• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 1990

This study was investigated the effects of water soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and soidium dextrothyroxine on lipid components in serum of hypercholesterolmemic rats in vivo in order to prevent in cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly increased after feeding cholesterol diet group compared with control group and were significantly increased after feeding cholesterol diet group compared with control group and were lower in Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and sodium dextrothyrioxine diet groups than in control group. Ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol were significantly highest in sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups among diet groups and were higher in Ganodrma lucidum and kale juice fed group than in control group. Phospholipid concentrations in seurm were significantly lower in Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25mg/kg diet) fed groups than in control group and triglyceride concentra-tions were lower in Ganderma lucidum sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups than in other groups. Triiodothyronine concentration in serum were lower in Ganoerma lucdum and kale juice fed groups than in the other groups while it was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups. Tetraiodothyronine concentrations is serum were remakably higher in sodium dextrothyroxine fed group than in other groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower in cholesterol diet group than in other groups but was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2009

We assessed the effect of surimi gel, which is prepared from the king oyster mushroom (pleurotus eryngii) and cuttlefish meat paste (KCP) on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in high-cholesterol-fed rats. Three groups of 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on a diet containing 1 g cholesterol/kg for 6 weeks. We administered only a high-cholesterol diet to the control group, one group was fed on surimi gel containing cuttlefish paste and king oyster mushrooms, and another group was fed with general boiled fish meat paste (GFP), which is commonly sold in marketplaces. Plasma and hepatic lipid profiles were measured, and the antioxidant status of the liver was assessed. The plasma triglyceride concentration did not differ significantly among the groups. Supplementation with KCP resulted in lower plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index as compared to the control group and GFP, whereas the plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration was elevated. Moreover, the KCP-supplemented animals evidenced greater bile acid excretion. The KCP groups evidenced significantly lower plasma and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acidreactive substances as compared to the control group. Besides, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase and superoxide dismutase, were significantly higher in the KCP group. In conclusion, KCP was quite effective in improving the lipid metabolism and reducing oxidative stress by upregulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high-cholesterol-fed rats.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve beneath the transverse carpal ligament. CTS can be correctly diagnosed by the patients' description of symptoms and electrophysiological tests that measure nerve conduction through the wrist. Many previous studies reported various risk factors of CTS, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease and trauma. Obesity is associated with both hyperlipidemia and CTS. This study focused on the relationship between severity of CTS and serum lipid level. Methods: One hundred fourteen patients with CTS and 74 controls were divided into four groups according to the severity; normal, mild, moderate and severe. And then serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were measured in each group. Results: There was a positive correlation between TG and CTS severity (p<0.001). But TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were not correlated with CTS severity. Conclusions: These results suggest that high serum TG may act as an aggravating factor of CTS.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) to induce oxidation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and to determine whether the oxidized HDL induced by P. gingivalis exhibited altered antiatherogenic function or became proatherogenic. Methods: P. gingivalis and THP-1 monocytes were cultured, and the extent of HDL oxidation induced by P. gingivalis was evaluated by a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. To evaluate the altered antiatherogenic and proatherogenic properties of P. gingivalistreated HDL, lipid oxidation was quantified by the TBARS assay, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) levels and the gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were also measured. After incubating macrophages with HDL and P. gingivalis, Oil Red O staining was performed to examine foam cells. Results: P. gingivalis induced HDL oxidation. The HDL treated by P. gingivalis did not reduce lipid oxidation and may have enhanced the formation of MMP-9 and TNF-${\alpha}$. P. gingivalistreated macrophages exhibited more lipid aggregates than untreated macrophages. Conclusions: P. gingivalis induced HDL oxidation, impairing the atheroprotective function of HDL and making it proatherogenic by eliciting a proinflammatory response through its interaction with monocytes/macrophages.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2021

Purpose: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of chronic liver diseases in both adults and children with obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in liver enzymes and metabolic profile in adolescents with fatty liver following selected school-based exercise (SBE) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 34 obese male adolescents with clinically defined NAFLD were divided into the HIIT (n=11, age=12.81±1.02 years, body mass index [BMI]=26.68±2.32 kg/㎡), selected SBE (n=11, age=13.39±0.95 years, BMI=26.47±1.74 kg/㎡), and control (n=12, age=13.14±1.49 years, BMI=26.45±2.21 kg/㎡) groups. The ultrasonography NAFLD grade, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), lipid profile, insulin resistance, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of the participants were measured before and after the exercise interventions. Results: The BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage of the participants decreased, and a significant increase in VO2peak was observed after the intervention; however, the HIIT group showed a significant improvement compared with the SBE group (p<0.01). Significant reductions were observed in the levels of insulin resistance, triglyceride, total cholesterol, ALT, and AST in both groups, although high-density lipoprotein levels decreased only in the HIIT group (p<0.01). Further, a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein level was observed in the training groups (p<0.01), but this decrease was not significant compared with the control group (p>0.01). Conclusion: HIIT and SBE are equally effective in improving health parameters in obese children and adolescents.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herb and bio ceramic complex supplementation on growth performance and meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) pigs (78.98kg average initial body weight) were used in a 45 days growth assay. Dietary treatments included 1) Control (basal diet). 2) HBC (Herb and bioceramic complex) 0.1 (basal diet + 0.1％ Herb and bioceramic complex) and 3) HBC 0.2 (basal diet +0.2％ Herb and bioceramic complex). For overall period, ADG (Average Daily weight Gain), ADFI (Average Daily feed Intake) and ADG/ADFI increased in Control with no significant difference (p>0.05). Backfat thickness was not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). The total cholesterol, HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL + VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol, Triglyceride and Atherogenic index concentrations of serum in pigs fed HBC 0.2 diet were lower than those of pigs fed Control and HBC 0.1 diets without significant difference (p>0.05). L$\^$*/-, a$\^$*/-, and b$\^$*/- values of M. longissimus dorsi muscle were not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). The pH of pigs fed HBC 0.2 diet was significantly lower than that of pigs fed Control and HBC 0.1 diets (p<0.05). In conclusion, growth performance, cholesterol concentration in serum and meat quality were not affected by supplemental herb and bioceramic complex.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 1988

