• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1986

The prensent study was aimed to explore the reality of the low-income consumers problem by the comparison among five income classes. Specifically, this study was intended to (1) compare the levels of consumer skill, market risk, and consumer problem among the five income classes, (2) examine the relationship between consumer problem and consumer skill, and the relationship between consumer problem and market risk, and (3) search the types of consumer problems that each income class consumers might experience the most often. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionaire on 525 home managers in Seoul. The deta were analyzed by ANOVA and DMR test. The major findings were as follows; First, the consumer skill was the poorest in the low-income consumers. There was curvilinear relationship between consumer skill and income level. Second, the market risk was the highest in the low-income consumers. Market risk had a negative linear relationship with income level. Third, consumer problem was the most serious in the low-income consumers and was the least serious in the middle-income consumers. Fourth, the lower consumer skill and the higher market risk the consumers had, the more consumer problems they tended to experience. Finally, the low-income consumers had relatively more difficulties in door-to-door sale and inferior goods problem than the middle and the high-income consumers. On the other hand, the latter experienced relatively more difficulties in false and misleading advertising, overcharge, unfair bargain, and warrenty-repair-exchange problem than the former. Taken together, the research hypotheses were well supported in this study. It was suggested that the quality and the quantity of the low-income consumers problem were different from those of the middle-and the high-income consumers problem.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.159-172
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• 1999

Relationships between socio-demographic variables and parents' education invest-ment motivation variables and extra-class private education expenditures were examined using a sample of 602 households in Inchon Korea. Tobit analysis was used. Singal-cognitive motivation parents' duty motivation household income housing asset father's occupation class and number of children had significant effects on extra-class private education expenditures on general high school students. To alleviate overspending in extra-class private education diploma pursuing society has to be changed and formal school education need to be properly functioning. Finally parents seek new child education paradigm for the creative labor demand in the next millenium.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.17-47
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• 2016

이 글은 노동시간의 소득계층별 차이와 분포 및 추이를 드러내고 정책적 함의를 도출한다. 노동시간을 주변적시간제, 시간제, 표준노동시간, 장시간으로 구분하고 소득분위별 상대분포를 비교한 결과, 소득 하위 20%는 주변적시간제 내지 시간제일자리에, 소득 2분위에서 4분위까지 60% 가량이 장시간 노동에, 상위 20%는 표준시간노동에 종사하였다. 한국의 노동시간은 단시간-저소득의 유형I, 장시간-중위소득의 유형II, 표준시간-고소득의 유형III으로 계층화된다. 노동시간 유형에 대한 패널 다항로짓 분석결과 월평균 임금을 기준으로 저임금-단시간, 중위임금-장시간, 고임금-표준시간의 유형이, 시간당 임금을 기준으로 저임금-초장시간, 중위임금-장시간, 고임금-표준시간 유형이 확인되었다. 시간당임금 및 월임금, 비정규직 비율, 직업군, 연령대를 중심으로 노동시간의 계층화가 심화되었다. 소득 하위 20%에 대해서는 최저임금 인상, 중위소득 60%를 포함한 다수의 노동자에 대해서는 노동시간 단축을 통한 고용창출이 유효한 전략이 될 수 있다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.437-463
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• 2013

