• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

In this paper, we have proposed a prediction method for sabot-trajectory of projectile using high speed camera data analysis. Through analyzing trajectory of sabot with high speed camera data, we can extract its real velocity and acceleration including effects of friction force, pressure of flume, etc. Using these data, we suggest a prediction method for sabot-trajectory of projectile having variable acceleration, especially for minimum and maximum acceleration, by using interpolation method for velocity and acceleration data of sabot. Also we perform the projectile launching tests to achieve the trajectory of sabot in case of minimum and maximum thrust. Simulation results show that they are similar to real tests data, for example velocity, acceleration and the trajectory of sabot.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2021

The heat-mediated reflux apparatus extraction of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been widely used as a traditional extraction method. In this paper, the microwave apparatus extraction method of Paeonia Radix was performed and the active ingredients and functional constituents were compared with the reference extraction method. The most effective extraction condition of albiflorin using the microwave was 120℃ in 50% methanol, and paeoniflorin was maximally extracted at 60℃. The reduced level of paeoniflorin molecule at high-pressure and high-temperature extraction condition was caused by the molecular instability. Additionally, the microwave extraction of 50% methanol extracts at 150℃ showed the highest functional constituents determined by in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity, polyphenol concentration, and tyrosinase inhibition assay. The microwave apparatus was adapted as a rapid, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method to extract active ingredients and the practical extraction conditions of Paeonia Radix can be used in industrial applications.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2019

Ginsenosides are active constituents of ginseng (Panax ginseng) that have possible anti-aging, physiological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Although the ginseng root is generally used more often than the aerial parts for medicinal purposes, the flowers also contain numerous ginsenosides, including Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1. Therefore, an extract from the flowers of the P. ginseng could have the pharmacological efficacy of bioactive compounds including ginsenosides. The high hydrostatic pressure extraction (HHPE) is a method that is used for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials. In this study, we compared the yield of ginsenosides from ginseng flowers under different conditions of extraction pressure and time of HHPE. The results indicate that the total yield of the ginsenosides improved as the pressure increased from 0.1 to 80 MPa and treatment duration increased to 24 hours. In addition, the ginsenoside extracts from HHPE at 80 MPa, which possessed a higher total ginsenoside concentration, decreased the viability of the primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) significantly than the ginsenoside extracts from HHPE at 0.1 MPa. Collectively, we found that the method of HHPE that was performed for 24 hours at 80 MPa showed the highest yield of ginsenosides from the flowers of P. ginseng. In addition, our study provides a foundation for the efficient extraction of ginsenosides, which had a potent bioactivity, from flowers of P. ginseng through HHPE.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2020

Objectives SJ004 is a natural herbal medicine that contains Acyranthes japonica Nakai and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver traditionally used for joint and spinal diseases. This study aimed to establish an efficient method of extracting SJ004 to standardize using the yield, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant assay. Methods SJ004 was extracted with distilled water, 70% and 100% of ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The method validation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was determined by HPLC-photo diode array and the content of SJ004 was calculated. The antioxidant activity of each extract was compared and measured using total flavonoids, total phenolic compounds, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power according to the standard protocol. Results The yield was highest in pure water extract and lowest in 100% EtOH. But, the content of marker compounds indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside was highest in 100% EtOH extract. In the physiological activity measurement using antioxidant activity, 100% ethanol extract was highest. The limit of detection indicating 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside were analyzed 0.33 ㎍/mL, 0.1616 ㎍/mL, and the limit of quantification were analyzed 1.01 ㎍/mL and 0.49 ㎍/mL respectively. Conclusions The experimental results showed that the extraction conditions have a significant effect on content of marker compounds and antioxidant activity. As a result of method validation, SJ004 was standardized by 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinoresinol diglucoside.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2000

It has long been known that SOAT is effective for sudden palpitation occurring unexpectedly in Oriental Medicine. However, effect of SOAT on the isolated heart has not been studied yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat hearts induced by electrical stimulation using Langendorff perfusion apparatus for nonworking heart. SOAT extract was manufactured by water-alcohol precipitated method. Sprague-Dawley rats weighting $120{\sim}150g$ were used for the experiments, Subject animals were divided into four groups, which are consisted of 1) control(Group orally administered by normal saline 1ml for 14days), 2) sample A(Group orally administered by SOAT extract 1ml for 14days), 3) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 0.5ml after stimulation, 4) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 1ml after stimulation. To evluate the effects of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat heart induced by stimulation, heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume and ECG were measured using Langendorff apparatus in both stimulation mode(5 volts, 450 beats/min) and arrythmic mode(5 volts, 420 beats/min including 60 beats/min) The results obtained are as follows : 1. After receiving stressful electrical stimuli, isolated heart showed the heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume were all decreased temporarily, but perfusion continued longer recovery to the control state appeared. However, the coronary artery perfusion volume diminished continuously. 2. The heart rates did not change significantly with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, among experimental groups. 3. The left ventricular pressure showed with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, the significant changes(p<0.05) especially in the injection sample group. In case of stimulation mode, low concentration injection group(0.5ml) was more significantly increased rather than high concentration group(1ml) and in case of arrhythmic mode, high density group(1ml) was so increased than the other(0.5ml). 4. For the systolic power and diastolic power, no significant changes were noticed in the stimulation mode, but in the arrhythmic mode of injection sample groups, significant change(p<0.05) was noticed in both systolic power and diastolic power. Specially the high concentration group(1ml) showed more significant increase than the low concentration group. 5. For the coronary artery perfusion volume, no significant change difference among sample groups was observed in both the stimulation mode and the arrhythmic mode. 6. For the ECG recordings, arrhythmia was induced by electrical stimulus of arrythmia mode and after the stimulus was removed, irregular wave appeared temporarily, but as perpusion continued, recovery to the control state was abtained like the stimulation mode. According to the above results, SOAT significantly changed the hemodynamic data from the electrically stressed, isolated hearts of connected Langendorff perfusion apparatus and we propose SOAT has the direct effects on the muscular function of heart.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.827-832
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop HTHP ginseng (high temperature and high pressure ginseng) with improved antioxidative activity and phenolic acid composition by high temperature and high pressure process. The HTHP ginseng extract was analyzed for the total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and phenolic acid composition. The total phenol content was increased in HTHP ginseng (14.76 mg/g) compared to raw ginseng (3.59 mg/g) and red ginseng (3.93 mg/g). DPPH radical scavenging activities of HTHP ginseng, raw ginseng and red ginseng extracts were 4.8~78.4%, 1~47.4% and 1.8~56.5% at $1{\sim}100mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. Also ABTS radical scavenging activities of HTHP ginseng, raw ginseng and red ginseng extracts were 8.9~99.8%, 3.4~96% and 1.2~96.5% at $1{\sim}100mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. In HPLC analysis, amounts of measured phenolic acid of HTHP ginseng greatly increased than raw ginseng and red ginseng, but salicylic acid was not detected in HTHP ginseng. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity of phenolic acid from HTHP ginseng was increased. Consequently, we believe high temperature and high pressure process is better method than existing method to increase the bioactivity of ginseng.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.224-231
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• 2020

