• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.883-895
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of a fatty acid-balanced oil, instead of soybean oil, on reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indexes, milk composition in lactating sows, and fecal microbial composition in piglets. Methods: Twenty-four sows (Landrace×Yorkshire, mean parity 4.96) were randomly allotted to two treatments with twelve pens per treatment and one sow per pen based on their backfat thickness and parity. The experiment began on day 107 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation, lasting for 28 days. The control group (CG) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 2% soybean oil and the experimental group (EG) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fatty acid-balanced oil. Results: The fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy in sows. The lower (p<0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels of sows were observed in the EG on day 21 of lactation. Dietary supplementation with the fatty acid-balanced oil decreased the fat content, increased the immunoglobulin G level, and changed (p<0.05) some fatty acid content in milk. Moreover, the fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation changed (p<0.05) the fecal microbial composition of piglets, where the average relative abundance of Spirochaetota was decreased (p<0.05) by 0.55% at the phylum level, and the average relative abundance of some potentially pathogenic fecal microorganism was decreased (p<0.05) at the species level. Conclusion: The fatty acid-balanced oil improved nutrient digestibility, changed the serum biochemical indices and milk composition of sows, and ameliorated the fecal microbial composition of piglets.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2009

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease that affects extracellular matrix remodeling. Recently, several studies have reported that cathepsin S is involved in obesity. Both mouse and human adipose cells produce this enzyme in the early phase of adipocyte differentiation, where it degrades fibronectin. Cathepsin S gene expression is elevated in the adipose tissue of obese mice as compared to that of lean mice. Paecilomyces tenuipes water extracts (PTW) are shown to have an inhibitory effect on cathepsin S activity. In this study, Z-Val-Val-Arg-MCA was used as a cathepsin S-specific substrate in order to examine inhibitory effect of PTW. Supplementing 3T3-L1 cell media with PTW clearly reduced lipid droplet accumulation and cathepsin S-induced adipogenesis. Furthermore, PTW decreased weight gain, subcutaneous adipose tissue growth, the level of serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice fed a high-fat diet. These data suggest that PTW work against adipose cathepsin S and presumably contribute to anti-obese activities.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric data, nutrient intakes and serum profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal women living in Gyeonggi-do Province, Republic of Korea. The subjects were 49 premenopausal women and 63 postmenopausal women who are not taking any hormone or cardiovascular drugs. Anthropometric measurements were taken by a trained practitioner and the data for dietary intakes were obtained by a 24-hour recall method. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for the total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and lipoprotein fractions. The mean age of the premenopausal women was $45.17{\pm}3.28$ years and that of the postmenopausal women was 2$62.5{\pm}4.14$ years. The height and weight were $157.86{\pm}$4.35 cm, $58.75{\pm}6.01$ kg in premenopausal women and $156.42{\pm}3.62$ cm, $57.63{\pm}5.38$ kg in postmenopausal women, respectively. WHR (waist hip ratio) in postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women (p<0.05). There were no differences between the pre-and postmenopausal women in the intakes of energy, protein, fat, Ca, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin E. However carbohydrate and Na intakes in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, Ca intake was below and Na intake was extremely high considering KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans). Serum triglyceride in postmenopausal women was positively correlated with age, BMI (body mass index) and WHR. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in postmenopausal women showed significantly negative correlations with fiber intake. These results suggest that it is necessary to help postmenopausal women maintain a healthy body weight. Postmenopausal women needs to increase Ca (calcium) intakes and diet quality by decreasing the intakes of Na (sodium). In addition, an adequate intakes of fiber is recommended for postmenopausal women to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.720-725
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• 2003

