• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.258-262
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect the water content in substrates as according to growth stage on the growth and yield of paprika in summer hydroponics. Treatments of I, II and III were composed of 55-65-60, 50-60-55 and 45-55-50 % in water contents of growth stages, respectively. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors were used in a drip irrigation system. The early growth of paprika was increased by high medium water content of treatment I. Mean fruit weight was not affected by medium water content, but the fruit number per plant and yield were increased at high medium water content of treatment I. The yield of treatment I was higher than that of treatment II and III. The incidence of brown stem fruit, blossom end rot and sunburn was decreased with increasing water content of medium. Occurred in the low water content of medium. The nitrogen (N) was higher content in brown stem fruit than normal stem, but mineral contents such as potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) etc. were not affected.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.176-190
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• 2011

There seems to be some controversy about the effect of total ginseng saponin (TGS) on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the adrenal gland. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether TGS can affect the CA release in the perfused model of the adrenal medulla isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). TGS (15-150 ${\mu}g/mL$), perfused into an adrenal vein for 90 min, inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by acetylcholine (ACh, 5.32 mM) and high $K^+$ (56 mM, a direct membrane depolarizer) in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. TGS (50 ${\mu}g/mL$) also time-dependently inhibited the CA secretion evoked by 1.1-dimethyl-4 -phenyl piperazinium iodide (DMPP; 100 ${\mu}M$, a selective neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist) and McN-A-343 (100 ${\mu}M$, a selective muscarinic M1 receptor agonist). TGS itself did not affect basal CA secretion (data not shown). Also, in the presence of TGS (50 ${\mu}g/mL$), the secretory responses of CA evoked by veratridine (a selective $Na^+$ channel activator (50 ${\mu}M$), Bay-K-8644 (an L-type dihydropyridine $Ca^{2+}$ channel activator, 10 ${\mu}M$), and cyclopiazonic acid (a cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor, 10 ${\mu}M$) were significantly reduced, respectively. Interestingly, in the simultaneous presence of TGS (50 ${\mu}g/mL$) and N${\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride [an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, 30 ${\mu}M$], the inhibitory responses of TGS on the CA secretion evoked by ACh, high $K^+$, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644, cyclopiazonic acid, and veratridine were considerably recovered to the extent of the corresponding control secretion compared with the inhibitory effect of TGS-treatment alone. Practically, the level of NO released from adrenal medulla after the treatment of TGS (150 ${\mu}g/mL$) was greatly elevated compared to the corresponding basal released level. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TGS inhibits the CA secretory responses evoked by stimulation of cholinergic (both muscarinic and nicotinic) receptors as well as by direct membrane-depolarization from the isolated perfused adrenal medulla of the SHRs. It seems that this inhibitory effect of TGS is mediated by inhibiting both the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ and Na+ into the adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and also by suppressing the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from the cytoplasmic calcium store, at least partly through the increased NO production due to the activation of nitric oxide synthase, which is relevant to neuronal nicotinic receptor blockade, without the enhancement effect on the CA release. Based on these effects, it is also thought that there are some species differences in the adrenomedullary CA secretion between the rabbit and SHR.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7575-7581
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• 2015

Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), one of the stress driven neuropeptides, was widely proposed to influence hair loss and re-growth. For the development of receptor antagonists, the screening system based on intracellular calcium signal process was developed and optimized. The aequorin parental cells were transfected with CRF1 receptor and alpha 16 promiscuous G protein cDNA to establish HEK293a16/hCRF1, a stable cell line for the human CRF1 receptor. In HEK293a16/hCRF1 cells, the range of sauvagine dose response was 12-fold higher($EC_{50}:15.21{\pm}1.83nM$) than in the transiently expressed cells, hence essential conditions for the antagonist screening experiments such as the robust signals and high solvent tolerance were secured. The standard antagonists for the CRF1 receptor, antalarmin and CP154526, resulted $IC_{50}$ values of $414.1{\pm}5.5$ and $290.7{\pm}1.9nM$, respectively. Similar results were presented with frozen HEK293a16/hCRF1 cells. Finally, our HEK293a16/hCRF1 cells with the aequorin based cellular functional assay can be a model system for the development of functional cosmetics and modulators that can have a clinical efficacy on hair re-growth.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2006

