• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.525-542
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of parents' socio-economic resources on the class consciousness and life satisfaction of unmarried adult children living with their parents. Data from the 2^nd year (1999) and 22^nd year (2019) of the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS) were used. The study included individuals aged under 25-44 who were unmarried, lived with their parents, and had graduated out of final school. From the 2^nd year (1999), data for 491 people were extracted, and from the 22^nd year (2019), data for 978 people were extracted. The information on the fathers and mothers was obtained from the information on the households data, it was responded by the unmarried children. The main results are as follows. First, one of the characteristics of unmarried children living with their parents is that the average age was higher in 2019 than in 1999. Additionally, although they work and have their own income, they live in houses owned by their parents. Their levels of satisfaction with both the living environment and family relationships were high. It was found that the influence of parents' income increased in 2019 compared with 1999 in the class consciousness. As a factor that influences life satisfaction, the employment status of the father has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for men, whereas the employment status of the mother has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.13
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• pp.151-159
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to research into the relationship between the clothing purchase practices of high school girls in Seoul and their social stratification. For the survey of social stratification, the information of the monthly income of the households were extracted from the Annual Report of the City-Household in the Economic Planning Board : as for the occupations of patriarches, the groups of occupations were extracted from the Census of the Population & House in the Economic Planning Board and the types of occupations from the Korea Professional Dictionary in the Labor Ministry. The survey of clothing purchase practices is based on Ryan's Clothing: A Study in Human Behavior. The questionnaires were distributed to the seven girls' high schools in Seoul. The data from 354 respondents was analyzed by Pearsons'r, ANOVA and $x^2$ test. The Results were: 1. There was a significant relationship between clothing purchase practices variables and their social stratification. 2. There were differences in clothing purchase practices variables according to the social stratification. 3. There were significant relationships among the three clothing purchase practices variables.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.154-162
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• 2015

As there is no case study with current status, measurements or description on the state of actual site of rural area only, the delivery of actual conditions about such an area is significantly limited. The purpose of this study is to pinpoint issues with housing conditions of low-income family with disabled members in the rural area. For such a purpose, 25 households of disabled people have been visited for interview, on-site research and survey, of which results are summed up in this paper as following: First, average monthly income of such family turned out to be KRW 480,000, most of which is from the government subsidy. High ratio of such families has resided in a house with average size of approximately 56m2 for about 24 years. Secondly the most needed maintenance work with top priority was for the toilet, and many of the interviewees expressed their discomfort about small size of their bathrooms and inconvenient facilities therein. Thirdly, most of such houses had too high thresholds that posed danger and inconvenience. Such thresholds had average height of 13cm, which can be considered as completely inconsiderate of disabled users. Fourth issue was that these people needed safety handle that will enable them to stand up or to be in the standing posture in the living room and bedroom where they spend most of their time. Fifthly, they wanted finishing materials with waterproof functionality as well as replacement of finishing materials and wallpaper which were too old and caused hygiene issues. As these issues represent, current housing for disabled people in the rural area turned out to be poor and risky space rather than the place where difficulty of individual situation can be resolved or their disability can be complemented. Thus it can be determined that now is the time to arrange the solutions for such housing difficulties and to establish customized housing plan to ensure safety and convenience.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.68-86
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• 2007

