Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2021.24.1.54

Changes in Liver Enzymes and Metabolic Profile in Adolescents with Fatty Liver following Exercise Interventions  

Iraji, Hamdollah (Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan)
Minasian, Vazgen (Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan)
Kelishadi, Roya (Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences)
Publication Information
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition / v.24, no.1, 2021 , pp. 54-64 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of chronic liver diseases in both adults and children with obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in liver enzymes and metabolic profile in adolescents with fatty liver following selected school-based exercise (SBE) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 34 obese male adolescents with clinically defined NAFLD were divided into the HIIT (n=11, age=12.81±1.02 years, body mass index [BMI]=26.68±2.32 kg/㎡), selected SBE (n=11, age=13.39±0.95 years, BMI=26.47±1.74 kg/㎡), and control (n=12, age=13.14±1.49 years, BMI=26.45±2.21 kg/㎡) groups. The ultrasonography NAFLD grade, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), lipid profile, insulin resistance, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of the participants were measured before and after the exercise interventions. Results: The BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage of the participants decreased, and a significant increase in VO2peak was observed after the intervention; however, the HIIT group showed a significant improvement compared with the SBE group (p<0.01). Significant reductions were observed in the levels of insulin resistance, triglyceride, total cholesterol, ALT, and AST in both groups, although high-density lipoprotein levels decreased only in the HIIT group (p<0.01). Further, a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein level was observed in the training groups (p<0.01), but this decrease was not significant compared with the control group (p>0.01). Conclusion: HIIT and SBE are equally effective in improving health parameters in obese children and adolescents.
Keywords
Exercise interventions; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Insulin resistance; Obesity;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Martins RA, Verissimo MT, Coelho e Silva MJ, Cumming SP, Teixeira AM. Effects of aerobic and strengthbased training on metabolic health indicators in older adults. Lipids Health Dis 2010;9:76.   DOI
2 Sattar N, Forrest E, Preiss D. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMJ 2014;349:g4596.   DOI
3 Glass OK, Radia A, Kraus WE, Abdelmalek MF. Exercise training as treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2017;2:35.   DOI
4 Nassis GP, Papantakou K, Skenderi K, Triandafillopoulou M, Kavouras SA, Yannakoulia M, et al. Aerobic exercise training improves insulin sensitivity without changes in body weight, body fat, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese girls. Metabolism 2005;54:1472-9.   DOI
5 Devries MC, Samjoo IA, Hamadeh MJ, Tarnopolsky MA. Effect of endurance exercise on hepatic lipid content, enzymes, and adiposity in men and women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:2281-8.   DOI
6 Vajro P, Lenta S, Pignata C, Salerno M, D'Aniello R, De Micco I, et al. Therapeutic options in pediatric non alcoholic fatty liver disease: current status and future directions. Ital J Pediatr 2012;38:55.   DOI
7 Osaka T, Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M, Kojima T, Obora A, Fukui M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remission in men through regular exercise. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018;62:242-6.   DOI
8 Bacchi E, Negri C, Zanolin ME, Milanese C, Faccioli N, Trombetta M, et al. Metabolic effects of aerobic training and resistance training in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled trial (the RAED2 study). Diabetes Care 2012;35:676-82.   DOI
9 Africa JA, Newton KP, Schwimmer JB. Lifestyle interventions including nutrition, exercise, and supplements for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Dig Dis Sci 2016;61:1375-86.   DOI
10 Bacchi E, Negri C, Targher G, Faccioli N, Lanza M, Zoppini G, et al. Both resistance training and aerobic training reduce hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetic subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (the RAED2 Randomized Trial). Hepatology 2013;58:1287-95.   DOI
11 Hallsworth K, Fattakhova G, Hollingsworth KG, Thoma C, Moore S, Taylor R, et al. Resistance exercise reduces liver fat and its mediators in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of weight loss. Gut 2011;60:1278-83.   DOI
12 Johnson NA, Sachinwalla T, Walton DW, Smith K, Armstrong A, Thompson MW, et al. Aerobic exercise training reduces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss. Hepatology 2009;50:1105-12.   DOI
13 Stenevi-Lundgren S, Daly RM, Karlsson MK. A school-based exercise intervention program increases muscle strength in prepubertal boys. Int J Pediatr 2010;2010:307063.   DOI
14 Loria P, Adinolfi LE, Bellentani S, Bugianesi E, Grieco A, Fargion S, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A decalogue from the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) Expert Committee. Dig Liver Dis 2010;42:272-82.   DOI
