• Title/Summary/Keyword: high visibility

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A Study on the Guidance Signage System of Outpatient in General Hospital using Spatial Configuration Theory - View from G.D.Weisman's Way-finding Influence Factors (공간구조론을 적용한 종합병원 외래부 유도사인 배치 및 평가에 관한 연구 - G.D.Weisman의 길찾기 요소를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Suktae;Paik, Jinkyung
    • Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.25-35
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: Signs that are installed at unnoticeable places or that disconnect before the destination can bring errors of location information delivery. Therefore, this study aims to find out the spatial relation between structure of space and signs in the perspective of visual exposure possibility, operating arrangement and assesment by applying spatial structure theory. Methods: Effectiveness of organization of guidance signs was evaluated after the four way-finding factors(Plan Configuration, Sign System, Perceptual Access, Architectural Difference) that G.D.Weisman suggested were interpreted by spatial structure theory(J-Graph analysis, Space Syntax, Visual Graph Analysis) under the premise that it is closely related to the structure of space. Results: 1) Because the south corridor that connects each department of outpatient division is located in the hierarchy center of the space, and walking density is expected to be high, guidance signs need to be organized at the place with high integration value. 2) The depth to the destination space can be estimated through J-Graph analysis. The depth means a switch of direction, and the guidance signs are needed according to the number. 3) According to visibility graph analysis, visual exposure can be different in the same hierarchy unit space according to the shape of the flat surface. Based on these data, location adjustment of signs is possible, and the improvement effect can be estimated quantitatively. Implications: Spatial structure theory can be utilized to design and evaluate sign systems, and it helps to clearly understand the improvement effect. It is desirable to specify design and estimation of sign systems in the order of J-Graph analysis${\rightarrow}$Space Syntax Theory${\rightarrow}$visibility graph analysis.

Seasonal Variation and Statistical Analysis of Particulate Pollutants in Urban Air (도시대기립자상물질중 오염성분의 계절적 변동 및 통계적 해석)

  • 이승일
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.8-23
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    • 1994
  • During the period from Mar., 1991 to Feb., 1992 66 tSP samples were collected by Hi volume air sampler at 1 sampling site in Seoul and the amount of concentration of 21 components(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NO$_{3}$$^{-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, It Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pt Si, Ti, Zn, Zr ) were measured. And monthly and seasonal variation were surveyed and the principal component analysis( PCA ) were carried out with respect to these amount of pollutants, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface. The total amount of soluble ion in water was high in order o(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$> NO$_{3}$$^{-}$> N%'>Cl$^{-}$ and metal ion was high in order of Na> Ca>Si> Fe> Al> K> Mg> Zn> Pb> Cu>Ti> Mn > Ba> Cr> Zr> Ni> Cd. There was Seasonal variation in concentration for SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Na, Al, Ca, Bt Mg, Fe and Si. It was assumed that the components of the highest concentration on April were depend on yellow sand and the frequency of wind velocity and direction. As the results of PCA, the amount of pollution components was able to characterized with two principal components(Z$_{1}$, Z$_{2}$ ). The first principal components Z$_{1}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from natural generation and The second principal components Z$_{2}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from human work. The monthly concentration of pollutants in ISP, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface was possible to evaluate by the use of these two principal components Z$_{1}$ and Z$_{2}$ .

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Diagnostic Ability of High-definition Imaging Using Ultraslim Endoscopes in Early Gastric Cancer

  • Sugita, Tomomi;Suzuki, Sho;Ichijima, Ryoji;Ogura, Kanako;Kusano, Chika;Ikehara, Hisatomo;Gotoda, Takuji;Moriyama, Mitsuhiko
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.246-257
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: It is unclear whether high-definition (HD) imaging improves visibility and diagnostic ability in early gastric cancer (EGC) compared with standard-definition (SD) imaging. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance and visibility scores of HD and SD ultraslim endoscopes in EGC. Materials and Methods: We used HD and SD ultraslim endoscopes to obtain 60 images with similar compositions of gastric environments. Of the 60 images, 30 showed EGC (15 images for each modality) and 30 showed no EGC (15 images for each modality). Seventeen endoscopists evaluated the presence and location of the lesions in each image. Diagnostic ability was compared between modalities. The color difference between a lesion and the surrounding mucosa (ΔE) was measured and compared between the modalities. Results: The ability of HD to detect EGC was significantly higher than that of SD (accuracy: 80.8% vs. 71.6%, P=0.017; sensitivity: 94.9% vs. 76.5%, P<0.001; positive predictive value, 76.2% vs. 55.3%, P<0.001; and negative predictive value (NPV), 94.1% vs. 73.5%, P<0.001). The ability of HD to determine the horizontal extent of EGC was significantly higher than that of SD (accuracy: 71.0% vs. 57.8%, P=0.004; sensitivity: 75.3% vs. 49.0%, P<0.001; NPV, 72.9% vs. 55.9%, P<0.001; and area under the curve: 0.891 vs. 0.631, P=0.038). The mean ΔE was significantly higher for HD than for SD (10.3 vs. 5.9, P=0.011). Conclusions: The HD ultraslim endoscope showed a higher diagnostic performance in EGC than the SD endoscope because it provided good color contrast.