천마의 분말과 50% 에탄올 및 열수추출물이 돼지기름(lard 10%)을 첨가한 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 체중증가율, 혈청지질과 테스토스테론농도, 혈당치 및 정소상체지방패드(EFP) 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험기간 중 체중증가율은 식이군간 통계적인 차이는 없었지만 대조군(A, B)과 열수추출물군(G)이 높았고, 그 외 천마식이군은 비슷하였다. 장기무게는 식이군간에 통계적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 혈청지질중 TC와 TG농도는 두 대조군이 가장 높았고, 열수추출물군(H)이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). HDL농도는 천마식이군중 50% 에탄올추출물군(E)이 가장 높았고 A군이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). LDL+VLDL농도는 A군이 가장 높았고 천마식이군에서는 50% 에탄올추출물군(E)와 열수추출물군(G, H)이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 테스토스테론농도는 식이군간에 통계적인 차이는 나타나지 않았지만 천마군중에서는 E군, D군 및 H군이 높았고 대조군을 포함한 다른 천마군은 비슷하였다. 혈당치는 B군과 G군이 식이군 중 통계적으로 가장 높았고 H군은 통계적으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 체지방의 축적정도를 나타내는 EFP무게는 두 대조군이 천마식이군 보다 유의하게 높았고 분말군(C, D)과 열수추출물군(H)이 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼 때 천마 분말 보다 50% 에탄올추출물 2 brix군(E)과 열수추출물 10 brix군(H)이 고지방식이를 급여함에도 혈청지질과 체지방의 축적을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났고 혈청 테스토스테론농도도 E군이 통계적인 유의성은 없었지만 식이군 중 가장 높았다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Groundwater is believed to possess many beneficial effects due to its natural source of various minerals. In this study, we examined the effects of natural Jeju groundwater S1 (Samdasoo$^{TM}$), S2 and S3 pumped up from different locations of Jeju Island, Korea, along with local tap water, on body weight gain, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and liver histopathology in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups. Different water samples were supplied to the hyperlipidemic rats as their daily drinking water and the widely-used anti-hyperlipidemic drug simvastatin was used as a positive control. Body weight, serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured weekly. Liver weight, liver index and liver histopathology were examined after the execution of the rats. RESULTS: After drinking Jeju groundwaters for two months, S2 but not S3 significantly reduced weight growth and serum triglycerides levels and increased high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) without affecting total cholesterol or LDL-C. S1 and particularly S2 significantly reduced the severity of liver hypertrophy and steatosis. All Groundwaters had much higher contents of vanadium (S3>S2>S1>>tap water) whereas S1 and S2 but not S3 markedly blocked autoxidation of ferrous ions. CONCLUSION: Jeju Groundwater S1 and particularly S2 exhibit protective effects against hyperlipidemia and fatty liver and hypothesize that the beneficial effect of Jeju Groundwaters may be contributed from blockade of autoxidation of ferrous ions rather than their high contents of vanadium.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1357-1368
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 청국장의 항비만 및 항염증 효과를 알아보고자 C57BL/6 마우스에 고지방식이를 13주감 섭취시켜 비만을 유도한 후에 고지방 식이에 청국장을 10% 첨가하여 항비만과 항염증 활성을 확인하였다. 고지방식이를 통해 비만이 유도된 mice (HFD)에 고지방식이와 함께 청국장을 첨가하여 섭취한 그룹(CGJ)의 체중 증가율은 고지방식이군과 비교하였을 때 현저하게 감소하였을 뿐만 아니라 정상식이군보다도 유의적으로 감소하였으며 혈중 TG, TC, glucose, insulin, AST와 ALT 분비는 감소하였고 adiponectin의 수치는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 H&E와 Oil red O staining을 통해 13주 동안 고지방식이를 통해 유도된 지방 간의 심각정도가 청국장의 섭취로 인하여 감소한 것을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 간세포는 대식세포, T세포와 같은 면역시스템의 세포들을 포함하고 있는데 비만으로 유도된 간 조직의 염증반응에 청국장이 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 FACS 분석을 수행하였다. CGJ군은 HFD군에 비하여 T cell의 침윤과 대식세포의 축적, 호중구의 유입이 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 간 조직으로 침윤된 면역세포의 증가가 간 조직 내 염증반응을 유도하는지 확인하기 위해 염증성 cytokine의 수준을 조사한 결과 간과 지방 조직에서 염증성 cytokine인 MCP-1과 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현이 감소하였으며 지방합성에 관여하는 $PPAR-{\gamma}$, SREBP-1와 $CEBP/{\alpha}$의 mRNA 발현 역시 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 청국장이 면역 시스템과 지방생성 전사 인자들의 발현에 관여함으로써 adipogenesis를 조절함과 동시에 염증 억제 효과를 가진다는 사실을 증명하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2018

