• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.529-534
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The leaves of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Moringa stenopetala (MS) commonly grown in Ethiopia possess potential nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and functional characteristics of the dried leaf powder from two Moringa species to develop sustainable nutritional supplements for Ethiopians from locally grown plant sources. MATERIALS/METHODS: Freshly harvested and air-dried MO and MS leaves were authenticated and the nutritional contents, such as protein, ash, lipids, and selected vitamins and minerals, were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. Amino acid compositions were also determined by an amino acid analyzer. Nine-week-old mice were randomly divided into four groups to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Moringa. The first group was fed a basal diet, the second group a high-fat diet, and the others were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.1% Moringa leaf powder from each species. After seven weeks, serum indices related to lipid profiles from each mouse were analyzed. RESULTS: The present study revealed high protein (28-29%) and ash (7-11%) contents. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and leucine were the most abundantly found amino acids in both species. The predominant minerals in the leaf powder were calcium (826-1,530 mg/100 g), potassium (794-904 mg/100 g), and magnesium (286-431 mg/100 g). Pyridoxine (475.06 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (34.2 mg/100 g) were found only in MS. Niacin was found only in MO at 32.21 mg/100 g, whereas ascorbic acid was found in both species (3.89 and 6.19 mg/100 g dry weight for MO and MS, respectively). The results of the animal study showed that mice on a high-fat diet containing 0.1% MO leaf powder alleviated the elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by the high fat diet. MO was more effective than MS in preventing hypercholesterolemia and fat deposition. CONCLUSION: The findings in this work confirmed that Moringa leaves of both MO and MS possessed high nutritional value but MO was better at preventing the harmful effects of the high-fat diet than MS.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.430-438
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• 2013

Increased oxidative stress in obese diabetes may have causal effects on diabetic complications, including dyslipidemia. Lipopolysccharides (LPS) along with an atherogenic diet have been found to increase oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Cranberry has been recognized as having beneficial effects on diseases related to oxidative stress. Therefore, we employed obese diabetic animals treated with an atherogenic diet and LPS, with the aim of examining the effects of cranberry powder (CP) on diabetic related metabolic conditions, including lipid profiles, serum insulin and glucose, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Forty C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were divided into the following five groups: normal diet + saline, atherogenic diet + saline, atherogenic diet + LPS, atherogenic diet + 5% CP + LPS, and atherogenic diet + 10% CP + LPS. Consumption of an atherogenic diet resulted in elevation of serum total cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) and reduction of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. However, with 10% CP, the increase in mean HDL-cholesterol level was close to that of the group with a normal diet, whereas AI was maintained at a higher level than that of the group with a normal diet. LPS induced elevated serum insulin level was lowered by greater than 60% with CP (P < 0.05), and mean serum glucose level was reduced by approximately 19% with 5% CP (P > 0.05). Mean activity of liver cytosolic glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased by LPS injection, however it was reduced back to the value without LPS when the diet was fortified with 10% CP (P < 0.05). In groups with CP, a reduction in mean levels of serum protein carbonyl tended to occur in a dose dependent manner. Particularly with 10% CP, a reduction of approximately 89% was observed (P > 0.05). Overall results suggest that fortification of the atherogenic diet with CP may have potential health benefits for obese diabetes with high oxidative stress, by modulation of physical conditions, including some biomarkers of oxidative stress.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics in elderly population with obesity by analyzing their blood test. Methods: Included 130 subjects of aged 60 or older went through body composition test, and blood test. We divided them into obesity group and normal group based on body mass index (BMI) results, and then the blood test results were compared between the groups. Results: Forty out of 130 subjects had BMI of 25 or more. Two groups showed significant difference in bilirubin total, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol total, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrite, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet. All but HDL levels showed significantly higher results in obesity group than normal group. When compared with BMI, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, cholesterol total, triglyceride, white blood cell (WBC), and RBC had significant positive correlations. Among those, cholesterol total, triglyceride, WBC, and RBC showed significant difference between two groups, with correlation to BMI. Especially, the average of triglyceride was higher than normal limit in obesity group, whereas it was lower than normal limit in normal group. Conclusions: Triglyceride, cholesterol total, WBC, and RBC are highly related to obese elderly in this study. Old people with obesity need to be careful of cardiovascular and metabolic disease that can be caused by these factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.865-870
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• 2009

