Browse > Article

Effects of Rice Embryo and Embryo Jelly with Black Rice Bran Pigment on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in High Cholesterol-Fed Rats  

Cho, Min-Kyung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University)
Kim, Mi-Hyun (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University)
Kang, Mi-Young (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Applied Biological Chemistry / v.51, no.3, 2008 , pp. 200-206 More about this Journal
Abstract
We investigated the effect of rice embryo and embryo jelly with black rice bran pigment on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. Thirty 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high cholesterol diets supplemented with 15% rice embryo and 25% embryo jelly added black rice bran pigment, respectively, for 6 weeks. Plasma and hepatic lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of antioxidant scavenger enzymes in liver were examined. Supplementation with rice embryo and embryo jelly had no effect on food intakes in high cholesterol-fed rats. The plasma triglyceride concentration was not significantly different among the groups. Supplementation with rice embryo and embryo jelly resulted in lower plasma and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) concentration and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)/TC ratio and atherogenic index compared to the control group, while the plasma HDL-C concentration tended to elevated. Rice embryo and embryo jelly tended to lower plasma and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the control group. Moreover, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly higher in the rice embryo and embryo jelly groups. In conclusion, rice embryo and embryo jelly was very effective in improving the lipid metabolism and reducing oxidative stress by up-regulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high cholesterol-fed rats.
Keywords
antioxidant enzyme activity; black rice; high cholesterol-fed rat; lipid metabolism; rice embryo;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 0  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Thurnham, D. I. (1994) Carotenoids: functions and fallacies. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53, 77-87
2 Mantha, S. V., Kalra, J. and Prasad, K. (1996) Effects of probucol on hyper cholesterolemia-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes. Life Sci. 58, 503-509   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Nam, S. H. and Kang, M. Y. (1998) Comparison of effect of rice bran extracts of the colored rice cultivars on carcinogenesis. Agri. Chem. Biotechnol. 41, 78-83   과학기술학회마을
4 Friedewald, W. T. and Levey, R. I. (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499-502
5 Lauer, R. M., Clarke, W. P. and Lee, J. (1988) Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol levels. The Muscatine study. Pediatrics 82, 309-318
6 Sale, F. O., Marchesini, S, Fishman, P. H. and Berra, B. (1984) A sensitive enzymatic assay for determination of cholesterol in lipid extracts. Anal. Biochem. 142, 347-350   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Hulcher, F. H. and Oleson W. H. (1973) Simplified spectrophotometric assay for microsomal 3-hydroxyl-3- methylglutaryl CoA reductase by measurement of coenzyme A. J. Lipid Res. 14, 625-637
8 Castelli, W. P., Garrison, R. J., Wilson, P. W. F., Abbott, R. D., Kalousdian. S. and Kannel, W. B. (1986) Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels, the Framingham study. JAMA 256, 2835-2838   DOI
9 Addis, P. B. and Waener, G. J. (1991) Free radicals and Food additives (O.I. Aruoma and B. Halliwell, Eds.), Taylor and Francis, England
10 Igarashi, K. and Ohmuma, M. (1995) Effects of isorhamnetin, rhamnetin and quercetin on the concentrations of cholesterol and lipoperoxide in the serum and liver and on the blood and liver antioxidative enzyme activities or rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59, 595-601   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Paglia, P. E. and Valentine, W. N. (1967) Studies on quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70, 158-169
12 Chisolm, G. M. and Steinberg, D. (2000) The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherogenesis: an overview. Free Radical Biol. Med. 28, 1815-1826   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Lee, J. M., Choi, S. W., Cho, S. H. and Rhee, S. J. (2003) Effect of seeds extract of Paeonia Lactiflora on antioxidative system and lipid peroxidation of liver in rats fed highcholesterol diet. Kor. J. Nutr. 36, 793-800   과학기술학회마을
14 Minhajuddin M, Beg ZH, Iqbal J. (2005) Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of tocotrienol rich fraction isolated from rice bran oil in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 43, 747-753   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Britton, C., Helmut, S. and Alberto, B. (1979) Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organ. Physiol. Rev. 59, 527-605   DOI
16 Kim, Y. E., Oh, S. W., Kwon, E. K., Han, D. S., Kim, I. H. and Lee, C. H. (2004) Effects of green tea, buckwheat and grape leaves extracts on lipid metabolism antioxidative capacity, and antithrombotic activity in rats fed high cholesterol diets. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36, 979-985   과학기술학회마을