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Millimeter-wave Radiometer for the High Resolution Imaging

  • Kim, Yong-Hoon;Choi, Jung-Hee;Kang, Gum-Sil
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 1999.11a
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    • pp.122-126
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    • 1999
  • The imaging characteristics of a 2-D interferometric synthetic aperture radiometer, such as an angular resolution, depend largely on the type of an antenna array. In this paper, different array configurations of antenna are studied and compared with each array types to get more high resolution image in spatial. T-, X- and Y- types of antenna array are considered and the performances of each type are analyzed considering spatial resolution. The simulation results of candidate antenna types are presented in this paper. In case of Y-type the coverage area of the visibility function is wide and the angular resolution is high more than the others. X-type array shows the good performance for side lobe level.

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An Efficient Requantization for Transcoding of MPEG Video

  • Hwang, Hee-Chul;Kim, Duk-Gyoo
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.1023-1026
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, we propose an efficient transcoding of MPEG video. Transcoding is the process of converting a compressed video format to another different compressed video format. We propose an simple and efficient transcoding by requantization in which MPEG coded video at high bit-rate is converted into MPEG bitstream at lower bit-rate. To reduce a image quality degradation, we use HVS(Human Visual System) that is the effect that visibility of noise is less in high activity regions than in low activity regions. By using the effect, the part of image in high activity region is coarsely quantized without seriously degrading the image quality. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide good performance.

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Interference-Free Tool Path with High Machinability for 4- and 5-Axes NC Machining of Free-Formed Surfaces (공구간섭과 절삭성을 고려한 자유 곡면의 4, 5축 NC 가공을 위한 공구 경로 산출)

  • 강재관
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.146-153
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    • 1998
  • NC machines with 4 or 5 axes are capable of various tool approach motions, which makes interference-free and high machinablity machining possible. This paper deals with how to integrate these two advantages (interference-free and high machinability machining) in multi-axes NC machining with a ball-end mill. Feasible tool approach region at a point on a surface is first computed, then among which an approach direction is determined so as to minimize the cutting force required. Tool and spindle volumes are considered in computing the feasible tool approach region, and the computing time is improved by trans-forming surface patches into minimal enclosing spheres. A cutting force prediction model is used for estimating the cutting force. The algorithm is developed so as to be applied to 4- or 5-axes NC machining in common.

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System Design and Evaluation of a Compact and High Energy X-ray Talbot-Lau Grating Interferometer for Industrial Applications

  • Lee, Seho;Oh, Ohsung;Kim, Youngju;Lee, Seung Wook;Kim, Insoo;Kim, Jinkyu
    • Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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    • v.73 no.12
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    • pp.1827-1833
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    • 2018
  • X-ray grating interferometry has been an active area of research in recent years. In particular, various studies have been carried out for the practical use of the x-ray grating interferometer in medical and industrial fields. For the commercialization of the system, it needs to be optimized for its application. In this study, we have developed a prototype of the compact high energy x-ray grating interferometer of which the high effective energy and compactness is of our primary feature of design. We have designed the Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometer in a symmetrical geometry with an effective energy of 54.3 keV. The system has a source-to-analyzer grating distance of 788.4 mm, which is compact enough for a commercial product. In a normal operation, it took less than ten seconds to acquire a set of phase stepping images. The acquired images had a maximum visibility of about 15%, which is relatively high compared with the visibilities of the other high-energy grating interferometric systems reported so far.

New Train Information Display System for Visibility Improvement of Passenger Service (승객서비스 향상을 위한 새로운 여객정보안내시스템)

  • Hwang, Jong-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Ho;Jo, Hyun-Jeong
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.949-950
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    • 2006
  • Currently, most of TIDS(Train Information Display System) is operated colored-LED type equipment in Korea. This current TIDS equipment has not graceful display and causes passengers' fatigues, high operating and maintenance costs, and et al. To address these several, we are developed new colored-LCD type TIDS equipment. According to our developed new TIDS equipment, we can achieve high resolution and graceful color stone of information display.

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Study on Image Compression Algorithm with Deep Learning (딥 러닝 기반의 이미지 압축 알고리즘에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.156-162
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    • 2022
  • Image compression plays an important role in encoding and improving various forms of images in the digital era. Recent researches have focused on the principle of deep learning as one of the most exciting machine learning methods to show that it is good scheme to analyze, classify and compress images. Various neural networks are able to adapt for image compressions, such as deep neural networks, artificial neural networks, recurrent neural networks and convolution neural networks. In this review paper, we discussed how to apply the rule of deep learning to obtain better image compression with high accuracy, low loss-ness and high visibility of the image. For those results in performance, deep learning methods are required on justified manner with distinct analysis.

Performance Estimation of Tone Mapping for HDR Images (HDR이미지 톤 매핑 알고리즘의 성능 평가)

  • Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.182-186
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    • 2021
  • Tone mapping operator is designed to reproduce visibility of real-world scenes such as HDR images on limited dynamic range display devices. This paper presents and implements compare and to estimate some tone mapping algorithms commonly used. The evaluation is performed by applying tone mapping operators on 7 HDR images, and by presenting the results with subjective estimation. Reinhard tone mapping algorithm is the best in the visual experimental results. The goal of this work is to discuss what is visible of high dynamic range on a normal display device and to determine to which better algorithm is. This work motivates us to make more progress through the new proposal of tone mapping operator on future work.