• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.279-290
• /
• 2016

The performance of upflow anaerobic bioelectrochemical reactor (UABE), equipped with electrodes (anode and cathode) inside the upflow anaerobic reactor, was compared to that of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for the treatment of acidic distillery wastewater. The UASB was stable in pH, alkalinity and VFAs until the organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.0 g COD/L.d, but it became unstable over 4.0 g COD/L.d. As a response to the abrupt doubling in OLR, the perturbation in the state variables for the UABE was smaller, compared to the UASB, and quickly recovered. The UABE stability was better than the UASB at higher OLR of 4.0-8.0 g COD/L.d, and the UABE showed better performance in specific methane production rate (2,076mL $CH_4/L.d$), methane content in biogas (66.8%), and COD removal efficiency (82.3%) at 8.0 g COD/L.d than the UASB. The maximum methane yield in UABE was about 407mL/g $COD_r$ at 4.0 g COD/L.d, which was considerably higher than about $282mL/g\;COD_r$ in UASB. The rate limiting step for the bioelectrochemical reaction in UABE was the oxidation of organic matter on the anode surface, and the electrode reactions were considerably affected by the pH at 8.0 g COD/L.d of high OLR. The maximum energy efficiency of UABE was 99.5%, at 4.0 g COD/L.d of OLR. The UABE can be an advanced high rate anaerobic process for the treatment of acidic distillery wastewater.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.261-270
• /
• 2002

Purpose: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which mediate excitatory neurotransmission, are known to participate in various neurophysiological functions. Severe losses of nAChRs have been noted in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, noninvasive and quantitative imaging of nAChRs would offer a better understanding on the function of these receptors. In this study, $2-[^{18}F]fluoro-A85380\;([^{18}F]1)$, an ${\alpha}_4{\beta}_2$ nAChRs radioligand, was prepared using one HPLC purification and evaluated in mouse brain, and the results were compared with those in the literature. Materials and Methods: $[^{18}F]1$ was prepared by $[^{18}F]$fluorination of the iodo precursor followed by acidic deprotection and then purified by HPLC. Tissue distribution studies were performed in mouse brain at the indicated time points and the result was expressed as %ID/g. Inhibition studies were also carried out with pretreatment of various ligands. Results: One HPLC purification method gave the desired product in 15-20% radiochemical yield and with high specific activity ($38-55GBq/{\mu}mol$). Tissue distribution studies showed that $[^{18}F]1$ specifically labeled nAChRs in mouse brain with a high thalamus to cerebellum uptake ratio (13.8 at 90 min). Inhibition studios demonstrated selective binding of $[^{18}F]1$ to nAChRs, blocking the uptake of the $[^{18}F]1$ in nAChR-rich legions by selective ligands such as cytisine and nicotine which are well-known nAChRs agonists. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the $[^{18}F]1$ produced by the method using one HPLC purification gave the results similar to those reported in the literature. Therefore, this synthetic method can be readily applied to the routine preparation of $[^{18}F]1$, a PET radioligand for ${\alpha}_4{\beta}_2$ nAChRs imaging.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.606-610
• /
• 2011

'Jungmo1001' is an early maturing intermediate breeding line developed from a cross between Cheolweon52 and SR14694-57-4-2-1-3-2-2 by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 1994. 'Jungmo1001' has about 107 days duration from seeding to heading in mid-northern inland plain, southern alpine area and north-eastern coastal areas. It has about 73 cm in culm length with semi-erect plant type and good canopy architecture. This variety has 13 tillers per hill and 90 spikelets per panicle. Its 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice is 21.2 g which is less than 26.3 g of 'Odaebyeo'. Milled kernels are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm, low amylose content (18.1%) compared with 'Odaebyeo' palatability of cooked rice is very good. This variety shows strong resistance to cold treatment, lodging, premature heading and wilting. This variety shows moderately resistant to blast disease but susceptible to bacterial blight, stripe virus and insect pests. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.45 MT/ha by ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. This variety may be highly adaptable to the mid-northern inland plain, southern alpine area and north-eastern coastal areas of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.549-553
• /
• 2011