15 Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Cavero-Redondo I, Herraiz-Adillo A, Diez-Fernandez A, Sanchez-Lopez M, Martinez-Vizcaino V. School-based exercise programs and cardiometabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2018;142:e20181033.   DOI
16 Logan GR, Harris N, Duncan S, Schofield G. A review of adolescent high-intensity interval training. Sports Med 2014;44:1071-85.   DOI
17 Costigan SA, Eather N, Plotnikoff RC, Taaffe DR, Lubans DR. High-intensity interval training for improving health-related fitness in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015;49:1253-61.   DOI
18 van der Heijden GJ, Wang ZJ, Chu ZD, Sauer PJ, Haymond MW, Rodriguez LM, et al. A 12-week aerobic exercise program reduces hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese, Hispanic adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010;18:384-90.   DOI
19 Deldin AR, Lee S. Role of physical activity in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013;38:805-12.   DOI
20 Vajro P, Lenta S, Socha P, Dhawan A, McKiernan P, Baumann U, et al. Diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: position paper of the ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012;54:700-13.   DOI
21 Koot BG, de Groot E, van der Baan-Slootweg OH, Bohte AE, Nederveen AJ, Jansen PL, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk in children with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015;23:1239-43.   DOI
22 Wong VW. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia: a story of growth. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:18-23.   DOI
23 Chan DF, Li AM, Chu WC, Chan MH, Wong EM, Liu EK, et al. Hepatic steatosis in obese Chinese children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28:1257-63.   DOI
24 Papandreou D, Karabouta Z, Pantoleon A, Rousso I. Investigation of anthropometric, biochemical and dietary parameters of obese children with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Appetite 2012;59:939-44.   DOI
25 Sartorio A, Del Col A, Agosti F, Mazzilli G, Bellentani S, Tiribelli C, et al. Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:877-83.   DOI
26 Saadeh S, Younossi ZM, Remer EM, Gramlich T, Ong JP, Hurley M, et al. The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002;123:745-50.   DOI
27 Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty. Arch Dis Child 1976;51:170-9.   DOI
28 Peterson MJ, Czerwinski SA, Siervogel RM. Development and validation of skinfold-thickness prediction equations with a 4-compartment model. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:1186-91.   DOI
29 Matsuzaka A, Takahashi Y, Yamazoe M, Kumakura N, Ikeda A, Wilk B, et al. Validity of the multistage 20-m shuttle-run test for Japanese children, adolescents, and adults. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2004;16:113-25.   DOI
30 Racil G, Ben Ounis O, Hammouda O, Kallel A, Zouhal H, Chamari K, et al. Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013;113:2531-40.   DOI
31 Ross LM, Porter RR, Durstine JL. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) for patients with chronic diseases. J Sport Health Sci 2016;5:139-44.   DOI
32 Kelishadi R, Cook SR, Amra B, Adibi A. Factors associated with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among youths. Atherosclerosis 2009;204:538-43.   DOI
33 Cornish AK, Broadbent S, Cheema BS. Interval training for patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011;111:579-89.   DOI
34 Guiraud T, Nigam A, Gremeaux V, Meyer P, Juneau M, Bosquet L. High-intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation. Sports Med 2012;42:587-605.   DOI
35 Alisi A, Manco M, Vania A, Nobili V. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 2009. J Pediatr 2009;155:469-74.   DOI
36 Alahmadi MA. High-intensity interval training and obesity. J Nov Physiother 2014;4:211.   DOI
37 Oh S, Han G, Kim B, Shoda J. Regular exercise as a secondary practical treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exerc Med 2018;2:4.   DOI
38 Nobili V, Alisi A, Raponi M. Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: preventive and therapeutic value of lifestyle intervention. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:6017-22.   DOI
39 Trapp EG, Chisholm DJ, Boutcher SH. Metabolic response of trained and untrained women during highintensity intermittent cycle exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;293:R2370-5.   DOI
40 Lin YC, Chou SC, Huang PT, Chiou HY. Risk factors and predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Taiwan. Ann Hepatol 2011;10:125-32.   DOI
41 Sogabe M, Okahisa T, Tsujigami K, Fukuno H, Hibino S, Yamanoi A. Visceral fat predominance is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese women with metabolic syndrome. Hepatol Res 2014;44:515-22.   DOI
42 Wang Y, Xu D. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins. Lipids Health Dis 2017;16:132.   DOI
43 Leite N, Milano GE, Cieslak F, Lopes WA, Rodacki A, Radominski RB. Effects of physical exercise and nutritional guidance on metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents. Braz J Phys Ther 2009;13:73-81.   DOI
44 Silva DAS, Petroski EL, Pelegrini A. Effects of aerobic exercise on the body composition and lipid profile of overweight adolescents. Rev Bras Ciênc Esporte 2014;36:295-309.   DOI
45 Thomas NE, Cooper SM, Williams SP, Baker JS, Davies B. Relationship of fitness, fatness, and coronaryheart-disease risk factors in 12- to 13-year-olds. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2007;19:93-101.   DOI