study is to develop a weight prediction model for Chinese cabbages using the meteorological and growth data that were collected one week prior. Both a regression and random forest model were considered for this study, with the regression assumptions being satisfied. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to evaluate the predictive performance of the models. The variables influencing the weight of cabbage were the number of cabbage leaves, wind speed, precipitation and soil electrical conductivity in the regression model. In the random forest model, cabbage width, the number of cabbage leaves, soil temperature, precipitation, temperature, soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm, cabbage leaf width, soil electrical conductivity, humidity, and cabbage leaf length were screened. The RMSE of the random forest model was 265.478, a value that was relatively lower than that of the regression model (404.493); this is because the random forest model could explain nonlinearity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.294-300
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• 2005

The effect of hairy vetch sod culture on reduction of soil loss and providing of nitrogen was investigated for the fields of Chinese cabbage in Hoenggye-Ri, Pyeongchang-Gun Gangwon-Do (780 m above sea level) from 2002 to 2003. Hairy vetch was sowed at just before planting, 15, 30 and 40 days after planting and right after harvest of Chinese cabbage. Hairy vetch was sod-cultivated with Chinese cabbage. The amount of sowing was $40kg\;10a^{-1}$. In this experiment, proper sowing times that had no influence on the yield of Chinese cabbage were 30 and 40 days after planting while other sowing times led to decrease the yield. In case of the former, there was 74% reduction effect of soil loss compared with no-hairy vetch because of covering the fields with hairy vetch right after harvest. Moreover, when the hairy vetch was put into the soil before planting of Chinese cabbage in the next year, it showed 61-79% substitution effect of standard application rate ($320kg\;ha^{-1}$, chemical fertilizer) for nitrogen fertilizer. It is suggested that using hairy vetch as cover crop would be useful in conservation of soil loss and reduction input of agricultural materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.280-289
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to establish a model for recommendable application level of nitrogen fertilizer based on soil testing for summer chinese cabbage in highland. A field experiment was carried out with various nitrogen application levels in sand loamy soil with and without poultry manure compost. The application level of N in poultry manure compost plot was found to be $291kg\;ha^{-1}$ for maximum yield of chinese cabbage, and it was 87% of the required N application level, $335kg\;ha^{-1}$, for maximum yield of chinese cabbage in nonmanure plot. In the treatment of poultry manure, approximately $174kg\;ha^{-1}$ of N was required to obtain the same yield of chinese cabbage as the maximum yield obtained in the treatments without poultry manure application. Therefore, with poultry manure application, N application level can be reduced by 40%. Using these results, a new equation for N recommendation for chinese cabbage in highland soil was proposed. With the average organic matter content of $33g\;kg^{-1}$ in highland field, the application levels of N for chinese cabbage were in the range of $215-129kg\;ha^{-1}$, which means that 32.8-59.7% of current application amount of N fertilizer can be reduced.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate decomposition of livestock manure in soils cultivated with Chinese cabbage along an alitude gradient. The experiments were conducted in Kangreung (17 m above sea level), Bongpyeong (430 m above sea level), and Daekwanryeong (800 m above the sea level) in order to assess the decomposition rate and accumulations of livestock manures depending on different altitudes. During chinese cabbage cultivation, the decomposition ratios of organic matter derived form livestock manure expressed as % of the initial organic matter content were 42~48% for Kangreung, 26~29% for Bongpyeong and 10~14% for Daekwanryeong. Changes in air temperature with altitude might be a main factor affecting manure decomposition rates.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.278-283
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• 2006