'Jungmo 1012', a new japonica rice intermediate parent developed from a cross between 'Sambaegbyeo' having a good eating-quality and lodging resistance, and 'Ou329', was developed by the rice breeding team of Sangju Substation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2010. This variety has about 120 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in southern mid-mountainous area of Korea. It has 78 cm culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic and abiotic stresses, it shows strong resistance to blast and viviparous germination, but is susceptible to bacterial blight, virus diseases, and insect pests. The milled rice of 'Jungmo 1012' exhibit translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has a little lower amylose content of 18.2%, and higher protein content of 6.3%, and good palatability of cooked rice compared with 'Odaebyeo'. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.55 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. 'Jungmo 1012' will be adaptable to southern mid-mountainous of South Korea.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate correlation structure between Hanwoo steer growth traits - body weights at 6 month, 12 month, 18 month and 24 month of age, average daily gain, carcass traits, body size traits at 18 months of age. Hanwoo progeny test data(body weight, body size traits) collected from 2004 to 2008 on a total of 1,838 steers at Hanwoo Improvement Main Center(NACF) were analyzed. Carcass traits were used to score the 24 months of age and slaughter. Correlation analyses were performed with observed scales of the traits and with residuals considering fixed effects in generalized linear models. The correlated coefficient estimated between live weight at slaughter(24 months of age) and cold carcass weight was high at 0.92. Correlation between beef yield index values and backfat thickness was estimated to be high and negative at -0.92. Hip height and wither height was found to be highly correlated(0.89). Chest width and chest depth also was found to be highly correlated at 0.73. Rump width was highly correlated with chest depth(0.75) and chest width(0.74). Correlation between pelvic width and rump width was estimated to be 0.74. Hipbone width was shown to be highly correlated with chest depth(0.73), chest width(0.70), rump width(0.75), or pelvic width(0.75). Correlation between wither height and carcass weight was 0.48 in observed scale. Chest girth was phenotyically (residual correlation) correlated with carcass weight (0.51), the estimates of which were some higher than than with the other carcass traits. This study will be utilized for Hanwoo Steers genetic evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.314-318
• /
• 2009

A new rice cultivar "Jinbaek" carrying Xa3 and xa5 was derived from the cross between 'HR15204-38-3' with xa5 gene resistant to bacterial blight K1, K2, K3 and K3a, and F1 plant derived from the cross between Junam and Sindongjin with Xa3 gene. "Jinbaek" has approximately 125 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in the west-southern coastal and Honam plain of Korea. Culm length of "Jinbaek" is 71 cm. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderate resistance to blast, and wide spectrum resistance to bacterial blight pathogen, K1, K2, K3, and K3a but susceptible to rice stripe virus and blast. The milled rice of "Jinbaek" exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and midium short grain. It has lower amylose content (18.8%) and protein content (6.2%) compared with Nampyeong. The milled rice yield of this cultivar was 5.30 MT/ha in local adaptability test of three years from 2006 to 2008. This cultivar would be adaptable to the bacterial blight-prone area in the south-western coast and Honam plain of Korea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.263-270
• /
• 2021

