• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2018

In this paper, a novel simple shear deformation theory for buckling analysis of single layer graphene sheet is formulated using the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen. The present theory involves only three unknown and three governing equation as in the classical plate theory, but it is capable of accurately capturing shear deformation effects, instead of five as in the well-known first shear deformation theory (FSDT) and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). A shear correction factor is, therefore, not required. Nonlocal elasticity theory is employed to investigate effects of small scale on buckling of the rectangular nano-plate. The equations of motion of the nonlocal theories are derived and solved via Navier's procedure for all edges simply supported boundary conditions. The results are verified with the known results in the literature. The influences played by Effects of nonlocal parameter, length, thickness of the graphene sheets and shear deformation effect on the critical buckling load are studied. Verification studies show that the proposed theory is not only accurate and simple in solving the buckling nanoplates, but also comparable with the other higher-order shear deformation theories which contain more number of unknowns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2017

In this paper, a new simple shear deformation theory for bending analysis of functionally graded plates is developed. The present theory involves only three unknown and three governing equation as in the classical plate theory, but it is capable of accurately capturing shear deformation effects, instead of five as in the well-known first shear deformation theory and higher-order shear deformation theory. A shear correction factor is, therefore, not required. The material properties of the functionally graded plates are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness, according to a simple power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. Equations of motion are obtained by utilizing the principle of virtual displacements and solved via Navier's procedure. The elastic foundation is modeled as two parameter elastic foundation. The results are verified with the known results in the literature. The influences played by transversal shear deformation, plate aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, elastic foundation, and volume fraction distributions are studied. Verification studies show that the proposed theory is not only accurate and simple in solving the bending behaviour of functionally graded plates, but also comparable with the other higher-order shear deformation theories which contain more number of unknowns.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2982-2994
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• 1993

Low-velocity impact responses of composite laminates are investigated using the finite element method based on various theories. In two-dimensional nonlinear analysis, a displacement field considering higher order shear deformation and large deflection of the laminate is assumed and a finite element formulation is developed using a C$^{o}$-continuous 9-node plate element. Also, three-dimensional linear analysis based on the infinitesimal strain-displacement assumptions is performed using 8-node brick elements with incompatible modes. A modified Hertzian contact law is incorporated into the finite element program to evaluate the impact force. In the time integration, the Newmark constant acceleration algorithm is used in conjuction with successive iterations within each time step. Numerical results from static analysis as well as the impact response analysis are presented including impact force histories, deflections, strains in the laminate. Impact responses according to two typical low-velocity impact conditions are compared each other.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.427-437
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• 2019

In this study, an alternative solution procedure presented by using variational methods for analysis of shear deformable functionally graded material (FGM) beams with mixed formulation. By using the advantages of $G{\hat{a}}teaux$ differential approaches, a refined complex general functional and boundary conditions which comprises seven independent variables such as displacement, rotation, bending moment and higher-order bending moment, shear force and higher-order shear force, is derived for general thick-thin FGM beams via shear deformation beam theories. The mixed-finite element method (FEM) is employed to obtain a beam element which have a 2-nodes and total fourteen degrees-of-freedoms. A computer program is written to execute the analyses for the present study. The numerical results of analyses obtained for different boundary conditions are presented and compared with results available in the literature.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2022

The purposes of the present work it to study the effect of shear deformation on the static post-buckling response of simply supported functionally graded (FGM) axisymmetric beams based on classical, first-order, and higher-order shear deformation theories. The behavior of postbuckling is introduced based on geometric nonlinearity. The material properties of functionally graded materials (FGM) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The equations of motion and the boundary conditions derived using Hamilton's principle. This article compares and addresses the efficiency, the applicability, and the limits of classical models, higher order models (CLT, FSDT, and HSDT) for the static post-buckling response of an asymmetrically simply supported FGM beam. The amplitude of the static post-buckling obtained a solving the nonlinear governing equations. The results showing the variation of the maximum post-buckling amplitude with the applied axial load presented, for different theory and different parameters of material and geometry. In conclusion: The shear effect found to have a significant contribution to the post-buckling behaviors of axisymmetric beams. As well as the classical beam theory CBT, underestimate the shear effect compared to higher order shear deformation theories HSDT.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.509-524
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• 2017