In this study, we have attempted to understand the effects of taurine on serum and liver concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in broiler chickens and mice in the post-absorptive state, and on in vitro protein synthesis in the livers of broiler chickens and laying hens, as well as the effects of taurine on in vivo protein synthesis in the liver of mice. The experimental animals were subjected to 24 h of starvation in order to perpetuate a post-absorptive state. Serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the taurine groups than in the controls in both the broilers and the mice. However, taurine resulted in a significant (p<0.05) reduction in liver concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, relative to what was seen in the control groups of both animals. Taurine stimulated the in vitro synthesis of 57-kDa, 40-kDa and 23-kDa proteins in the liver of broilers, but inhibited the in vitro synthesis of 54-kDa, 37-kDa and 24-kDa proteins. Taurine in the liver of laying hens exerted effects on in vitro protein synthesis, with the exception of the 26-kDa protein which was not detected in broiler liver, but was inhibited by taurine in the liver of laying hens. Unlike the findings regarding in vitro protein synthesis in the liver of broilers or laying hens, taurine appeared to stimulate the synthesis of only two proteins, a 47-kDa and a 40-kDa protein, in the liver of mice. Overall, theses findings indicate that taurine treatment results in a reduction in cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and also affects protein synthesis in the livers of broilers, laying hens, and mice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.945-953
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• 2006

Hyperlipidemia is one of the major factors causing the atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and a well-documented modifiable risk factor for stroke, especially of the ischemic type. Constipation is the condition of being unable to empty the bowels frequently enough or effectively. However, it is usually temporary and not a serious disease. Salicornia herbacea is a sea coast plant that grows on the western and southern coastal beaches and salt flats of the Korean peninsula. Belonging to Chenopodiaceae by biological classification. Salicornia herbacea is not known from research except that it contains plenty of minerals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with Hamcho-hwanand to observe changes in total cholesterol (T-Chol) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride (TG) and constipation. After treatment, total cholesterol decreased from 273mg/dl to 235mg/dl. Triglyceride decreased from 201mg/dl to 126mg/dl. HDL cholesterol increased from 30mg/dl to 40mg/dl. Constipation changed for the better. These results support a role for oriental medical therapy in treating hyperlipidemia and constipation. Further case studies of herbal treatment of this ailment are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.52-66
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• 2008

Objectives :Ginkgo-Chunghyul-dan (GCHD) is newly developed herbal medicine to prevent and treat stroke. In this study, we investigated whether the GCHD had antioxidant activity and anti-platelet aggregation effect in vitro and hypolipidemic activities in vivo. Methods :Anti-oxidant activity of GCHD was measured using the Blois method, anti-platelet effect of GCHD was assessed by the Born method, and hypolipidemic activities of GCHD were evaluated in corn oil- or Triton WR-1339-induced and cholesterol-fed rats. Results :GCHD showed anti-oxidant activity in the study inhibiting the formation of 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and xanthine oxidase activity. GCHD had anti-platelet aggregation activity. GCHD significantly lowered total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in high cholesterol diet and Triton WR-1339 induced model TG in corn oil-induced model. GCHD had no acute toxicity at a single dosage. Conclusion : These results suggest that GCHD has the potential to treat hyperlipidemia and stroke.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2003