The analytical measurement range (AMR) is the range of analyte values that a method can directly measure on a specimen without any dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment not part of the usual assay process. The linearity of the AMR is its ability to obtain test results which are directly proportional to the concentration of analyte in the sample from the upper and lower limit of the AMR. The AMR validation is the process of confirming that the assay system will correctly recover the concentration or activity of the analyte over the AMR. The test specimen must have analyte values which, at a minimum, are near the low, midpoint, and high values of the AMR. The AMR must be revalidated at least every six months, at changes in major system components, and when a complete change in reagents for a procesure is introduced; unless the laboratory can demonstrate that changing the reagent lot number does not affect the range used to report patient test results. The AMR linearity was total protein (0-16.6), albumin (0-8.1), total bilirubin (0-18.1), alkaline phosphatase (0-1244.3), aspartate aminotransferase (0-1527.9), alanine aminotransferase (0-1107.9), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (0-1527.7), creatine kinase (0-1666.6), lactate dehydrogenase (0-1342), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.3-154.3), sodium (35.4-309), creatinine (0-19.2), blood urea nitrogen (0.5-206.2), uric acid (0-23.9), total cholesterol (-0.3-510), triglycerides (0.7-539.6), glucose (0-672.7), amylase (0-1595.3), calcium (0-23.9), inorganic phosphorus (0.03-17.0), potassium (0.1-116.5), chloride (3.3-278.7). We are sure that materials for the AMR affect the evaluation of the upper limit of the AMR in the process system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.856-863
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• 2005

Dietary Variety Score (DVS) or Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) offers a way of comparing eating habits across populations and across countries. This study compared nutrients intakes, food intakes, DVS, and NAR between Korean and US adults using the large national survey data. 4662 Korean adults (men: 2201, women: 2461) aged 20-49 years were selected from the 'Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey,2001' and 4199 US adults (men: 2127, women: 2072) aged 20-49 years were selected from the 'US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES IV,1999-2002)'. The total plant food intakes were high in Korean adults, but the total animal food intakes were high in US adults. Intakes of legumes and nuts, vegetables and mushrooms were higher in Korean than in US adults. On the other hand, intakes of meats, milk and dairy products of US adults were higher than Korean. Beverage intakes were 8 - 10 times higher in US adults than in Korean. The mean DVS of Korean men and women were higher than US men and women. Intakes of fat, calcium and vitamin $B\_{2}$ of US adults were 1.5 - 2 times higher than those of Korean, which could probably related to larger consumption by US adults on milk and dairy product. While the intakes of carbohydrate and vitamin C of the Korean were higher than the US adults, which could presumably related to higher grain and vegetable consumption. Percent energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were $64.1\%$, $15.8\%$, and $20.1\%$ for Korean men, $52.4\%$, $15.0\%$, and $32.6\%$ for US men, $65.9\%$, $14.9\%$, $19.2\%$ for Korean women, and $52.1\%$, $14.7\%$, $33.2\%$ for US women respectively, which showed higher $\%$energy from carbohydrate in Korean and higher $\%$energy from fat in US adults. Most nutrient intakes except energy and vitamin C expressed as $\%$RDA were higher in US than in Korean adults. Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) of US men and Korean men were both 0.85, while the MAR was 0.81 for Korean women,0.79 for US women. The Korean women's diet showed more diverse and adequate than the US women's diet.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the improvement effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the lipid component, protein and electrolyte concentration in dyslipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (24 male) were divided into four groups, namely the ND (normal-nondyslipidemic diet), NT (normal-nondyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric), DD (control-dyslipidemic diet), and DT groups (dyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric). Rats were sacrificed at the end of 5 weeks after experiment diet. In this study, turmeric diet (NT, DT) groups in lipid composition as evidenced from the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, blood glucose and non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) (p<0.05). The serum globulin concentration was significantly decreased (p<0.05), and the albumin concentrations were increased in turmeric diet than dyslipidemic rats. Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the DT group than DD group. Concentrations of total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) in sera were higher in the ND, NT and DT groups than DD group. Therefore, it was concluded that the 5% turmeric diet used in the condition of this study had a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pretreatments on quality of frozen peach. Pretreatments including steam blanching, water blanching, high pressure, and osmotic dehydration were applied to two varieties (Daeokgye and Hwangdo). Pretreated peaches were frozen and thawed at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Steam blanching and osmotic dehydration with ascorbic acid reduced ${\Delta}E$ values without change of pH and acidity. Osmotic dehydration with sucrose decreased drip loss and increased brix. Freezing/thawing resulted in an increase of maximum force, while maximum force decreased with increasing time of steam and water blanching. Furthermore, osmotic dehydration with calcium chloride increased maximum force. High pressure decreased maximum force of Daeokgye and increased that of Hwangdo compared with non-treatment. Total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity were improved by pretreatment including steam blanching, blanching, and osmotic dehydration with ascorbic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