본 연구는 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물을 가지고 제작된 임상시험용제품(CNTM)이 3T3-L1 지방세포 및 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 쥐에 미치는 항비만 효능 관찰을 통하여 체지방 개선 기능성식품을 개발하기위하여 인체적용시험 시료를 제작한 후, 인체적용시험전에 그 효력이 유지됨을 확인하기위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 시료 CNTM은 $80{\sim}320{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 세포독성이 관찰되지 않았으며, 지방 축적억제 효능 및 지방세포 분화, 지질대사 관련 유전인자들을 유의적으로 변화시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 동물실험에서 CNTM 처리에 의하여 체중의 감소를 확인하였으며 혈중지질 성분 가운데 HDL-C/TC의 비율은 유의적으로 증가하며 LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)과 non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)의 비율은 유의적으로 감소하여 혈중 유리지방산 농도를 감소시키며 혈중 콜레스테롤 상승을 억제시키고 혈당을 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 고려엉겅퀴 주정추출물이 함유된 인체적용시험시료(CNTM)는 체지방 개선에 우수한 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out how changes in body shape of obese patients could be affected by the combined management of diet and psychotherapy along with exercise therapy to control energy imbalance, the cause of obesity. Methods : In this study, the aerobic exercise program was conducted on 12 industrial workers of "D" company for a total of eight weeks for obese patients with a high body mass index (25 kg/㎡ or higher). The experimental group did not apply the program three times a week. The body type analysis was carried out using the body analyzer (Inbody 770, Inbody, Korea) and blood test and psychological test were performed after 8 weeks of exercise before and after exercise. Results : The results of the group showed a change in weight loss of 6.03 kg (p=.000) on average, which is nearly 10 % of the change in weight. It was also shown that the BMI (body mass index) decreased by 1.76 kg/㎡ (p=.000). Abdominal fat (AO) is also 0.14 % (p=.000), waist circumference (WC, 12.72 cm, p=.000), internal fat (VF, 25.12 %, p=.000), liver function levels AST (5.47 U/L, p=.04), ALT (13.64 U/L, p=.000), total cholesterol, pTC -14.22. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, the obesity management program will be able to maximize the effects of obesity control if exercise programs and psychotherapy are combined.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2006

This study was conducted to provide foundation data for making health care policy for married women by assessing the dietary intake between highly educated married, employed and unemployed women. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study with 24-hour recall method for one day. In selecting the subjects for this study, married, unemployed women were selected from a certain area (Daedeok Science Town) in Daejeon where there are high rates of highly educated women, and the married, employed women were selected from the teaching profession in order to avoid confounding due to including a variety of jobs. According to the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations, teaching is the representational occupation of highly educated, married women. Then, to prevent confounding due to age, we selected the subjects out of each age group at the same rate through random sampling. Women who had not graduated college, worked only part-time, or had no current spouse were excluded. As a result, 486 highly-educated, married, unemployed (250) and employed (236) women were used for analyzing data. The unemployed women consumed a higher amount of fat, cholesterol, sodium, vitamin C and folic acid while the employed women consumed a higher amount of iron, vitamin $B_l$ and vitamin $B_2$. P/M/S ratio being 1/1.18/1.05 and 1/1.05/0.87, for the unemployed women and the employed women, respectively, unemployed respondents had a higher saturated fat intake than those of employed. It is in excess of the standard ratio (1/1/1) of the Korean RDA. At the same time, in unemployed respondents the percent of energy intake from fat (24.8%, 23.2%) and animal fat (12.4%, 11.4%) were higher than those of employed respondents. The mean daily nutrient intake of calcium, zinc, and iron for both groups of respondents were lower than the Korean RDA. Both groups had phosphorus as the highest nutrient and calcium as the lowest nutrient of INQ (Index of Nutritional Quality) while nutrients with the INQ being less than 1 were calcium and iron. To sum up, the following conclusions can be made: Nutrition education and guidance for reduction of the intake of fat, especially animal fat, are necessary for unemployed women. In addition, highly educated, married, unemployed and employed women should increase the consumption of foods rich in iron and calcium to prevent anemia and osteoporosis, while decreasing the intake of phosphorus to balance proportions of calcium and phosphorus.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.669-676
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• 2004

본 연구는 젖산균과 효모에 의해 발효처리한 감귤의 기능적 특성을 파악하고자 수행되었다. 발효감귤 추출물의 항산화도는 발효하지 않은 감귤 추출물과 비교할 때 뚜렷하게 증가하였다. 또한, 대조구와 비교할 때 발효처리한 감귤 추출물에서 플라보노이드 조성변화가 나타났으며, 각각 naringenin, hesperetin의 농도가 증가하였다. 감귤은 발효처리와 상관없이 HepG2 세포의 세포사멸 보호효과를 나타내었으나, 발효처리구에서 세포사멸 보호효과와 ROS(Reactive oxygen species) 생성 감소효과가 더욱 차별적으로 나타났다. 수컷의 Sprague-Dawley rat에 감귤 추출물과 발효감귤 추출물을 경구 투여하였다, 체중은 다른 실험군에 비해 발효감귤 추출물의 고농도 투여(100 mg/kg 체중)에서 유의적으로 감소하였고 혈장 콜레스테롤 함량은 다소 감소하였으나, 다른 실험구에 비하여 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 고지방 식이에 의해 유도된 지방간 형성은 발효 감귤 추출물 투여에 의해 유의하게 감소되었다. 본 연구 결과는 발효 감귤 추출물은 세포수준에서 감귤추출물에 비해 증강된 세포 사멸 보호효과와 항산화 효과를 나타내며, 동물실험에서는 고 지방 식이에 의해 유도된 지방간 형성을 저해하는 효과를 보여 주었다.