The effect of calcium cyanamide($CaCN_2$) on suppression of clubroot of Chinese cabbage was evaluated in the fields infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae at National Institute of Highland Agriculture, Pyeongchang, Korea, from 2002 to 2003. Calcium cyanamide was found to be more effective in reducing disease severity than flusulfamide dust powder. The optimal dosage of calcium cyanamide for control of clubroot of Chinese cabbage was 61 kg/10a. When calcium cyanamide was incorporated into soil at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days before planting(DBP), maximum disease suppression was obtained in the plot with calcium cyanamide, applied 5DBP. The fertilizer property of calcium cyanamide as a nitrogen fertilizer was also investigated by comparing with urea on cv. CR Gangta, a resistant variety of Chinese cabbage. The nitrogen uptake in calcium cyanamide treatment(17.6 kg/10a), was not significantly different from that of urea(17.8 kg/10a). These results indicated that calcium cyanamide could be used as a soil disinfectant as well as a nitrogen fertilizer.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Four cover plants such as Phlox subulata, Glechoma hederacea var. longituba, Sedum middendorffianum and Saxifraga laciniata were evaluated to investigate the effect of companion planting on reducing soil erosion in Chinese cabbage cultivated highland. The experiment was conducted using lysimeters of $5\;m{\times}2\;m$ (length$\times$width) with 5, 15 and 30% slopes. Companion plants except Sedum middendorffianum did not interface with growth of Chinese cabbage Glechoma hederacea var. longituba and Sedum middendorffianum grew faster than Phlox subulata and Saxifraga laciniata in the early growth stage suer transplanting, resulting in fast ground covering, but the ground covering by Phlox subulata and Saxifraga laciniata was delayed because growth suppression by high air temperature during summer season. Soil erosion became severe as increasing degree of slope. Assessments of the four cover plants were conducted in relation to soil conservation characteristic of scenery, endurance to the environment stress, plant growth and weed suppression. From the assessments, Phlox subulata was superior to other intercropping crops tested for reducing soil erosion in highland cultivation of Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.285-291
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• 2006

The lysimeter ($1.2m\;with{\times}1.6m\;length$) experiment using $^{15}N$ tracer method was conducted to investigate the influence of slopes (degree 5, 15 and 30%) and fertilizer application methods (solid application and fertigation) on the behavior of applied urea in saprolite piled highland with Chinese cabbage cultivation. NDFFs(nitrogen derived from fertilizer) in soil were increased with decreasing of degree of slope and of depth of soil. The recovery as percentage of fertilizer nitrogen by Chinese cabbage were 69.5% for solid application and 76.5% for fertigation in 5% slope, 65.0% for solid application and 70.2% for fertigation in 15% slope, and 56.1% for solid application and 62.3% for fertigation in 30% slope. There, fertigation will make great contributions to the reduction of environmental contamination by run off and to the increase of fertilizer efficiency in Chinese cabbage cultivated highland.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2009

To select rotation crops for control of clubroot of Chinese cabbage, potato, corn, soybean, onion and groundsel were planted in the field infected with clubroot pathogen (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in highland area in 2000. In comparison of economical efficiency among rotation crops, potato and onion gained about 16.9 and 14.9 times higher, respectively, than successive cultivation of Chinese cabbage. Resting spore densities of Plasmodiophora brassicae after harvesting rotation crops were in the range of $0.3{\sim}1.2{\times}10^3/g$ soil in all cultivated soils with rotation crops while that of successive Chinese cabbage cultivation soil was very high as much as $89.3{\times}10^3/g$ soil. And disease severity of Chinese cabbage clubroot was 4.9, 20.2, 24.4, 25.1 and 27.8% in onion, soybean, potato, corn, and groundsel cultivation plot, respectively, while that of successive Chinese cabbage cultivation plot was very high as 77.8%. Effect of rotation period of onion, potato, soybean on disease control was investigated from 2002 to 2005. Resting spore densities of Plasmodiophora brassicae after cultivating rotation crops were decreased until $2^{nd}$ year and maintained low density at $3^{rd}$ year in all plots, while that of successive Chinese cabbage cultivation plot was increased 2.6 to 23.6 times for three years. When Chinese cabbage was rotation-cultivated with potato, soybean and onion for three years, disease severities of Chinese cabbage clubroot decreased 92 to 4.4%, 72 to 10.4% and 72 to 12.2%, respectively, while that of successive Chinese cabbage cultivation plot maintained 100%. As the rotation period increased, the yields of Chinese cabbage increased, while that of successive Chinese cabbage cultivation plot decreased. At $3^{rd}$ year, Chinese cabbage with high quality could be much more produced 2,205, 2,493 and 2,476 g in potato, soybean and onion cultivation plot, respectively, than 95 g in successive Chinese cabbage cultivation plot.