17 Tsuda, T., Watanabe, M., Ohshima, K., Norinobu, S., Kawakishi, S., Choi, S. W. and Osawa, T. (1994) Antioxidative activity of the anthocyanin pigments cyanidin 3-O-$\beta$-Dglucoside and cyanidin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42, 2407-2411   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Lee, W. C., Kim, A. J. and Kim, S. Y. (2003) The study on the functional materials and effects of mulberry leaf. Food Sci. Ind. 36, 2-14
19 Jeon, S. M., Bok, S. H., Jang, M. K., Lee, M. K., Nam, K. T., Park, Y. B., Rhee, S. J. and Choi, M. S. (2001) Antioxidative activity of naringin and lovastatin in high cholesterol-fed rabbits. Life Sci. 69, 2855-2866   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Gerhardt, A. L. and Gallo, N. B. (1989) Effect of a processed medium grain rice bran and germ product on hypercholesterolemia. Am. Assoc. Cereal Chemists Annual Meeting, Washington DC
21 Marklund, S. and Marklund, G. (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 469-474   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Hodis, H. N., Mack, W. J., Labree, L., Cashin, H. L., Sevanian, A., Johnson, R. and Azen, S. P. (1995) Serial coronary angiographic evidence that antioxidant vitamin intake reduce progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 273, 1849-1854   DOI
23 Lee, J. J., Park, S. Y. and Lee, M. Y. (2006) Effect of lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera G.) on lipid metabolism in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Korean J. Food Preserv. 13, 634-642   과학기술학회마을
24 Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. and Yake, K. (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Annal Biochem. 95, 351-358   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Wilson, T. A., Nicolosi, R. J., Woolfrey, B. and Kritchevsky, D. (2007) Rice bran oil and oryzanol reduce plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and aortic cholesterol ester accumulation to a greater extent than ferulic acid in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J. Nutr. Biochem. 18, 105-112   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Balkan, J., Kanbagli, O., Hatipoglu, A., Kucuk, M., Cevikbas, U., Aykac-Toker, G. and Uysal, M. (2002) Improving effect of dietary taurine supplementation on the oxidative stress and lipid levels in the plasma, liver and aorta of rabbits fed on a highcholesterol diet. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66, 1755-1758   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Choi, J. H. (1987) A study on fatty acid pattern in brain and liver tissues of developing chicken embryos, MS Thesis, Korea University, Korea
28 Muramoto, G. and Kawamura, S. (1991) Rice protein and antihypertensive peptide (angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitor) from rice. Nippon Shokuhin Kougyo 34, 18-26
29 Del Boccio, G., Lapenna, D., Porreca, E., Pennelli, A., Savini, F., Feliciani, P., Ricci, G. and Cuccurullo, F. (1990) Aortic antioxidant defence mechanisms: time-related changes in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 81, 127-135   DOI
30 Nam, S. H., Cho, S. P., Kang, M. Y., Koh, H. J., Kozukue, N. and Friedman, M. (2006) Antioxidant activities of bran extracts from twenty one black rice cultivars. Food Chem. 94, 613-620   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Sharrett, A. R., Ballantyne, C. M., Coady, S. A., Heiss, G., Sorlie, P. D. and Catellier, D. (2001) Coronary heart disease prediction from lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoproteins A-I and B, and HDL density subfractions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation 104, 1108-1113   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Razdan, A. and Pettersson, D. (1994) Effect of chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentration in broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr. 72, 277-288   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Nam, S. H. and Kang, M. Y. (1997) In vitro inhibitory effect of colored rice bran extracts carcinogenicity. Agri. Chem. Biotechnol. 40, 307-312   과학기술학회마을
34 Kahlon, T. S., Saunders, R. M.., Chow, F. I., Chiu, M. C. and Betschar, A. A. (1989) Effect of rice bran and oat bran on plasma cholesterol in hamsters. Cereal Food World 34, 768-774
35 Choi, S. W., Nam, S. H. and Choi, H. C. (1996) Antioxidative activity of ethanolic extracts of rice brans. Food Biotechnol. 5, 305-309   DOI
36 Aebi, H. (1974) Catalase. In Method of Enzymatic Analysis, pp. 673-684, Academic Press, New York
37 Folch, J., Lees, M. and Sloane-Stanley, G. H. (1957) A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 197-509
38 Rana, P., Vadhera, S. AND Soni G. (2004) In vivo antioxidant potential of rice bran oil (RBO) in albino rats. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 48, 428-436
39 Serbinova, E. A. and Packer, L. (1994) Antioxidant properties of $\alpha$-tocopherol and $\alpha$-tocotrienol. Methods Enzymol. 234, 354-366   DOI
40 Noaman, E., El-Din, N., Bibars, M. A., Mossallam, A. and Ghoneum, M. (2008) Antioxidant potential by arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3/biobran, represents a mechanism for its oncostatic effect against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Cancer Lett. (2008), doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.012
41 Retiman, S. and Frankel, S. (1975) In Method of enzymatic analysis, Academic Press, New York