• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.3
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 2014

The performance of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) in terms of torque and power factor depends on the two-axis inductances $L_d$ and $L_q$ of the machine. The Axially Laminated Anisotropic (ALA) rotor should be proposed in an effort to increase the $L_d/L_q$ ratio and the $L_d-L_q$ difference to secure high torque density and high power factor. So, ALA rotor is suitable for high speed instruments. This paper deals with optimum design of Axially Laminated Anisotropic Synchronous Reluctance Motor (ALA-SynRM) and comparison of characteristics with induction motor. Coupled Finite Element Methodology (FEM) & Response Surface Methodology (RSM) have been used to evaluate optimum design solutions. Comparisons are given with characteristics of a same rated wattage induction motor and those of ALA-SynRM respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.23 no.10
• /
• pp.1460-1471
• /
• 2013

Microalgal biofuel production from wastewater has economic and environmental advantages. This article investigates the lipid production from high chemical oxygen demand (COD) bioethanol wastewater without dilution or additional nutrients, using a newly isolated heterotrophic microalga, Chlorella vulgaris LAM-Q. To enhance lipid accumulation, the combined effects of important operational parameters were studied via response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were found to be temperature of $22.8^{\circ}C$, initial pH of 6.7, and inoculum density of $1.2{\times}10^8cells/ml$. Under these conditions, the lipid productivity reached 195.96 mg/l/d, which was markedly higher than previously reported values in similar systems. According to the fatty acid composition, the obtained lipids were suitable feedstock for biodiesel production. Meanwhile, 61.40% of COD, 51.24% of total nitrogen, and 58.76% of total phosphorus were removed from the bioethanol wastewater during microalgal growth. In addition, 19.17% of the energy contained in the wastewater was transferred to the microalgal biomass in the fermentation process. These findings suggest that C. vulgaris LAM-Q can efficiently produce lipids from high-concentration bioethanol wastewater, and simultaneously performs wastewater treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.344-345
• /
• 2006

In this study, in order to develop low temperature sintering piezoelectric transformer, $(Pb_{0.99-x}Ca_xSr_{0.01})Ti_{0.96}(Mn_{1/3}Sb_{2/3})_{0.04}O_3$ ceramic systems were fabricated using $Na_2CO_3-Li_2CO_3$ as sintering aids and investigated with the amount of Ca substitution. The piezoelectric transformer requires high electromechanical coupling factor $k_t$ and high mechanical quality factor $Q_{mt}$ for generating high output power At the ($PbCaSr)Ti(MnSb)O_3$ ceramics with 24mol% Ca substitution sintered at $900^{\circ}C$, electromechanical coupling factor $k_t$ and mechanical quality factor $Q_{mt}$ showed the optimal values of 0.504 and 1655 respectively, for thickness vibration mode multilayer piezoelectric transformer application.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to conduct dietary assessment of Korean adults according to intake of Korean soup and stew. Methods: To accomplish this study, 20,926 adults aged 19 yr or higher who participated in the dietary intake survey (24 h recall method) were analyzed from the data of the 2011~2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The items included in the soup and stew were guk, tang, jjigae, jijimi, and jeongol. Results: Intakes of soup and stew of subjects were divided into quartiles; intake range by quartile was Q1: < 22.96 g, Q2: 22.96~98.75 g, Q3: 98.75~212.23 g, and Q4: $${\geq_-}212.24g$$. In the case of the Q4 group, male, married, employed, higher educated, and high income subjects showed increased intakes of soup and stew. In addition, sodium intake among nutrient intakes increased from 3,849.04 mg in Q1 group to 5,363.57 mg in Q4 group. Intakes of cereals/grains, potatoes/starches, legumes, seeds/nuts, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, meat, fishes/shell fishes, milks/dairy products, oils/fats, and seasonings among all foods significantly increased from Q1 group to Q4 group. Lastly, in the multivariable regression analysis, male, higher age, married, eating breakfast, consumption of snacks, prepared meals from home/institution, average eating-out frequency per week, energy consumption, and sodium intake related parameters increased intake of Korean soup and stew. Conclusion: Excessive intake of sodium was related to high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. Thus, there are needs to improve dietary guidelines and nutrition education for balanced intake of soup and stew.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2012

Background: Males have a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females in general, but the reasons for the sex disparity are still obscure. DNA copy number alteration (CNA) is a major feature of solid tumors including HCC, but whether CNA plays a role in sex-related differences in HCC development has never been evaluated. Methods: High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 17 female and 46 male HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shanghai, China. Two-tailed Fisher's exact or ${\chi}^2$ tests was used to compare CNAs between females and males. Results: The overall frequencies and patterns of CNAs in female and male cases were similar. However, female HCC tumors presented more copy number gains compared to those in males on 1q21.3-q22 (76.5% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.009), 11q11 (35.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0002) and 19q13.31-q13.32 (23.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.004), and loss on 16p11.2 (35.3% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.009). Relative to females, male cases had greater copy number loss on 11q11 (63.0% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.002). Further analyses showed that 11q11 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.042), 11q11 loss (P = 0.011) and 16p11.2 loss (P = 0.033), while 1q21.3-q22 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.046). Conclusions: These findings suggest that CNAs may play a role in sex-related differences in HBVassociated HCC development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.101-101
• /
• 2017