The objective of this work is to prove a possibility of void f illing through a carbonation f or the purpose of improving the quality of recycled aggregate. Carbonation can permanently immobilize CO2, which is a greenhouse gas, and thus provides additional benefit on environment. In this work, recycled fine aggregate was reacted using gaseous CO2 and supercritical CO2(scCO2) in a closed chamber, and the changes in physical properties of the recycled f ine aggregate bef ore and af ter carbonation were analyzed using the apparent density, skeletal density, pH, and FE-SEM measurements. Thereafter, a mortar specimen was prepared and a compressive strength was measured. According to the experimental results, it was found that the increase in the apparent density and the true density was higher by the reaction with scCO2, which was conducted at high temperature and high pressure compared to the reaction with gaseous CO2. In addition, the pH of the eluted water was found to have a larger initial decrease than that observed with samples from reaction by gaseous CO2. The shape and amount of calcium carbonate crystals were also found to be larger than that from gaseous CO2. The increase in compressive strength was the largest when using recycled fine aggregate reacted with scCO2. It was clear that quality improvement of recycled fine aggregate was higher with scCO2 than with gaseous CO2.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.576-586
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity, plant-growth-promoting activity, and mineral solubilization ability of 10 species of phytopathogenic fungi to select a Bacillus sp. from rhizosphere soils and roots that can be used as a microbial agent. The antifungal activity for phytopathogenic fungi varied based on the Bacillus sp. Among the selected strains, DDP4, DDP16, DDP148, SN56, and SN95 exhibited antifungal activity for nine or more species of phytopathogenic fungi. Regarding nitrogen-fixation ability, all Bacillus sp. showed similar levels of activity, and siderophore production ability was relatively high in ANG42 and DDP427. The indole-3-acetic acid production abilities were in the range of 1.83-67.91 ㎍/ml, with variations in activity based on the Bacillus sp. One strain with a high activity was selected from each species, and their mineral solubilization abilities were examined. Most Bacillus sp. could solubilize phosphoric acid and calcium carbonate, and DDP148 and SN56 could solubilize silicon and zinc, respectively. These results suggested that Bacillus sp. can be considered potential multi-purpose microbial agents for plant growth promotion and disease prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.96-102
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• 2022

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) reacting with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) in aqueous solution. HAp powders were synthesized from extremely high concentration of precursor solutions over 3 M of Ca(OH)₂ aqueous suspension using modified process parameters such as phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) pouring rate, aging time and post ball milling process. Regardless of phosphoric acid pouring rate, the DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) was formed at room temperature and when heated above 700℃, β-TCP (tricalcium phosphate) was synthesized and the amount reached its maximum at 900℃. When the synthesized powder was sintered at 1150℃, β-TCP, a high temperature impurity phase, remained. The single HAp phase without DCPD was obtained from post ball-milled precipitates followed by 3 day aging. For the ball-milled precipitates even without the aging process, the desired single HAp phase without β-TCP could be obtained by heat treatment above 500℃. The post ball milling process provided a convenient route for HAp synthesis.