Browse > Article

Fermentation of Citrus unshiu Marc. and Functional Characteristics of the Fermented Products  

Moon, Sang-Wook (Technology Innovation Center for Life Science, Cheju National University)
Kang, Shin-Hae (Technology Innovation Center for Life Science, Cheju National University)
Jin, Young-Joon (Technology Innovation Center for Life Science, Cheju National University)
Park, Ji-Gweon (Technology Innovation Center for Life Science, Cheju National University)
Lee, Young-Don (Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Cheju National University)
Lee, Young-Ki (School of Medicine, Cheju National University)
Park, Deok-Bae (School of Medicine, Cheju National University)
Kim, Se-Jae (Technology Innovation Center for Life Science, Cheju National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology / v.36, no.4, 2004 , pp. 669-676 More about this Journal
Abstract
Functional characteristics of citrus products fermented with lactic acid bacterium and yeast were investigated. Flavonoid composition of fermented citrus extracts increased significantly compared to control, leading to increases of naringenin and hesperetin concentrations. All citrus extracts showed anti-apoptotic effects in HepG2 cells regardless of fermentation, with citrus-fermented products showing greater anti-apoptotic effect and intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species content reduction compared to native citrus extracts. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally dosed with native or fermented citrus extracts. Singnificantly higher body weight reductions were observed in higher fermented citrus-dosed (100 mg/kg body weight) group compared to the other groups. Plasma total cholesterol level was slightly, but not significantly, reduced. Fatty liver formation induced by high-fat diet was significantly suppressed in rats administered with fermented citrus extracts. Results suggest fermented citrus extracts have potent anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative activities in vitro, and inhibitory activity against fatty liver formation by high-fat diet in vivo.
Keywords
citrus; fermentation; flavonoids; anti-apoptotic effects; ROS; hepatoprotective activity;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Bok SH, Lee SH, Park YB, Bae KH, Son KH, Jeong TS, Choi MS. Plasma and hepatic cholesterol and hepatic activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and acyl CoA: choles-terol transferase are lower in rats fed citrus peel extract or a mix-ture of citrus bioflavonoids. J. Nutr. 29: 1182-1185 (1999)
2 Francis AR, Shetty TK, Bhattacharya RK. Modulating effect of plant flavonoids on the mutagenecity of N-methyl-N-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine. Carcinogenesis 10: 1953-1955 (1989)   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Kim CJ. Screening of Physiologically Active Substance. Jayou Academy, Seoul, Korea. pp. 325-338 (1996)
4 Kim DH, Jung EA, Sohng IS, Han JA, Kim TH, Han MJ. Intestinal bacteria metabolism of flavonoids and its relation to some biological activities. Arch. Pharm. Res. 21: 17-23 (1998)   DOI
5 Yoshio S. Bactericidal, paramedicidal and spermatocidal actions of some flavonoids. GifuIka Daigaku Kiyo 10: 123-130 (1963)
6 Hosoda K, Noguchi M, Chen YP, Hsu HY. Studies on the preparation and evaluation of Kijitsu, the immature citrus fruits. IV. Biological activities of immature fruits of different citrus species. Yakugaku Zasshi 111: 188-192(1991)   DOI
7 Galley P, Thiollet M. A double blind placebo controlled trial of a new venoactive flavonoids fraction in the treatment of symptomatic capillary. Int. Angiol. 12: 69-72 (1993)
8 Kurata Y, Fukushima S, Hagiwara A, Ito H, Ogawa K, Ito N. Carcinogenicity study of methyl hesperidin in B6C3F1 mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 28: 613-618 (1990)   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Kim HK, Jeong TS, Lee MK, Park YB, Choi MS. Lipid-lowering efficacy of hesperetin metabolites in high-cholesterol fed rats. Clin. Chim. Acta 327: 129-137 (2003)   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
10 Kurowska EM, Borradaile NM, Spence MD, Carroll KK.Hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary citrus juices in rabbits. Nutr. Res. 20: 121-129 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Seo HJ, Jeong KS, Lee MK, Park YB, Jung U, Kim HJ, Choi MS. Role of naringin supplement in regulation of lipid and ethanol metabolism in rats. Life Sci. 73: 993-946 (2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Chen YT, Zheng RL, Jia ZJ, Ju Y. Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 9: 19-21 (1990)
13 Guthrie N, Carroll KK. Inhibition of mammary cancer by citrus flavonoids. pp. 227-236. In: Flavonoids in the Living System. Manthey JA, Buslig BS (eds). Plenum, New York, NY, USA (1998)
14 Chung SK, Kim SH, Choi YH, Song EY, Kim SH. Status of citrus fruit production and view of utilization in Cheju. Food Ind. Nutr. 5(2): 42-52 (2000)
15 Kawashima K, Nakaura S, Usami M, Yamaguchi M, Tanaka S, Takanaka A, Omori Y. Effect of methyl hesperidin on prenatal developments of rats. Bull. Natl. Inst. Hyg. Sci. Tokyo. 104: 64-68 (1986)
16 Kurowska EM, Spence JD, Jordan J, Wetmore S, Freeman DJ, Piche LA, Serratore P. HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subects with hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: 1095-1100 (2000)   DOI
17 Guengerich FP, Kim DM. In vitro inhibition of dihydropyridine oxidation and aflatoxin B1 activation in human liver microsomes by naringenin and other flavonoids. Carcinogenesis 11: 2275-2279 (1990)   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Bok SH, Shin YW, Bae KH, Jeong TS, Kwon YK, Park YB, Choi MS. Effects of naringin and lovastatin on plasma and hepatic lipids in high-fat and high-cholesterol red rats. Nutr. Res. 20: 1007-1015 (2000)   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Han SS, Lee CK, Kim YS. Antimicrobial effects of naringenin alone and in combination with related flavonoids. Yakhak Hoeji 35: 407-411 (1992)
20 Cook NC, Samman S. Flavonoids-chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. J. Nutr. Biochem. 7: 66-76 (1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Emim JA, Oliviera AB, Lapa AJ. Pharmacological evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of a citrus bioflavonoid, hesperidin, and the isoflavonoids, duartin and claussequinone, in rats and mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46: 118-122 (1994)   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Galati EM, Monforte MT, Kirjavainen S, Foestieri AM, Trovato A, Tripodo MM. Biological effects of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoids (Note 1): Anti inflammatory and analgestic activity. Pharmacology 40: 709-712 (1994)
23 AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC Intl. 15th ed. Method 994. Association of Official Analytical Communities, Washigton, DC, USA (1990)
24 Damon P, Flandre O, Michel F, Perdrix L, Lavrid C, Crastes de Paulet A. Effect of chronic treatment with a purified flavonoid fraction on inflammatory granuloma in the rat. Study of prostag-landin E2 and $F2\alpha$ and thromboxane B2 release and histological changes. Arzneimittel Forschung 37: 1449-1153 (1987)