In this article, a free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates resting on elastic foundations is presented using a quasi-3D hybrid-type higher order shear deformation theory. Undetermined integral terms are employed in the proposed displacement field and modeled based on a hybrid-type (sinusoidal and parabolic) quasi-3D HSDT with five unknowns in which the stretching effect is taken into account. Thus, it can be said that the significant feature of this theory is that it deals with only 5 unknowns as the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The elastic foundation parameters are introduced in the present formulation by following the Pasternak (two-parameter) mathematical model. Equations of motion are obtained via the Hamilton's principles and solved using Navier's method. Accuracy of the proposed theory is confirmed by comparing the results of numerical examples with the ones available in literature.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the fatigue phenomenon of mechanical properties in tencel fabrics by repeated washing & shear and tensile deformation. The obtained results are as follows. After performing repeated shear tensile deformation, RT of tencel showed higher increase rate than that of cotton and rayon, whereas its WT and EM was a smaller decrease rate than that of them. This means that tencel's resistance to tensile deformation was the greatest. In the repeated washing and shear tensile deformation, tencel's 2HB, 2HG and 2HG5 showed a remarkable increase rate. In terms of deformation frequency, the greatest change rate appeared at the time of 1000 cycles of repeated shear tensile deformation and 15 times of repeated washing. In the hand value and THV, KOSHI showed a higher increase rate for tencel than for cotton and rayon in both repeated washing and shear tensile deformation, and NUMERI showed a higher increase rate. In the THV the change rate of rayon and cotton could be rarely seen but for tencel, it decreased. tencel's change rate of thermal insulation value by materials was 1.08%, and it increased as the washing frequency increased, compared to the grey fabrics, whereas the change rates of cotton and rayon were 0.74% and 0.22%, respectively. The qmax decreased in the order of cotton>tencel>rayon as the washing frequency increased.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.2
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• pp.247-269
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• 2020

A finite strip formulation was developed for buckling and free vibration analysis of laminated composite plates based on different shear deformation plate theories. The different shear deformation theories such as Zigzag higher order, Refined Plate Theory (RPT) and other higher order plate theories by variation of transverse shear strains through plate thickness in the parabolic form, sine and exponential were adopted here. The two loaded opposite edges of the plate were assumed to be simply supported and remaining edges were assumed to have arbitrary boundary conditions. The polynomial shape functions are applied to assess the in-plane and out-of-plane deflection and rotation of the normal cross-section of plates in the transverse direction. The finite strip procedure based on the virtual work principle was applied to derive the stiffness, geometric and mass matrices. Numerical results were obtained based on various shear deformation plate theories to verify the proposed formulation. The effects of length to thickness ratios, modulus ratios, boundary conditions, the number of layers and fiber orientation of cross-ply and angle-ply laminates were determined. The additional results on the same effects in the interaction of biaxial in-plane loadings on the critical buckling load were determined as well.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.725-734
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• 2022

This work presents a simple exponential shear deformation theory for the flexural and free vibration responses of thick bridge deck. Contrary to the existing higher order shear deformation theories (HSDT) and the first shear deformation theory (FSDT), the proposed model uses a new displacement field which incorporates undetermined integral terms and involves only two variables. Governing equations and boundary conditions of the theory are derived by the principle of virtual work. The simply supported thick isotropic square and rectangular plates are considered for the detailed numerical studies. Results of displacements, stresses and frequencies are compared with those of other refined theories and exact theory to show the efficiency of the proposed theory. Good agreement is achieved of the present results with those of higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and elasticity theory. Moreover, results demonstrate that the developed two variable refined plate theory is simple for solving the flexural and free vibration responses of thick bridge deck and can achieve the same accuracy of the existing HSDTs which have more number of variables.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.423-434
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• 2018

In present work, both the hyperbolic shear deformation theory and stress function concept are used to study the mechanical and thermal stability responses of functionally graded (FG) plates resting on elastic foundation. The accuracy of the proposed formulation is checked by comparing the computed results with those predicted by classical plate theory (CPT), first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). Moreover, results demonstrate that the proposed formulation can achieve the same accuracy of the existing HSDTs which have more number of governing equations.