Effect of the purified ginsenoside $-Rb_1$ and $-Rb_2$ on LDL receptor biosynthesis of CHO cell cultured in a high cholesterol medium was investigated . Cholesterol uptake by CHO cell cultured in a medium containing various amounts of cholesterol was traced and found that the cholesterol uptake was proportional to the concentration of cholesterol in the medium, and the population of LDL receptors were proportionally decreased as the increasing cholesterol level in the cell. However, when the CHO cells were cultured in the medium containing ginsenosides, no significant decrease of LDL receptor population occured. The biosynthesis of protein and RNA of the above cells was higher than that of CHO cells cultured in the absence of the ginsenosides, suggesting that the ginsenosides might stimulate LDL receptor bio-synthesis. It was also observed that the ginsenosides stimulated the biosynthesis of estradiol and progesterone from cholesterol in the CHO cell. From the above results, it seemed that the ginsenosides lowers the cholesterol level by stimulating the cholesterol metablism including steroid hormone biosynthesis, resulting in the lowering of inhibitory action of cholesterol on LDL receptor biosynthesis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of rice embryo and embryo jelly with black rice bran pigment on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. Thirty 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high cholesterol diets supplemented with 15% rice embryo and 25% embryo jelly added black rice bran pigment, respectively, for 6 weeks. Plasma and hepatic lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of antioxidant scavenger enzymes in liver were examined. Supplementation with rice embryo and embryo jelly had no effect on food intakes in high cholesterol-fed rats. The plasma triglyceride concentration was not significantly different among the groups. Supplementation with rice embryo and embryo jelly resulted in lower plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) concentration and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)/TC ratio and atherogenic index compared to the control group, while the plasma HDL-C concentration tended to elevated. Rice embryo and embryo jelly tended to lower plasma and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control group. Moreover, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly higher in the rice embryo and embryo jelly groups. In conclusion, rice embryo and embryo jelly was very effective in improving the lipid metabolism and reducing oxidative stress by up-regulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high cholesterol-fed rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2014

Various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) especially enzyme-inducing AEDs might be associated with increased vascular risk, through impairment of the endogenous antioxidative ability which may trigger oxygen-dependent tissue injury. Lamotrigine (LTG) a non-enzyme-inducing AED has scarce information regarding its effects on oxidative stress. The present study aimed to study the possible modulation of vascular risk factors of epileptogenesis by LTG, in a rat model of kindling seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Four groups of male Wister rats were used; vehicle control group, PTZ group (alternate day PTZ, 30 mg/kg, i.p), LTG/PTZ group (LTG 20 mg/kg/day p.o and alternate day PTZ) and LTG group. The study period was 5 weeks. Lipoproteins and total homocysteine (tHcy), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured. Aortic endothelial function study and histopathological examination of the rats' brains, aortas and coronaries were conducted. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tHcy, MDA, GSH levels were significantly higher in epileptic rats than normal controls rats. A decrease in HDL-cholesterol with high atherosclerotic index was also demonstrated. The administration of LTG improved the PTZ-kindled seizures. It produced a significant decrease in TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol, MDA, aortic GSH and increase in HDL-cholesterol with no significant effect on serum GSH and tHcy levels. LTG improved endothelium-dependent relaxation, decreased hippocampal neurodegenerative changes and atherosclerotic changes of aortas and coronaries. LTG decreased seizures severity, hippocampal damage and improved vascular risk markers in this rat model of kindling seizures.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.4 s.40
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• pp.386-398
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• 1992

In order to study the relationship between life-style and serum lipids level in young adults, the author measured the concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and investigated age, relative weight, weekly alcohol intake and daily cigarette smoking through questionnaire in 310 male workers aged 20 to 39, in Ulsan area. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the factors being able to influence serum lipids level there was negative correlation between age and alcohol intake, and the positive correlation between age and relative weight, alcohol intake and relative weight, alcohol intake and smoking with the strongest correlation between alcohol intake and smoking. 2. In univariate analysis, mean total cholesterol concentration were significantly different according to age, smoking and relative weight: mean triglyceride concentration were significantly different according to relative weight only; mean HCL-C concentration were significantly different according to alcohol intake alone. 3. In non-drinkers, HDL-C concentration of smokers were significantly lower than that of non-smokers but triglyceride concentration of smokers were significant higher. And in drinkers, total cholesterol concentration of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers. 4. In multiple regression analysis, significant independent variables were relative weight, age and smoking in the total cholesterol concentration, and relative weight, age and alcohol intake in the triglyceride concentration, and alcohol intake, relative weight and smoking in the HDL-C concentration. By these independent variables, total variation in each dependent variable was explained 7.9%, 17.6% and 7.4% respectively.