양극화와 세대간 계층재생산이 한국 사회의 심각한 사회문제로 여겨지는 상황에서, 동질적인 부모의 배경, 동일한 소득계층, 동일한 학력 간에 끼리끼리 이루어지는 동질혼의 증가가 사회적 주목을 받고 있다. 동질혼의 증가가 사회 이동의 폐쇄성을 강화함으로써 불평등을 심화시키고 세대간 계층 이동을 제한시킬 것이라는 우려 때문이다. 이 연구는 동질혼의 개념을 구성하는 부부의 성취적 특성 및 부모의 귀속적 특성이 가구의 경제적 상태를 대표하는 소득, 소비, 자산에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 있다. 이를 통하여 한국 사회의 세대내 불평등 및 세대간 계층이동성에 영향을 미치는 동질혼의 역할에 대한 실증적 이해에 기여하고자 하였다. 동질혼이 소득과 소비, 그리고 자산에 미치는 영향에 관한 다중회귀분석 결과, 동질혼의 성취적 특성으로는 고학력 동질혼이 소득과 소비 수준을 증가시키는 요인으로 나타났으며, 동질혼의 귀속적 특성으로는 아버지들의 교육적 동질혼이 자산수준을 증가시키는 요인으로 나타났다. 소득과 소비에는 동질혼의 성취적 특성이 영향을 미치는 반면, 자산에는 동질혼의 귀속적 특성이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 세대간 이전이 소득보다 자산을 중심으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 발견하였다. 특히 20-30대 젊은 부부에게는 귀속적 특성이 자산에 대해서만 유의미한 영향을 미친다는 점도 밝혀졌다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine whether health status is different according to employment status and income level in wage-earners. We analyzed wage-earners of 2199 men and 1194 women aged 30-64 years, using data from the 2006 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The difference of health status according to employment status and income level was compared with the multiple logistic regression and the standardized concentration index of ill-health. The risk of ill-health was high when waged-earners had low income. The same is true for poor employment status when their employment status was unstable as in manual laborers, irregular workers, temporary, daily workers or part-time workers. furthermore, the wage-earners with lower income and a relatively disadvantageous employment status showed the lowest health status compared to other groups. Ill-health was relatively more concentrated in lower income group and poor employment status. This study identified the existence of health inequality among various employment status of wage-earners. It is suggested that policies that deal with the inequality in social class may have an important impact on the health of the population.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.502-516
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• 2014

본 연구는 한국노동패널을 이용하여 지니계수를 분해와 패널분석을 통해 부동산소득이 가구 소득불평등에 미치는 영향을 실증분석하였다. 공간적 범위를 전국, 수도권, 비수도권으로 나누었고 글로벌금융위기 전 후로 기간을 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 첫째, 전기간을 전국, 수도권, 비수도권으로 나누어 지니계수 분해를 이용해 소득 원천별로 나누어 살펴본 결과, 총소득에서 전국과 수도권은 부동산소득이 차지하는 절대적, 상대적 기여도가 가장 크게 나타난 반면 비수도권은 근로소득이 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 전국과 수도권은 부동산소득이 가구 소득불평등을 가장 심화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 금융위기 이후기간이 이전기간에 비해 가구 소득불평등에 부동산소득이 영향을 덜 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 글로벌금융위기 이전에는 부동산가격이 급등을 하여 가구 소득불평등을 심화시켰으나 이후기간에는 가격하락으로 수익성이 악화돼 일시적으로 약화된 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 상관관계분석에서 가구주 연령이 높고 고졸미만의 학력의 가구는 다른 가구에 비해 가구총소득이 낮을 것이며, 원천별 소득 특히 근로소득이 높을수록 가구 총소득이 상대적으로 높았다. 넷째, 수도권과 비수도권 지역으로 구분한 가구소득 결정요인을 패널분석한 결과를 비교하면 근로소득, 금융소득과 기타소득의 영향은 비수도권지역이 수도권지역에 비해 높은 반면 부동산소득의 영향은 수도권지역이 비수도권지역에 비해 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 정부는 소득불평등을 줄이기 위해서 고소득층에 세금을 강화하고 저소득층에 대한 세금 감면을 할 수 있는 정책적 배려가 필요하며 다양한 일자리 창출을 위한 노력을 기울여야 한다. 또한 자산보유를 통해 창출하는 소득의 비중이 높아질수록 소득불평등이 악화하는 경향이 있는 만큼 부동산가격 안정화에 중점을 두면서 지역별 차별성을 두고 정책을 수립 집행할 필요성이 있다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.525-542
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of parents' socio-economic resources on the class consciousness and life satisfaction of unmarried adult children living with their parents. Data from the 2^nd year (1999) and 22^nd year (2019) of the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS) were used. The study included individuals aged under 25-44 who were unmarried, lived with their parents, and had graduated out of final school. From the 2^nd year (1999), data for 491 people were extracted, and from the 22^nd year (2019), data for 978 people were extracted. The information on the fathers and mothers was obtained from the information on the households data, it was responded by the unmarried children. The main results are as follows. First, one of the characteristics of unmarried children living with their parents is that the average age was higher in 2019 than in 1999. Additionally, although they work and have their own income, they live in houses owned by their parents. Their levels of satisfaction with both the living environment and family relationships were high. It was found that the influence of parents' income increased in 2019 compared with 1999 in the class consciousness. As a factor that influences life satisfaction, the employment status of the father has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for men, whereas the employment status of the mother has a positive effect on the life satisfaction for women.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.311-327
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• 2009