This study was performed to explore the effect of customer satisfaction and switching barriers on customer royalties in medical services. 900 households, 1% sample were randomly selected from K city located in Kangwon province. Interview survey was performed with structured questionnaire for the entire people, 923 persons who experienced medical service utilization during one year before survey on time, september, 2002. In comparison of switching barriers by sociodemographic characteristics, lower income group and lower educated group showed the higher level of recognition level on availability of changing the service provider significantly. In terms of economic loss as one of switching barriers, the group of over aged 61, the lower income group and the lower educated group felt higher than other groups. Also, the time loss of switching barrier was recognized in 41-60 aged group and employee in service industry highly. For the perceived risk factor as another switching barrier, the high educated group showed the higher recognition level in performance risk and felt higher social risk than other groups. In analysis of customer satisfaction and loyalty levels by switching barrier components, the lower level of availability of changing the service provider and the higher level of recognition for economic and time loss, they showed the higher satisfaction and loyalty levels. In final step, multiple regression analysis showed the positive relationship between customer satisfaction, switching barrier and customer loyalties. Besides, the moderating effect of switching barrier in relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalties was significant and this results suggests that the influence of customer satisfaction to customer loyalties might be weakened in high level of recognition for switching barrier. In conclusion, perceived risk of economic and time loss as switching barrier is an important factor and should be considered in planning of marketing strategy carefully in terms of defensive marketing.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.103-122
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate what owners think of their housing and their community by scrutinizing households, thereby leading to a conclusion of how these communities have developed and the advantages they provide to their owners. This study was conducted by thoroughly interviewing one member from each of a total of 10 households living in apartments and villas in the Gangnamgu area of Seoul between August 5, 2008, and September 25, 2008. The results can be summarized as follows: First, all interviewees were female, within the range of 40 years to 50 years of age, and with high educational backgrounds. They were living in mid-level income or higher households but were characterized by frugal attitudes. Second, their households held a personal and familial meaning to them, one of providing replenishment, rest, and a place to share diverse feelings with their family. Certain factors such as being a convenient place for education, rising housing prices, a large area of greenery made possible by Yangjae Cheon, and so forth contributed to giving a special significance to their housings. The interviewees all thought the convenience of education and the rising housing prices in the Gangnam area were the most important factors. Third, the interviewees indicated the following sociocultural perspectives of Gangnam housings: They provide a good environment for education due to the densely clustered academies in the Daechi-dong area. There are many opportunities to meet neighbors with similar educational and economic backgrounds. There are vast areas of greenery such as Yangjae Cheon. There is access to highly advanced cultural and shopping facilities such as COEX, Seoul Arts Center, etc. There are no amusement centers located near the housing districts. There are convenient transportation methods and facilities. They are subject to jealous looks from people living outside the Gangnam area. Lastly, it seems that no significant community spirit exists among the dwellers of each apartment or villa. However, matters of self-interest such as construction problems, which contribute greatly to creating personal wealth, were exceptions when the dwellers united as a single household.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.601-610
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• 2022

Although the number of people insured by private health insurance in Korea is steadily increasing, the household burden or the status of multiple purchasing for private health insurance has not been addressed. In this study, data of the 2011-2018 Korea Health Panel Survey was used to examine the purchasing trend of Korean households' private health insurance. Households with more than three private health insurance per household member were defined as the 'poly-purchases'. The logit model was applied to analyze factors associated with poly-purchase of private health insurance using 2018 cross-sectional data. From 2011 to 2018, the number of insurances purchased by Korean households increased (4.0 to 4.6), the number of insurances per capita increased (1.3 to 1.6), and the proportion of the poly-purchasing households increased (5.2% to 10.8%). As a result of logit analysis, the probability of poly-purchasing was increased when the household head was a woman, with a high level of education and income, and when the job of the household head was a service or sales. Poly-purchasing was less likely when the family was subsidized with Medical Aids and suffered with more chronic diseases. The results of this study serve basic evidence for establishing policies regarding private health insurance, such as establishing the relationship between public and private insurance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2009

The objective of this research was to develop a rural settlement demand model to analyze the determinants of settlement demand of urban residents. The point aimed at from model development was deriving stated preference of potential consumers towards rural settlement through setting a hypothetical market, and using settlement subsidy as a surrogate variable for price in the demand model. The adequate demand model deducted from hypothetical market data was derived from the basis of Hanemann's utility difference theory. In the rural settlement demand model, willingness to accept was expressed by a function of settlement subsidy. Data utilized in the analysis was collected from surveys of households nationwide. According to inferred results of the demand model, settlement subsidy had a significant influence on increasing demand for rural settlement. A significant common element was found among variables affecting demand increase through demand curve shift. The majority group of those with high rural settlement demand sought agricultural activity as their main motive, due to harsh urban environments aggravated by unstable job market conditions. Subsequently, restriction of income opportunities in rural areas does not produce an entrance barrier for potential rural settlers. Moreover, this argument could be supported by the common trend of those with high rural settlement demand generally tending to have low incomes. Due to such characteristics of concerned groups of rural settlement demand, they tended to react susceptibly to the subsidy provided by the government and local autonomous entities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.163-176
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• 2013

This paper investigates housing defects and housing satisfaction of the aged according to the personal characteristics and their housing environment. Personal interview was made on the 280 senior persons living in Jeonbuk area. Research results are following. Low levels were found in education, self privately-owned property, monthly income. Most of them live in a detached house that is outdated and obsolete. The facility defects of housing were the most serious level in case of the female senior citizen who lives alone. Their house aging was old but had the high deviation among households. Main influencing factors on facility defects of housing were perceived economic status and ownership of house, the next was age of the aged. Main influencing factors on the housing satisfaction were perceived economic status. Housing satisfaction was higher, the better economic level of the aged was, male than female, the less the age was, in case of hot-water usage in bathroom, owner of houses, no difference in floor level, larger storage space of kitchen was. According to the empirical results, we propose the supporting policy of hosing safety for the aged in order to reduce the risk and social cost. Especially the rate of population aging, the aged household, and the detached houses are higher in Jeonbuk rural areas than the other area. Housing facility defects of the elder who lives alone and house aging of theirs are serious level. Local government should have supporting system that considers local difference and characteristics of the aged housing.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1990