This study was carried out to improve yield potential of Tongil type rice variety based on QTLs analysis associated with yield component using a total of 386 rice recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Tongil type high yield variety "Hanareum2" and Japonica variety "Unkwang". 384 SNP markers were used, and 241 of them (62.6%) were polymorphic between Hanareum2 and Unkwang. One hundred forty-four QTLs in 11 traits, such as heading days, were detected. Most of them were 21 QTLs associated with 1000 grain weight and the least was 8 QTLs associated with panicle number. The QTL, qDTH3-2 associated with days to heading was identified to delay heading date for 2.4~2.6 day. Eleven QTLs were associated with culm length. The QTL, qCL1-2 on chromosome 1, was identified to decrease culm length. A total of 16 QTLs were detected for panicle length. Three QTLs, qPL3, qPL6, and qPL7-1 were increased panicle length. Seven QTLs related to panicle number except qPN7 were increased the number of panicle. Four QTLs related to grain number per panicle, qGNP2-1, qGNP6, and qGNP7, were increased the number of grains. Three QTLs associated with grain filling rate, qGFR1, qGFR2-2, and qGFR7-1 were increased grain filling rate. Twelve QTLs associated with 1,000 grain weight. were increased the grain weight. Fourteen QTLs were identified associated with grain length. 10 QTLs, such as qGL1-1, were increasing grain. Fifteen QTLs associated with grain width were detected. The 8 QTLs, such as qGW1-1, were elongated grain width. Seventeen QTLs were associated with grain thickness, and ten QTLs of them were increased grain thickness. We need further study to develop introgression lines of each QTL to improve yield potential of Tongil type rice variety.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.201-204
• /
• 2007

In this paper, fully embedded and miniaturized diplexer device has been developed and characterized for dual-band/mode CDMA handset applications. The size of the embedded diplexer is significantly reduced by embedding high Q circular spiral inductors and high DK MIM capacitors into a low cost organic package substrate. The fabricated diplexer has insertion losses and isolations of -0.5 and -23 dB at 824-894 MHz and -0.7 and -22 dB at 1850-1990 MHz, respectively. Its size is $3.9mm{\times}3.9mm{\times}0.77mm$. The fabricated diplexer is the smallest one which is fully embedded into a low cost organic package substrate.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2004

This paper describes investigations of the UHF(Ultra High Frequency) PD(Partial Discharge) measuring technology designed for monitoring of PD in high power apparatus. Based on the spiral antenna theory, the hole type sensor for GIS with metal flange spacer and injection type sensor for oil filled transformer are developed. The experimental results show measurement characteristics of the PD sensor for several artificial defects in gas-insulated system(GIS) and oil transformer. Moreover, we proposed the new $\phi$-f-q method for the purpose of condition assessment of high power apparatus.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.307-322
• /
• 2022

A drone has recently got attention as an instrument for weather observation in lower atmosphere because it can produce the high spatiotemporal resolution weather data even though the weather phenomenon is inaccessible. Sea fog is a weather phenomenon occurred in lower atmosphere, and has observational limitations because it occurs on the sea. Therefore, goal of this study is to analyze the vertical structures about inflow, development and dispersion of sea fog using the high-resolution weather data with the meteorological sensor-equipped drone. This study observed sea fogs in the west coast of the Korean peninsula from March to October 2021 and investigated one sea fog inflowed into the coast on June 8th 2021. θ_e - q_v diagrams (θ_e: equivalent potential temperature, q_v: water vapor ratio) and vertical wind structures were analyzed. At inflow of sea fog, moist adiabatically stable layer was formed in 0-300 m and prevailing wind was switched from south-southwesterly to west-southwesterly under 120 m. Both changes are favorable for sea fog on the location. θ_e and q_v plummeted in a layer 0-183 m. The inflowed sea fog developed from 183 m to 327 m by mixing with ambient atmosphere on top of sea fog. Also, strong mechanical turbulence near ground drove a vertical mixing under stable layer. At dispersion of sea fog, as θ_e on ground gradually increased, air condition was changed to neutral. Evaporation occurred on both bottom and top in sea fog. These results induced dissipation of sea fog.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the recognition of secondary pre-physical education teachers' recognition for the learning athletics using Q methodology. P-sample was composed of 28 pre-secondary P·E teachers. The selected Q samples were arranged in the normal distribution form. The collected data were analyzed by factor analysis through varimax rotation using QUANL PC program. This study found four types of recognition on learning athletics. Type I is defined 'the type of recognition for education value.' Type II is defined 'the type of emphasizing assistant activities.' Type III is defined 'the type of an appeal difficulty to learn athletics skill.' Type IV is defined 'the type of emphasizing the basic movement value.' Based of the results of this study, the implications and direction to future research on athletics activities are suggested.