This study was performed to determine the health and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in Koreans over the age of 50 in a high-income class (more than twice as much family income as the 2005 Korean minimum cost of living, 668,540 Won). A total of 505 subjects aged over 50 from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were divided into two groups: A hypertension group (HG) (N=151, Systolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$140 mmHg or Diastolic Blood Pressure ${\geq}$90 mmHg) and normal group (NG) (N=354). Subjects who took hypertension medicines or underwent diet therapy were excluded. In HG, mean daily alcohol intake and the amount of alcohol consumption per one occasion were significantly higher than in NG, respectively. A greater number of hypertension subjects answered that they drank alcohol to reduce stress as compared to normal subjects. HG also took fewer dietary supplements than NG. Mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood sugar level, and 2 hour postprandial blood sugar following a glucose load were significantly higher in HG than in NG, respectively. Also, iron, thiamin, and niacin intakes and the consumption frequency of seaweeds were significantly lower in HG than in NG, respectively. Finally, obesity (BMI ${\geq}$25 $kg/m^2$), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}$90 cm for males, ${\geq}$ 80 cm for females), high blood sugar level 2 hours after an oral glucose load (${\geq}$140~200 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemia (serum TG ${\geq}$200 mg/dl) were related to a significantly higher risk of hypertension in the subjects (odds ratio: 1.884~3.040). In conclusion, dietary factors such as higher alcohol consumption; lower intakes of iron, thiamin, and niacin; lower consumption frequency of seaweeds; and metabolic syndrome were associated with hypertension in the study subjects.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to classify the type of the Korean document chest, mungab through the literature and market survey and to investigate the preference on characteristics of the mungab. It also attempts to find out the aesthetic perception of the type of mungab by using semantic differential scales. A pilot study was conducted to select the types and pictures of the mungab. Three types and six pictures of mungab were selected. Six hundred homemakers of middle and upper class residing in seoul area were selected for the survey and 449 among them were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The major findings are as follows: 1) The esult of pilot test, the presentative characteristics of mungab were classified into naive type, unique type, and elaborate type. 2) it was found that the modernized style of traditional mungab was wood grain and the next one was Najonchiligi. In the characteristics of decoration which was symbolic pattern, Shi-Jang-Saeng was predominant. In wanting style when they buy, the modernized style of traditional Korean chest was predominant, too. 3) Young and low income group preferred modern style using transparent paint and Sa-Goon-Ja, letters in the symbolic patterns of decoration. Old and high income group preferred traditional style using splendid and expensive materials and Ship Jang Saeng in the symbolic decoration. 4) compared with types of mungab in aesthetic perception, modern style of the traditional mungab was evaluated more positively than traditional style. The young and low income group perceived the naive type and unique type positively, but the old and high income group perceived the elaborate type the most positively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2006

Objectives: We examined whether the neighborhood socioeconomic position predicts the smoking rates after adjusting for individual socioeconomic position indicators. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2001 Seoul Health Indicators Survey. The neighborhood socioeconomic position was the residential distribution of the high class (power elites), as measured by the location quotients (LQ) for each administrative dong (district). A high LQ denotes a high neighborhood socioeconomic status. The individual socioeconomic position included education, occupation and income. Age-adjusted smoking rates according to the LQ level were computed with the direct method. The total number of subjects in this study (26,022 men and 28,007 women) was the reference. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted with the individuals at the first level and the neighborhoods at the second level to estimate the odds ratios of smoking with 95% confidence intervals. Results: For men, the age-adjusted smoking rates increased with a decrease in the LQ. For women, the relationship between the age-adjusted smoking rate and the LQ was not clear. The odds of smoking for both genders were greater among those subjects with lower incomes and lower education. The manual occupational class had greater odds of smoking than the non-manual class for the males, while the odds ratio of smoking among females with a manual occupation tended to be lower than those females with a non-manual occupation. For the males, the LQ levels independently predicted smoking after adjustment for individual income. However, this relation between the LQ and smoking in males was explained by full adjustment for the individual socioeconomic position indicators (education, occupation and income). Conclusions: A low level of neighborhood socioeconomic position was associated with higher smoking rates among the men residing in Seoul. This association between the neighborhood socioeconomic position and smoking in men was explained by the individual socioeconomic position. Anti-smoking efforts to reduce geographical inequality in smoking should be directed at reducing the smoking rates between the individuals with different socioeconomic backgrounds in the metropolitan city of Seoul, South Korea.