The survey was conducted for the period from 25 th to 29 th July, 1990. The survey area were selected the mountain area in Kang Won Province. Intake of foods and nutrients of all members in the households surveyed by means of questionnaire was computed based on number of meals a day. On the other hand, daily intake of nutrients by an individual was calculated by sex, age and type of work based on the conversion rate of RDA (Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances for Adult). 1. Status of food intake. The average food intake per person per day in surveyed area was 1103.49 g. The total intake of food was consisted of 44.17% grains, 23.31% vegetables, 10.66% fruits, respectively. These findings led us to the conclusion that people in the surveyed area depended heavily on plant foods. 2. Status of nutrient intake, 1) The average intake of Calorie was 2567.54 Cal Per day, which was slightly higher than 2500 Cal of RDA. 2) The average Intake of protein was 82.92g per day, which was higher than 70g of RDA. Though the quantity was above the RDA, it was largely from plant foods 3) The average intake of calcium was 383.93 mg per day, which was much lower than 500 mg of RDA. 4) The average intake of iron was 11.88 me per day, which was nearly the same quantity as 10 mg of RDA. 5) Intake of vitamin group were high among the inhabitants than recommended by RDA 3. The Kinds of food intake The kinds of food intake in surveyed area were totally 66 different kinds. 4. Economic status. As for the education level, almost of the food handlers finished the primary school and the average monthly income was 364,600 in surveyed area. Households used gas(100%) for fuel.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-122
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• 2001

This study compared and analyzed the effect of income-redistribution, collecting data on the basis of the estimated details of insurance contribution and individual money wage lists for each one year before and after the combination of medical insurance program for industrial workers, by systematic sampling, extracting 4,160 families(14,764 people) among people applied to medical insurance program for self employees in Taegu City on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 with 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees and medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers combined, comparing the effect of income redistribution of before and after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees. The insurance contribution by household after the combination of medical insurance program for self employees showed the increase rate of average 20.9%, among them households of 68.8% increased and 31.2% decreased. The effect of income-redistribution was more positive because the degree of inequality was more deepened from 0.64 of the before-combination to 0.45 of the after-one in decile distribution ratio, from 0.26 to 0.34 in Gini -coefficient. Decile distribution ratio on the basis of insurance benefits by household was from 0.09 in the before-combination to 0.14 in the after-one, Gini-coefficient from 0.16 in the before-combination to 0.57 in the after-one was a little lowered. And decile distribution ratio of insurance benefits on the basis of insurance contribution was higher from 1.08 in the before-combination to 1.23 in the after-one, concentration index was a little lowered from 0.14 to 0.11, the effect of income-redistribution was improved in the phase of insurance benefits. The income-transfer rate of medical insurance program for self employees (the occupied rate of insurance benefits/ the occupied rate of insurance contribution) showed a lower trend in all of the before and after-combination towards upper classes, it was known that the income-transfer rate was higher from 1st degree to 7th degree in the after-combination in comparison with the before-one, but the effect of income¬redistribution was high because the income-transfer rate was lowered from 8th degree to 10th degree. The rate of medical insurance benefits (insurance benefits/ insurance contribution) increased from 0.79 in the before-combination to 1.07 in the after-one, and showed over 1.0 under 3th degree before the combination, but all of it was higher than 1.0 under 7th degree after the combination, the after-combination was more improved than the before-one in view of the rate of insurance benefits. As the result of above, on the basis of Oct. 1st in 1998 that 227 associations of medical insurance program for self employees was combined into one, we could say that the equality of imposing medical insurance contribution was more re-considered in the after-combination than in the before-one. But this study analyzed with classes divided, anyway, on the basis of insurance contribution, we have limit in explaining the correct effect of income-redistribution, because it was not analyzed according to classes of income, though it helps to analogize the effect of income-redistribution. So there must be analysis about the effect of income-redistribution, on the basis of the system, building up the system to grasp the correct income of the insureds of medical insurance program for self employees.