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of CaCl₂ foliar spraying on the inhibition of blossom-end rot (BER) in hot summer paprika (Capsicum annum L. 'Special') cultivation. The effect of CaCl₂ application was examined by the foliar application based on different fruit size, frequency, and spraying time. Also, it was investigated the occurrence and alleviation effect of BER symptom. Foliar application of CaCl₂ (Ca 0.4%) was conducted by treating a fruit and leaf at 4 to 9 nodes above the crown flowers of each plant with 350 mL per week from June 3 to July 1. When the CaCl₂ was sprayed at 7-day intervals for 4 weeks, the Ca content was the lowest in the fruit harvested with BER symptom in 11 to 20 mm of fruit width (FW). Four different regions in both BER symptom and normal fruits showed significant differences of Ca content, the highest was in pedicel, followed by stem-end, middle, and blossom-end. The Ca content increased sharply in normal paprika with 31-40 mm FW, in which Ca content was 78% higher than that of BER. Ca content in the middle and blossom-end of paprika over 21 mm in FW ranged 19.8% to 28.8% in normal fruits and 15.7% to 18.5% in BER, respectively. The incidence of BER increased rapidly by more than 60% in fruits with 31-40 mm FW. While there was no difference in fruit weight among the FW treatment, marketable yield rate was highest in the 21-30 mm FW, and the sugar content was high in the 11-30mm FW. When CaCl₂ was applied three times for 7 days to a paprika having a 21- 30 mm FW, the cell wall-bound (CWB) Ca content was the highest and the rate of BER was lowest with 6.3%. After 10 days of CaCl₂ foliar spray treatment, the CWB Ca content of paprika increased by 2.9 to 3.5 times compared to the control in all treatments. At 7 days after the CaCl₂ foliar spraying once a day at varying spraying time, the leaf burn observed from 9:30 a.m. to 17:00 p.m. and the proline content increased as the spraying time was delayed. Therefore, the CaCl₂ foliar spraying method for reducing of BER occurrence during paprika summer cultivation seems to be appropriate to spray 2-3 times at intervals of 3 days and before 8 a.m. at the time when the FW is 21-30 mm.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.576-580
• /
• 2011

'Keunseom', a new second generation Tongil-type rice variety (Oryza sativa L.), is a mid-maturing ecotype developed by the rice breeding team of Department of Functional Crop, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was originated from a cross between 'Dasanbyeo' and 'Namyeongbyeo' in 1996's summer season, which developed by pedigree breeding method. The pedigree of 'Keunseom' was YR18234-B-B-98-3-5-1, and it was designated 'Milyang202' in 2002. 'Keunseom' has tolerance to lodging, because it has short culm length as 77 cm. This variety is resistance to bacterial blight K1 race, rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, and leaf blast disease. Milled rice kernel of 'Keunseom' is a clean translucent with non-glutinous endosperm, and has good quality as it was clear in chalkness. The milled rice yield potential of 'Keunseom' was about 719 kg/10a at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to the mid and southern plain of Republic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.520-524
• /
• 2009

A newly developed rice variety "Pungmi 1" is a japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.) with high grain quality and multi-resistant to diseases. It was developed by the rice breeding team of Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI), RDA. in 2004. This variety derived from a cross between "YR13616Acp 1", having short culm and multi-resistance to biotic stresses and "Milyang 122" with good grain quality. It has short stature of 73cm in culm length and mid-early flowering date of Aug. 13. This variety is moderately resistant to leaf blast showing durable resistance of lower 10% diseased leaf araea in sequential planting meothod. Milled rice kernel of "Pungmi 1" is translucent, clear in chalkness and good at eating quality in panel test. Milling recovery and head rice ratios were comparable to Milyang 122, while it has low protein content. The milled rice yield potential of "Pungmi 1" is about 5.59 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test. This cultivar would be adaptable to Yeongnam inland plains and southern coastal areas of Yeongnam province at ordinary transplanting as well as after barly cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2010

'Cheonghaejinmi' is a new japonica rice variety developed from three-way cross between Samjiyeon/SR14694-57-4-2-1-3-2-2//Iri402 by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. Heading date of this variety is August 18, 4 days later than that of 'Sobibyeo' in middle plain areas. It has culm length of 78 cm, 125 spikelets per panicle, 92.5% of ripened grain rate, and 23.9 g of 1000-brown rice weight. It showed 12 days of heading delay, and 63% spikelet fertility in cold-water irrigation stress. 'Cheonghaejinmi' is susceptible to blast disease, bacterial blight, virus diseases and plant hoppers. The nitrogen use efficiency of this variety is higher than that of Sobibyeo in low nitrogen application level. Milled rice of 'Cheonghaejinmi' exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has 5.9% protein content, 20.3% amylose content, and 0.28 palatability index of cooked rice compared to -0.11 of Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of 'Cheonghaejinmi' was about 5.31 MT/ha at low nitrogen application level of ordinary season culture. This variety had 98.8% whole grain in milled rice and 76% milling recovery of whole grain. 'Cheonghaejinmi' would be adaptable to middle plain areas and middle-western coastal areas in Korea.