With the improvement in the standard of living and extension of life expectancy, the incidence of prostate diseases has increased yearly, thus becoming a serious disease affecting the health of men. The extract mixture of Cornus officinalis and Stauntonia hexaphylla leaves is a developed functional food formula to improve prostate health. This study developed a simultaneous analytical method of bioactive compounds for quantifying the mixture of Cornus officinalis and S. hexaphylla leaves using high-pressure liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV). HPLC analytical condition was performed on a Hector C₁₈ column with a mobile phase of 0.1 % formic acid in water (A) and 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile (B) under the following gradient conditions: 0-50 min, 12 %-40 % (B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Meanwhile, this method was validated properly and successfully used to quantify the bioactive components of morroniside and hederacoside D in 20 sample batches and assess the quality of different ages and seasons of S. hexaphylla leaves. The result showed that the content of morroniside in the extract mixture of Cornus officinalis and S. hexaphylla leaves ranged from 1.38-1.62 mg/g, and the hederacoside D ranged from 28.42-32.02 mg/g, suggesting that this novel analytical method will be suitable for the quality control of the extract mixture to improve benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.662-673
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• 2012

This study introduces a condition diagnosis technique for a turbine governor system. The governor system is an important control system to handle turbine speed in a nuclear power plant. The turbine governor system includes turbine valves and stop valves which have their own functions in the system. Because a turbine governor system is operated by high oil pressure, it is very difficult to maintain under stable operating conditions. Turbine valves supply oil pressure to the governor system for proper operation. Using the pressure variation of turbine and governor valves, operating conditions of the turbine governor control system are detected and identified. To achieve automatic detection of valve status, time-based and frequency-based analysis is employed. In this study, a new approach, wavelet decomposition, was used to extract specific features from the pressure signals of the governor and stop valves. The extracted features, which represent the operating conditions of the turbine governor system, include important information to control and diagnose the valves. After extracting the specific features, decision rules were used to classify the valve conditions. The rules were generated by a decision tree algorithm (a typical simple method for data-based rule generation). The results given by the wavelet-based analysis were compared to detection results using time- and frequency-based approaches. Compared with the several related studies, the wavelet transform-based analysis, the proposed in this study has the advantage of easier application without auxiliary features.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 2022

A sudden pressure drop caused by the pressure relief valve acts as a strong noise source and propagates the compressible pressure fluctuation along the pipe wall, which becomes a excitation source of Acoustic Induced Vibration (AIV). Therefore, in this study, the numerical methodology is developed to evaluate the reduction effect of compressible pressure fluctuation due to curved pipe in the pressure relief valve system. To describe the acoustic wave caused by density fluctuation, unsteady compressible Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique, which is high accuracy numerical method, Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid scale model is applied. Wavenumber-frequency analysis is performed to extract the compressible pressure fluctuation component, which is propagated along the pipe, from the flow field, and it is based on the wall pressure on the upstream and downstream pipe from the curved pipe. It is shown that the plane wave and the 1st mode component in radial direction are dominant along the downstream direction, and the overall acoustic power was reduced by 3 dB through the curved pipe. From these results, the noise reduction effect caused by curved pipe is confirmed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2016

A effect of extraction methods, including stirrer extraction method (SE), ultrasonification extraction method (USE), reflux extraction method (RE), autoclave extraction (AE) and low temperature high pressure extraction (LE) method on the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of Oenothera biennis was investigated. The extraction yield (46.33%), total polyphenol (463.05 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (71.71 mg RHE/g) content of Oenothera biennis extract obtained by RE were higher than those from other extraction methods. The antimicrobial activity of Oenothera biennis extract was only observed against Bacillus cereus among other tested organisms (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium). Oenothera biennis obtained by RE showed the best DPPH radical scavenging ability (74.40%), ABTS radical scavenging ability (65.29%), reducing power (1.370 ($OD_{700}$)) and ferrous ion chelating ability (90.14%) compared with other tested extraction methods tested. The RE method was the most efficient method for extracting crude antioxidant and antimicrobial substances from Oenothera biennis. These results suggested that Oenothera biennis obtained by RE could be used as a bioactive and functional material in the food industry.