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic efficacies of cultured ginseng (CG) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal and three diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were fed CG-free control diets supplemented with 5 and 10% of CG for 2 weeks. CG-supplemented groups showed significantly lower blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol content compared to the diabetic control group. CG supplementation at 5% significantly increased plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content compared to the diabetic control group. CG significantly increased plasma HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and reduced atherogenic index, whereas, it did not affect plasma total lipid content in diabetic rats. The 5% CG reduced plasma AST and ALT activities in diabetic rats and inhibited the reduction of plasma creatinine level caused by STZ-treatment in rats. These data suggest that tissue-cultured ginseng has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-atherogenic effects on STZ-diabetic rats and can be useful as a dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of 12-week Tai Chi exercise on the autonomic nervous system activity and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A single group pre-posttest was used. Subjects were 16 participants aged 51~71 years with metabolic syndrome. All of the subjects were met the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). The Tai Chi exercise consisted of 19 movements from Yang and Sun styles provided twice a week for 3 months. Metabolic syndrome risk factors including waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) were measured. A heart rate variability device was used to measure the activity of autonomic nervous system. Results: After 12-week Tai Chi exercise, systolic pressure, waist circumference, and HDL-cholesterol improved significantly. Tai Chi exercise had no effect on the autonomic nervous system activity. Conclusion: The 12-week Tai Chi exercise was partially effective in managing risk factors of metabolic syndrome. A larger study with longer period to improve the autonomic nervous system activity in patients with metabolic syndrome is needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2019

Purpose: Obesity is risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, nonobese patients are also increasingly susceptible to NAFLD. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of obese and nonobese pediatric patients with NAFLD. Methods: We retrospectively studied 68 patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD between January 2010 and October 2016 at 10-18 years of age. Body mass index ${\geq}95th$ percentile for age and sex was defined as obesity. Abdominal ultrasonography and laboratory, anthropometrics measurements were evaluated. Results: Among the 68, 26 (38.2%) were nonobese patients. The ratio of male to female was 5.8:1, and the median age at diagnosis was 13 years (range, 10-17 years). Significant higher triglyceride (223.0 mg/dL vs. 145.9 mg/dL, P=0.047) and total cholesterol levels (211.6 mg/dL vs. 173.2 mg/dL, P=0.011) were shown in nonobese than obese patients. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <40 mg/dL (hazard ratio [HR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.13-7.10; P=0.048), total cholesterol level >200 mg/dL (HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.23-15.31; P=0.038) and abdominal obesity (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.22-4.68; P=0.013) were significant risk factors for NAFLD in nonobese patients. Conclusion: Nonobese patients present a substantial proportion of pediatric NAFLD cases. Significant abnormal lipid concentrations were found in nonobese and abdominal obesity was important risk factor for nonobese NAFLD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2024

Worldwide, cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death, which accordingly increased by hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia therapy can include lifestyle changes and medications to control cholesterol levels. Statins are the medications of the first choice for dealing with lipid abnormalities. Rosuvastatin founds to control high lipid levels by hindering liver production of cholesterol and to achieve the targeted levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, another lipid lowering agents named ezetimibe may be used as an added therapy. Both rosuvastatin and ezetimibe have low bioavailability which will stand as barrier to decrease cholesterol levels, because of such depictions, formulations of this combined therapy in nanotechnology will be of a great assistance. Our study demonstrated preparations of nanoparticles of this combined therapy, showing their physical characterizations, and examined their behavior in laboratory conditions and vivo habitation. The mean particle size was uniform, polydispersity index and zeta potential of formulations were found to be in the ranges of (0.181-0.72) and (-13.4 to -6.24), respectively. Acceptable limits of entrapment efficiency were affirmed with appearance of spherical and uniform nanoparticles. In vitro testing showed a sustained release of drug exceeded 90% over 24 h. In vivo study revealed an enhanced dissolution and bioavailability from loaded nanoparticles, which was evidenced by calculated pharmacokinetic parameters using triton for hyperlipidemia induction. Stability studies were performed and assured that the formulations are kept the same up to one month. Therefore, nano formulations is a suitable transporter for combined therapy of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe with improvement in their dissolution and bioavailability.